UGC 2009 Environmental Science Paper-3

1. ¯ÖÆü»Öê ¯ÖéÂü êú ú¯Ö¸ü ×­ÖµÖÖ Ã£ÖÖ­Ö ¯Ö¸ü ¯Ö­ÖÖ ¸üÖê»Ö ­Ö´²Ö¸ü ×»Ö×Ö 2. »ÖÖã ¯ÖÏ¿­Ö Ö£ÖÖ ×­Ö²ÖÓ¬Ö ¯ÖÏúÖ¸ü êú ¯ÖÏ¿­ÖÖë êú ¢Ö¸ü, ¯ÖϵÖêú ¯ÖÏ¿­Ö êú ­ÖßÖê µÖÖ ¯ÖÏ¿­ÖÖë êú ²ÖÖ¤ü ´Öë פüµÖê Æãü ׸üÖ Ã£ÖÖ­Ö ¯Ö¸ü Æüß ×»Ö×ÖµÖê ÃÖêú ×»Ö úÖêÔ ×Ö׸üÖ úÖÖÖ úÖ ¯ÖµÖÖêÖ ­ÖÆüà ú¸ü­ÖÖ Æîü 3. ¯Ö¸üßÖÖ ¯ÖÏÖ¸ü´³Ö ÆüÖê­Öê ¯Ö¸ü, ¯ÖÏ¿­Ö-¯ÖãÛÃÖúÖ Ö¯ÖúÖê ¤êü ¤üß ÖÖµÖêÖß ¯ÖÆü»Öê ¯ÖÖÑÖ ×´Ö­Öü Ö¯ÖúÖê ¯ÖÏ¿­Ö-¯ÖãÛÃÖúÖ ÖÖê»Ö­Öê Ö£ÖÖ ÃÖúß ×­Ö´­Ö×»Ö×ÖÖ ÖÖÑÖ êú ×»Ö ×¤üµÖê ÖÖµÖëÖê ×ÖÃÖúß ÖÖÑÖ Ö¯ÖúÖê ¾Ö¿µÖ ú¸ü­Öß Æîü : (i) ¯ÖÏ¿­Ö-¯ÖãÛÃÖúÖ ÖÖê»Ö­Öê êú ×»Ö ÃÖêú ú¾Ö¸ü ¯ÖêÖ ¯Ö¸ü »ÖÖß úÖÖÖ úß ÃÖᯙ úÖê ±úÖÍü »Öë Öã»Öß ÆãüÔ µÖÖ ×²Ö­ÖÖ Ãüßú¸ü-ÃÖᯙ úß ¯ÖãÛÃÖúÖ Ã¾ÖßúÖ¸ü ­Ö ú¸ëü (ii) ú¾Ö¸ü ¯ÖéÂü ¯Ö¸ü û¯Öê ×­Ö¤ìü¿ÖÖ­ÖãÃÖÖ¸ü ¯ÖÏ¿­Ö-¯ÖãÛÃÖúÖ êú ¯ÖéÂü Ö£ÖÖ ¯ÖÏ¿­ÖÖë úß ÃÖÓµÖÖ úÖê ûß Ö¸üÆü Öîú ú¸ü »Öë ×ú µÖê ¯Öæ¸êü Æïü ¤üÖêÂÖ¯ÖæÖÔ ¯ÖãÛÃÖúÖ ×Ö­Ö´Öë ¯ÖéÂü/¯ÖÏ¿­Ö ú´Ö ÆüÖë µÖÖ ¤ãü²ÖÖ¸üÖ Ö ÖµÖê ÆüÖë µÖÖ ÃÖß׸üµÖ»Ö ´Öë ­Ö ÆüÖë £ÖÖÔÖ ×úÃÖß ³Öß ¯ÖÏúÖ¸ü úß ¡Öã×ü¯ÖæÖÔ ¯ÖãÛÃÖúÖ Ã¾ÖßúÖ¸ü ­Ö ú¸ëü Ö£ÖÖ ÃÖß ÃÖ´ÖµÖ ÃÖê »ÖÖîüÖú¸ü ÃÖêú ãÖÖ­Ö ¯Ö¸ü ¤æüÃÖ¸üß ÃÖÆüß ¯ÖÏ¿­Ö-¯ÖãÛÃÖúÖ »Öê »Öë ÃÖêú ×»Ö Ö¯ÖúÖê ¯ÖÖÑÖ ×´Ö­Öü פüµÖê ÖÖµÖëÖê ÃÖêú ²ÖÖ¤ü ­Ö ÖÖê Ö¯Öúß ¯ÖÏ¿­Ö-¯ÖãÛÃÖúÖ ¾ÖÖ¯ÖÃÖ »Öß ÖÖµÖêÖß Öî¸ü ­Ö Æüß Ö¯ÖúÖê ×Ö׸üÖ ÃÖ´ÖµÖ ×¤üµÖÖ ÖÖµÖêÖÖ 4. ­¤ü¸ü פüµÖê ÖµÖê ×­Ö¤ìü¿ÖÖë úÖê ¬µÖÖ­Ö¯Öæ¾ÖÔú ¯ÖÍëü 5. ¢Ö¸ü-¯ÖãÛÃÖúÖ úêú ­Ö ´Öë úÖÖ úÖ´Ö (Rough Work) ú¸ü­Öê êú ×»Ö´Ö滵ÖÖÓú­Ö ¿Ößü ÃÖê ¯ÖÆü»Öê ú ¯ÖéÂü פüµÖÖ ÆãüÖ Æîü 6. µÖפü Ö¯Ö ¢Ö¸ü-¯ÖãÛÃÖúÖ ¯Ö¸ü ¯Ö­ÖÖ ­ÖÖ´Ö µÖÖ êÃÖÖ úÖêÔ ³Öß ×­Ö¿ÖÖ­Ö ×ÖÃÖÃÖê Ö¯Öúß ¯ÖÆüÖÖ­Ö ÆüÖê ÃÖêú, ×úÃÖß ³Öß ³ÖÖÖ ¯Ö¸ü ¤ü¿ÖÖÔÖê µÖÖ Ó×úÖ ú¸üÖê Æïü ÖÖê ¯Ö¸üßÖÖ êú ×»ÖµÖê µÖÖêµÖ ÖÖê×ÂÖÖ ú¸ü פüµÖê ÖÖµÖëÖê 7. Ö¯ÖúÖê ¯Ö¸üßÖÖ ÃÖ´ÖÖ¯Ö ÆüÖê­Öê ¯Ö¸ü ¢Ö¸ü-¯ÖãÛÃÖúÖ ×­Ö¸üßÖú ´ÖÆüÖê¤üµÖ úÖê »ÖÖîüÖ­ÖÖ Ö¾Ö¿µÖú Æîü Öî¸ü ÃÖê ¯Ö¸üßÖÖ ÃÖ´ÖÖÛ¯Ö êú ²ÖÖ¤ü ¯Ö­Öê ÃÖÖ£Ö ¯Ö¸üßÖÖ ³Ö¾Ö­Ö ÃÖê ²ÖÖÆü¸ü ­Ö »Öêú¸ü ÖÖµÖë 8. êú¾Ö»Ö ­Öß»Öê/úÖ»Öê ²ÖÖ»Ö ¯¾ÖÖÕü ¯Öî­Ö úÖ Æüß ÃÖê´ÖÖ»Ö ú¸ëü 9. ×úÃÖß ³Öß ¯ÖÏúÖ¸ü úÖ ÃÖÓÖÖú (îú»Öãú»Öêü¸ü) µÖÖ »ÖÖÖ êü²Ö»Ö Öפü úÖ ¯ÖϵÖÖêÖ ¾ÖÙÖÖ Æîü 1. Write your roll number in the space provided on the top of this page. 2. Answer to short answer/essay type questions are to be given in the space provided below each question or after the questions in the Test Booklet itself. No Additional Sheets are to be used. 3. At the commencement of examination, the question booklet will be given to you. In the first 5 minutes, you are requested to open the booklet and compulsorily examine it as below : (i) To have access to the Question Booklet, tear off the paper seal on the edge of this cover page. Do not accept a booklet without sticker-seal and do not accept an open booklet. (ii) Tally the number of pages and number of questions in the booklet with the information printed on the cover page. Faulty booklets due to pages/questions missing or duplicate or not in serial order or any other discrepancy should be got replaced immediately by a correct booklet from the invigilator within the period of 5 minutes. Afterwards, neither the Question Booklet will be replaced nor any extra time will be given. 4. Read instructions given inside carefully. 5. One page is attached for Rough Work at the end of the booklet before the Evaluation Sheet. 6. If you write your name or put any mark on any part of the Answer Sheet, except for the space allotted for the relevant entries, which may disclose your identity, you will render yourself liable to disqualification. 7. You have to return the test booklet to the invigilators at the end of the examination compulsorily and must not carry it with you outside the Examination Hall. 8. Use only Blue/Black Ball point pen. 9. Use of any calculator or log table etc., is prohibited. D-8909 P.T.O. Signature and Name of Invigilator Roll No. (In words) 1. (Signature) __________________________ (Name) ____________________________ 2. (Signature) __________________________ (Name) ____________________________ Roll No.____________________________ D-8909 PAPER-IIITest Booklet No. [Maximum Marks : 200 Time : 2 1/2 hours] Number of Pages in this Booklet : 32 Number of Questions in this Booklet : 26 Instructions for the Candidates ¯Ö¸üßÖÖÙ£ÖµÖÖë êú ×»Ö ×­Ö¤ìü¿Ö (In figures as per admission card) ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCED-8909 2 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE Paper-III Note : This paper is of two hundred (200) marks containing four (4) sections. Candidates are required to attempt the questions contained in these sections according to the detailed instructions given therein. D-8909 3 P.T.O. SECTION – I This section contains five (5) questions based on the following paragraph. Each question should be answered in about thirty (30) words and each carries five (5) marks. (5 × 5 = 25 marks) Read the passage below, and answer the questions that follow based on your understanding of the passage : Biomes are defined as plants, which are evolved in response to climatic conditions and animals adapted to plants as per source food and shelter. This means types of plants and animals communities present in a defined climatic conditions are different from other climatic zones. There are basically three broad climatic conditions influencing biotic communities (temperature, sunshine and precipitation). In addition, local edaphic factors play important role in variation of biological communities with same climatic conditions. Biome classification is based on average rainfall, potential evapo-transpiration and mean annual temperatures. These factors may also vary depending on longitude, latitude and altitude. Whittakar also proposed biome classification based on gradient analysis. There are extreme climatic conditions in certain types of biomes while other have uniform climatic throughout the years. These biomes also differ in species diversity, stratification and canopy cover. Biomes occurring on both sides of equator are known to be rich in biodiversity, evergreen and stratified, while polar and hot desert biomes are very characteristic due to limitation in various climatic factors. Within tropical bromes, there are a number of different units which are known as desert, moist deciduous, deciduous, thorny and grasslands, each having set of climatic ranges and biotic communities. These naturally occurring biological communities are under threat due to various developmental activities, trade, rapid utilization for health, food and economical purposes etc. As these biomes play an important role in regulating various ecological functions, their protection and conservation have been undertaken under various initiatives, rules and regulations and legislation. 1. Explain basis of biome classification with example. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ D-8909 4 2. Describe the role of altitudinal changes in biotic communities. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 3. Explain characteristics of desert biome. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ D-8909 5 P.T.O. 4. Is CITES relevant in protection and conservation of biomes ? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 5. Mention types of protected areas in India. Explain their significance. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ D-8909 6 SECTION – II Note : This section contains fifteen (15) questions, each to be answered in about thirty (30) words. Each question carries five (5) marks. (5 × 15 = 75 marks) 6. Discuss the importance of sensitivity and detection limit in analytical method. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ D-8909 7 P.T.O. 7. Heavy metals (As, Cd, Hg, Pb etc.) are known to be toxic for human beings and animals. Suggest remedial measures for any one of the above mentioned metal. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 8. Different models have been suggested to describe energy flow in an ecosystem. What do the two arms of a Y-shaped energy flow model represent ? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ D-8909 8 9. What is cryo-preservation ? Is this technique useful in germ plasm conservation through somatic embryogenesis ? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 10. Comment on the energy content of different types of coal. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ D-8909 9 P.T.O. 11. Discuss the water quality index. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 12. Explain health hazards associated with fly ash. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ D-8909 10 13. What are the criteria used in identification of ‘Hot Spots’ ? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 14. Explain the principles and working of aerobic pond used in sewage treatment. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ D-8909 11 P.T.O. 15. Describe the process involved in formation of secondary air pollutants. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 16. How important is environmental audit as a part of EIA ? _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ D-8909 12 17. Enlist various processes involved in environmental planning. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 18. Explain the principles of coastal regulation zones. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ D-8909 13 P.T.O. 19. Define Skewness, Kurtosis and Median. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 20. Explain methanogenesis in biogas production. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ D-8909 14 SECTION – III This section contains five (5) questions. Each question carries twelve (12) marks and is to be answered in about two hundred (200) words. (5 × 12 = 60 marks) 21. Discuss an appropriate chromatographic method for separation of organic pollutants in water on the basis of their relative size. 22. How do the moist tropical deciduous forest differ from dry tropical deciduous forest ? Explain with example. 23. Discuss green energy options. 24. Explain the principles and working of an aerobic pond used in sewage treatment. 25. Describe in brief methods used in reclamation of wastelands. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ 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(40 × 1 = 40 marks) 26. Discuss the linkages between El Nino, La Nino, thermahyaline balance and the global climate change. OR Integrate EIA, EMP & Environmental Audit as requirement of life cycle-use coal based thermal power plant for elaborating your answer. OR What is bio-remediation ? Is bioremediation eco-friendly method in restoration of soil quality ? Justify your answer. OR Discuss various guidelines and notification required in developing new township with reference to environmental issues. Add a note on methods used to make eco-friendly township. OR What are wetlands ? Discuss the role of wetlands in ecosystem. Explain criteria used in identification of ecologically important wetlands under Ramsar convention. OR Explain method for removal of interference caused by the emission intensities in the measurement of absorption intensities using atomic absorption spectrometer (AAS). OR Describe the various methods of energy production from ocean ? Add a note on the feasibility of power production through ocean thermal energy conversion. OR What is ecological succession ? How many types of ecological successions are there ? Discuss in detail the structural and functional changes taking place from a baren to climax stage in a water habitat giving suitable examples. _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________ D-8909 25 P.T.O. 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20 21 22 23 24 25 26 Question Number Marks Obtained FOR OFFICE USE ONLY Total Marks Obtained (in words) ........................................... (in figures) .......................................... Signature & Name of the Coordinator ................................... (Evaluation) Date ......................... D-8909 32 Marks Obtained