The Christian's Authority over Demons

The Study of Demonology : The Study of Demonology Names the Bible Gives to Spirits

What are Evil Spirits : What are Evil Spirits The many accounts of Evil Spirits in the Scriptures affirm the reality of powerful spiritual forces of wickedness evil spirits(a.k.a demons or devils) are depraved spirits which are familiar with human weaknesses and desires. Some are more vile than others.

The Bible has named for these Spirits : The Bible has named for these Spirits Abaddon From the Hebrew root meaning 'to destroy,' Abaddon was known as a 'place of destruction' synonymous with Sheol in Prov 15:11; 27:20 and Job 26:6. It is the second of the seven names of the underworld in the Babylonian Talmud.In Job 28:22, Abaddon is personified as a being that can speak and hear. Abaddon and Death say,'With our ears we have heard a report of it.'In Revelation, Abaddon is the King of the abyss who commands an army of locusts. He will rise up after the fifth angel has blown his trumphet. They have as king over them, the angel of the abyss; his name in Hebrew is Abaddon, and in the Greek he has the name Apollyon. - Rev 9:11The reference to the abyss in this case is the temporary place of punishment for the fallen angels in contrast to the lake of fire, which will be permanent. When the years of the world (or age) are fulfilled, God will quicken the dead, and raise up from the earth them that sleep: Sheol will restore its debt, and Abaddon its deposit, and every man will be rewarded according to his works. - III. 10. In Mather's Key of Solomon, Abaddon is the name of God that Moses invokes to bring destructive rains. and by the Name ABADDON which Moses invoked and sprinkled the dust towards heaven, and immediately there fell so great rain upon the men, cattle, and flocks, that they all died.

Adramelech : Adramelech Historical InfoThe name Adramelech (also Adrammalech) appears in the Old Testament only twice. The first time, he is mentioned as a son of the Assyrian King Sennacharib along with Sharezer, who murdered their father while he was worshiping in the temple of his idol, Nisrach (2 Kings 19:36-38 cf. Isaiah 37:37-39).The second time Adramelech is mentioned is in the context of a Samarian sun god who was worshipped by the Sepharvites. 'the Avvites made Nibhaz and Tartak, and the Sepharvites burned their children in the fire as sacrifices to Adrammelech and Anammelech, the gods of Sepharvaim.' - 2 Kings 17:31Adramelech in DemonologyAccording to Gustav Davidson, Adramelech, which means, "king of fire" is one of two throne angels along with Asmadai. In demonology he is 8th of the 10 archdemons and a great minister and chancelor of the Order of the Fly, founded by Beelzebub. He is said to appear in the form of a mule or peacock.Dictionaries Infernal - Collin de Plancy (1863) (paraphrased) Adramelech was a high chancellor of hell and president of the high council of devils. He can sometimes appear with a mule or a peacock. It is said that the people of the city of Sepharvaim, the city of the Assyrians, sacrificed children to him.

Asmodeus : Asmodeus Asmodeus, also known as Ashmadia, most likely originated from the Persian Aeshma-deva ("demon of wrath"). The apocryphal Book of Tobit describes an instance where Raguel's daughter, Sarah, was tormented by the demon. She was married to seven times, each time the Asmodeus killed off the husband before they could have intercourse. Sarah, was about to hang herself in grief, but decided against it after thinking about the shame it would cause her father. She then prayed to God for death. God answered her prayer by sending the angel, Raphael, to her aid. He instructed Tobiah to place fish liver and heart on the embers for incense. Asmodeus was repelled by the odor: "The demon, repelled by the odor of the fish, fled into Upper Egypt; Raphael pursued him there and bound him hand and foot." - Book of Tobit 8:3In the Testament of Solomon (dated 1st - 3rd centuries CE) , Solomon invokes Asmodeus to aid in the construction of the Temple. The demon appears and predicts Solomon's kingdom will one day be divided. "My constellation (is like an animal which) reclines in its den in heaven; some men call me the Great Bear, but others the Offspring of a Dragon. Moreover, a smaller constellation accompanies my constellation, for the high position and throne of my father is always in the sky. So do not ask me so many things, Solomon, for eventually your kingdom will be divided. This glory of yours is temporary. You have us to torture for a little while; then we shall disperse among human beings again with the result that we shall be worshiped as gods because men do not know the names of the angels who rule over us." - Testament of Solomon 5:4-5After Asmodeus had spoken, Solomon ordered him to state his name and activities, to which the demon responded that he: "Is always hatching plots against newlyweds; I mar the beauty of virgins and cause their hearts to grow cold" - Testament of Solomon 5:7When Solomon interrogated Asmodeus further, he learned that Asmodeus was thwarted by the angel, Raphael, as well as sheatfish found in the rivers of Assyria. He also admitted he hated water.

Azazel (Part 1) : Azazel (Part 1) Azazel and the Se'irim Azazel is the chief of the Se'irim, or goat-demons, who haunted the desert and to whom most primitive Semitic (most likely non-Hebrew) tribes offered sacrifices. The Old Testament states that Jeroboam appointed priests for the Se'irim. But Josiah destroyed the places of their worship, as the practices accompanying this worship involved copulation of women with goats. The Se'irim, or hairy demons as the word itself means, are mentioned in Leviticus 17:7 and 2 Chronicles 11:15 as "goat-demons". Isaiah 34:14 says that the "goat-demons" greet each other amoung the ruins of Edom along with Lilith and other wild beasts. The name 'Azazel' may be derived from 'azaz' and 'el' meaning 'strong one of God.' It is thought that Azazel may have been derived from the Canaanite god, 'Asiz, who caused the sun to burn strongly. It has also been theorized that he has been influenced by the Egyptian god, Seth.

Azazel in Leviticus : Azazel in Leviticus Leviticus 16:8 tells that the Lord ordered his high priest, Aaron, to 'place lots upon the two goats, one marked for the Lord and the other marked for Azazel' on the Jewish Day of Atonement. The goat designated by lot for the Lord is to be used as a sin offering, while the goat designated for Azazel "shall be left standing alive before the Lord, to make expiation with it and to send it off to the wilderness for Azazel." (Lev 16:10) Aaron was to "lay both his hands upon the head of the live goat and confess over it all the iniquities and transgressions of the Israelites, whatever their sins, putting them on the head of the goat; and it shall be sent off to the wilderness through a designated an. Thus the goat shall carry on it all their iniquities to an inaccessible region; and the goat shall be set free in the wilderness." (Lev 16:21-22) Leviticus also says that "He who set the Azazel-goat free shall wash his clothes and bathe his body in water; after that he may reenter the camp." (16:26) From this passage in Leviticus, it would seem that Azazel is conceived of as a personal being, as lots were drawn for the Lord and for him. Also, Leviticus mentions that Azazel lives in the wilderness, as do the Se'irim. Because of this ritual, Azazel is known as the "scapegoat." The goat that is sent to Azazel is not as a sacrifice, but as a symbol that there is no longer any unexpiated guilt. Both the goat and the man who leads away the goat are unclean, and the only way the man can reenter the camp is by washing his clothes and bathing.

Azazel in The Book of Enoch : Azazel in The Book of Enoch In one account of the fall of the angels in the Book of Enoch, Azazel (Asa'el as in the Qumran texts) is the leader of the Watchers who educates humankind of heavenly secrets that lead humankind to sin. These teachings include making weapons of war and preparing cosmetics, which enabled the women to seduce the angels. The angels then charge Asa'el before the Lord with crimes of revealing the heavenly secrets which mankind was not supposed to know. Raphael was then assigned to punish Asa'el by binding him hand and foot and throwing him into the darkness among the sharp and jagged rocks, where he would remain until the day of judgment when he would be hurled into the fire. The story then claims that "the whole earth has been corrupted by [Asa'el's] teachings of his (own) actions; and write upon him all sin." . It was because of Asa'el's teachings that God sent the Flood to destroy the evil in the world including even the souls of the giants, so that all evil will be wiped away from the face of the earth. "And Azazel taught the people (the art of) making swords and knives, and shields, and breastplates; and he showed to their chosen ones bracelets, decorations, (shadowing of the eye) with antimony, ornamentation, the beautifying of the eyelids, all kinds of precious stones, and all coloring tinctures and alchemy." - 1 Enoch 8:1

Azazel in the Apocalypse of Abraham : Azazel in the Apocalypse of Abraham In the Apocalypse of Abraham, Azazel is portrayed as an unclean bird which came down upon the sacrifice which Abraham prepared. This is in reference to Genesis 15:11 "Birds of prey came down upon the carcasses, and Abram drove them away." "And the unclean bird spoke to me and said, 'What are you doing, Abraham, on the holy heights, where no one eats of drinks, nor is there upon them food for men. But these all will be consumed by fire and ascend to the height, they will destroy you.' And it came to pass when I saw the bird speaking I said this to the angel: 'What is this, my lord?' And he said, 'This is disgrace, this is Azazel!' And he said to him, 'Shame on you Azazel! For Abraham's portion is in heaven, and yours is on earth, for you have selected here, (and) become enamored of the dwelling place of your blemish. Therefore the Eternal Ruler, the Mighty One, has given you a dwelling on earth. Through you the all-evil spirit (is) a liar, and through you (are) wrath and trials on the generations of men who live impiously." - Apocalypse of Abraham 13:4-9 The Apocalypse of Abraham also associates Azazel with Hell. Abraham says to him "May you be the firebrand of the furnace of the earth! Go, Azazel, into the untrodden parts of the earth. For your heritage is over those who are with you" (14:5-6) There is also the idea that God's heritage (the created world) is largely under the dominion of evil. It is "shared with Azazel" (20:5) Azazel is also identified with the serpent which tempted Eve. His form is described as a dragon with "hands and feet like a man's, on his back six wings on the right and six on the left." (23:7) Finally, the Apocalypse of Abraham says that the wicked will "putrefy in the belly of the crafty worm Azazel, and be burned by the fire of Azazel's tongue." (31:5) Here again, there is another reference to Azazel as being Hell.

Accuser of the brethren - Revelation 12:10 : Accuser of the brethren - Revelation 12:10 "And I heard a loud voice saying in heaven, Now is come salvation, and strength, and the kingdom of our God, and the power of his Christ: for the accuser of our brethren is cast down, which accused them before our God day and night. "

Adversary (one who stands against) - 1Peter 5:8 : Adversary (one who stands against) - 1Peter 5:8 "Be sober, be vigilant; because your adversary the devil, as a roaring lion, walketh about, seeking whom he may devour: "

Angel of the bottomless pit - Revelation 9:11 : Angel of the bottomless pit - Revelation 9:11 "And they had a king over them, [which is] the angel of the bottomless pit, whose name in the Hebrew tongue [is] Abaddon, but in the Greek tongue hath [his] name Apollyon."

Angel of light - 2Corinthians 11:14 : Angel of light - 2Corinthians 11:14 "And no marvel; for Satan himself is transformed into an angel of light.”

Antichrist - 1John 4:3 : Antichrist - 1John 4:3 "And every spirit that confesseth not that Jesus Christ is come in the flesh is not of God: and this is that [spirit] of antichrist, whereof ye have heard that it should come; and even now already is it in the world.”

Apollyon - (Greek Απολλύων, or Destroyer) - Revelation 9:11 : Apollyon - (Greek Απολλύων, or Destroyer) - Revelation 9:11 "And they had a king over them, [which is] the angel of the bottomless pit, whose name in the Hebrew tongue [is] Abaddon, but in the Greek tongue hath [his] name Apollyon."

Beelzebub - Matthew 12:24; Mark 3:22; Luke 11:15 : Beelzebub - Matthew 12:24; Mark 3:22; Luke 11:15 "But when the Pharisees heard [it], they said, This [fellow] doth not cast out devils, but by Beelzebub the prince of the devils.” (Matthew 12:24) "And the scribes which came down from Jerusalem said, He hath Beelzebub, and by the prince of the devils casteth he out devils.” (Mark 3:22) "But some of them said, He casteth out devils through Beelzebub the chief of the devils.” (Luke 11:15)

Beelzebub in the Gospels : Beelzebub in the Gospels Ba'al-zebub, also called Beelzebub or Beelzebul is known as the 'prince of demons'. In the Synoptic Gospels (Matthew, Mark and Luke), it's who the Pharisees accused Jesus of being because he could cast out demons. For instance: "The scribes who had come from Jerusalem said, 'He is possessed by Beelzebul,' and 'By the prince of demons he drives out demons.' - Mk 3:22 "This man drives out demons only by the power of Beelzebul, the prince of demons." - Mt 12:24"Some of them said 'By the power of Beelzebul, the prince of demons, he drives out demons." - Lk 11:15

Beelzebub and the Philistines : Beelzebub and the Philistines The name Ba'al-zebub is associated with the Philistine city of Ekron. In 2 Kings, after Moab rebelled against Israel, Ahaziah had fallen and injured himself. To find out if he'd recover from the injury he sent out messengers, telling them: "Go and inquire of Baalzebub, the god of Ekron, whether I shall recover from this injury." - 2 Kings 1:2The Lord, however sent Elijah to intercept the messengers on their way to Ekron, asking them if they seek Baalzebub's advice because there is no God of Israel and instructing them to return home and inform their master that he shall not recover.

Beelzebub as Lord of the Flies : Beelzebub as Lord of the Flies Ba'alzebub's name derives from the Canaanite "Baal" meaning "lord," and he is known as the "lord of the flies"

Beelzebub in the Testament of Solomon : Beelzebub in the Testament of Solomon In the Testament of Solomon (1st-3rd centuries CE), Solomon learns that Beelzeboul is one of the fallen angels who destroys by means of tyrants, causes demons to be worshiped, arouses desires in priests, brings about jealousies and murders, and instigates wars. The other demon he refers to as being imprisoned in the Red Sea is the one-winged demon, Abezethibou, Moses' adversary in Egypt. "Then I summoned Beelzeboul to appear before me again. When he was seated, I thought it appropriate to ask him, 'Why are you alone Prince of the Demons?' He replied, 'Because I am the only one left of the heavenly angels (who fell). I was the highest-ranking angel in heaven, the one called Beelzeboul. There is also accompanied me another ungodly (angel) whom God cut off and now, imprisoned here, he holds in his power the race of those bound by me in Tartarus. He is being nurtured in the Red Sea; when he is ready, he will come in triumph.""I said to him, 'What are your activities?' He replied, 'I bring destruction by means of tyrants; I cause the demons to be worshiped alongside men; and I arouse desire in holy men and select priests. I bring about jealousies and murders in a country, and I instigate wars." - TSol 6:1-4Beelzeboul then prophecizes that the wind demon, Ephippas will bind the demon imprisoned in the Red Sea and bring him out of the abyss. He then tells Solomon that he is thwarted by the Almighty God and the oath "the Elo-i". "Then I said, 'Tell me which angel thwarts you.' 'The Almighty God,' he replied. 'He is called by the Hebrews Patike, the one who descends from the heights' he is (called) by the Greeks Emmanouel. I am always afraid of him, and trembling. If anyone adjures me with the oath (called) 'the Elo-i', a great name for his power, I disappear." - TSol 6:8Another manuscript (MS P) of the passage found includes the numeric sum of the name of God. The letters translate as follows. E = 5, m = 40, m = 40, a = 1, n = 50, o = 70, u = 400, e = 8, l = 30. "I, said to him, 'Tell me by what angel you are thwarted.' And he replied, 'By the holy and precious name of the almighty God, the one called by the Hebrews by a row of numbers, or which the sum is 644, and among the Greeks, it is Emmanouel. And if one of the Romans adjure me by the great name of power, Eleeth, I disappear. " - TSol 6:8 MS PFinally, Beelzeboul informs Solomon about heavenly things. "Listen, King, if you burn oil of myrrh, frankincense, and bulbs of the sea along with spikenard and saffron, and light seven lamps during an earthquake, you will strengthen (your) house. And if, being ritually clean, you light (them) at the crack of dawn, just before the sun comes up, you will see the heavenly dragons and the way the wriggle along and pull the chariot of the sun." - TSol 6:10-11

Behemoth in the Old Testament : Behemoth in the Old Testament Behemoth, a spirit of the desert, possibly derives from the Egyptian for "water buffalo" or from the Egyptian deity, Taueret, about whom the Greek historian, Herodotus, wrote. The term "Behemoth" in the Hebrew is the plural form of the very common "behemah" referring to a beast of use to humans or a dumb animal. It is being used here, however, as a single entity.In the Old Testament, the earliest description is in the Book of Job, which describes Behemoth as follows: 'Behold Behemoth, which I made as I made you; he eats grass like an ox. Behold, his strength is in his loins, and his power in the muscles of his belly. He makes his tail stiff like a cedar; the sinews of his thighs are knit together. His bones are tubes of bronze, his limbs like bars of iron.He is the first of the works of God; let him who made him bring near his sword! For the mountains yield food for him where all the wild beast play. Under the lotus plant he lies, in the covert of the reeds and in the marsh.For his shade the lotus tree covers him the willows of the brook surround him. Behold, if the river is turbulent he is not frightened; he is confident though Jordan rushes against his mough. Can one take him with hooks, or pierce his nose with a snare?'-Job 40:15-24

Belphegor : Belphegor The name Belphegor is a corruption of the biblical name Baal-Peor, the god of the Moabites. Numbers 25 describes that when Israel was in the northeast corner of the plains of Moab (called Abel-Shittim), they had illicit relations with the Maobite women and sacrificed to their god. As punishment, Moses all the Israelites who had sacrificed to Baal-Peor were to be killed. This slaughter amounted to 24,000 deaths. (Num 25:9) Several other passages seem to refer to the event: "Your eyes have seen what the LORD has done in the case of Baal-peor, for all the men who followed Baal-peor, the LORD your God has destroyed them from among you." - Deuteronomy 4:3 "They joined themselves also to Baal-peor, And ate sacrifices offered to the dead." - Psalm 106:27-29 "I found Israel like grapes in the wilderness; I saw your forefathers as the earliest fruit on the fig tree in its first season. But they came to Baal-peor and devoted themselves to shame, and they became as detestable as that which they loved." - Hosea 9:10

Belial - 2Corinthians 6:15 : Belial - 2Corinthians 6:15 "And what concord hath Christ with Belial? Or what part hath he that believeth with an infidel? "

Belial in the Dead Sea Scrolls : Belial in the Dead Sea Scrolls Belial (or Beliaal) is Hebrew for "without value." He is known as Beliar in Greek. Among certain sections of the Jews, this demon was considered the chief of all the devils. In The War of the Sons of Light and the Sons of Darkness (1QM), one of the Dead Sea Scrolls, Belial is the leader of the Sons of Darkness: 'But for corruption thou hast made Belial, an angel of hostility. All his dominions are in darkness, and his purpose is to bring about wickedness and guilt. All the spirits that are associated with him are but angels of destruction.'Belial is also mentioned in the Fragments of a Zadokite Work (which is also known as The Damascus Document (CD)), which states that at the time of the Antichrist, "Belial shall be let loose against Israel, as God spake through Isaiah the prophet." (6:9). The Fragments also speak of "three nets of Belial" which are said to be fornication, wealth, and polution of the sanctuary. (6:10-11) In this work, Belial is sometimes presented as an agent of divine punishment and sometimes as a rebel, as Mastema is. It was Belial who inspired the Egyptian sorcerers, Jochaneh and his brother, to oppose Moses and Aaron. The Fragments also say that anyone who is ruled by the spirits of Belial and speaks of rebellion should be condemned as a necromancer and wizard.

Belial in Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs : Belial in Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs Belial is also mentioned in the Testament of the Twelve Patriarchs. The author of the work seems to be a dualist because he presents Belial as God's opponent, not as a servant, but does not mention how or why this came to be. Simeon 5:3 says that fornication separates man from God and brings him near to Beliar. Levi tells his children to choose between the Law of God and the works of Beliar (Levi 19:1) It also states that when the soul is constantly disturbed, the Lord departs from it and Beliar rules over it. Naphtali (2:6, 3:1) contrasts the Law and will of God with the purposes of Beliar. Also, in 20:2, Joseph prophesies that when Israel leaves Egypt, they will be with God in light while Beliar will remain in darkness with the Egyptians. Finally, the Testament describes that when the Messiah comes, the angels will punish the spirits of deceit and Beliar (3:3) and that the Messiah will bind Beliar and give to his children the power to trample the evil spirits (18:12).

Belial in the Martyrdom of Isaiah : Belial in the Martyrdom of Isaiah In The Martyrdom of Isaiah, Belial is the angel of lawlessness and is the ruler of this world. "And Manasseh turned aside his heart to serve Beliar; for the angel of lawlessness, who is the ruler of this world, is Beliar, whose name is Matanbuchus." - Martyrdom of Isaiah 2:4

Devil - Matthew 4:1; Luke 4:2,6; Revelation 20:2 : Devil - Matthew 4:1; Luke 4:2,6; Revelation 20:2 "Then was Jesus led up of the Spirit into the wilderness to be tempted of the devil.” (Matthew 4:1) "Being forty days tempted of the devil. And in those days he did eat nothing: and when they were ended, he afterward hungered. . . . And the devil said unto him, All this power will I give thee, and the glory of them: for that is delivered unto me; and to whomsoever I will I give it. " (Luke 4:2,6) "And he laid hold on the dragon, that old serpent, which is the Devil, and Satan, and bound him a thousand years, " (Revelation 20:2)

Dragon - Revelation 12:7 : Dragon - Revelation 12:7 "And there was war in heaven: Michael and his angels fought against the dragon; and the dragon fought and his angels, "

Fallen Angels : Fallen Angels The story of a rebel force that defies a Deity has been a topic of great fascination for authors and poets for millennia. There are para-biblical stories about how angels defied God to sleep with mortal women and bear children. John Milton creates a vivid mythos around Satan as a tragic character. Greek poets speak of Prometheus who defied Zeus and was condemned to eternal torment in a similar fashion.

Origin of the Fallen Angels Story : Origin of the Fallen Angels Story The question most people seem to have is where did the story of the watchers come from? I've mentioned the three passages under the descriptions of Watchers and Lucifer on the demon page, but just to put everything together, I thought I'd put the two stories together. Before doing so, let me briefly say that the question of evil has plagued theologians and philosophers for millennia. In Judeo-Christian thought, the problem was more pronounced - if God is an omnipotent being that is entirely good, how can evil exist? Why would God create a world that was not entirely 'good' in the first place, and even if he did create evil, why would he allow it to continue to exist? Put another way, why do the righteous suffer while the wicked prosper - issues addressed by Jeremiah and Job. The fallen angels accounts attempt to offer a mythological explanation - part of God's subordinates sinned against him and corrupted humanity in the process.

2 Accounts of the Fall : 2 Accounts of the Fall Generally, there are 2 flavors of the fallen angels myth. The first describes a group of angels who, lead by Azazel, lusted after the women of earth. They defiled themselves by mating with humans and their consorts gave birth to mean-spirited giants. God was not pleased with the rebellion and punished them for their misdeeds, but not before humanity was corrupted in the process. This tale is introduced in Genesis 6:1-4 and elaborated on in the Book of Enoch, part of the Jewish Pseudepigrapha which is a collection of works not found in the bible.The other story involves the mightiest angel who, out of pride, rebelled against God during the time of Creation. This mighty angel (Lucifer) sought to overthrow God, but he failed and was cast out of heaven to become Satan, the adversary. Then, out of contempt for mankind, he lead Adam and Eve to sin. In addition to these accounts, there is another account of the Satan who directly opposed God, but was never fully explained.As mentioned in the Watchers description, there are two potential biblical passages that refer to the first account of the fallen angel myth - Genesis 6:1-4 and Psalm 82:1, 5-7. To summarize, Gen 6 explains that the angels married women, but does not explicitly condemn this while Psalm 82 mentions that the angels sinned, but does not mention that the cause of their sin was that they married mortal women. There is no biblical evidence to support any connection between the two passages. There is only one potential passage referring to the second myth - Isaiah 14:12-15. Most scholars conjecture that this myth was derived from a lost Canaanite myth about a rebellion to overthrow El and Elyon.

Enemy - Matthew 13:39 : Enemy - Matthew 13:39 "The enemy that sowed them is the devil; the harvest is the end of the world; and the reapers are the angels.”

Evil spirit - 1Samuel 16:14 : Evil spirit - 1Samuel 16:14 "But the Spirit of the LORD departed from Saul, and an evil spirit from the LORD troubled him.”

Father (father) of all liars - John 8:44 : Father (father) of all liars - John 8:44 "Ye are of [your] father the devil, and the lusts of your father ye will do. He was a murderer from the beginning, and abode not in the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he speaketh a lie, he speaketh of his own: for he is a liar, and the father of it. "

God (god) of this world - 2Corinthians 4:4 : God (god) of this world - 2Corinthians 4:4 "In whom the god of this world hath blinded the minds of them which believe not, lest the light of the glorious gospel of Christ, who is the image of God, should shine unto them.”

Great red dragon - Revelation 12:3 : Great red dragon - Revelation 12:3 "And there appeared another wonder in heaven; and behold a great red dragon, having seven heads and ten horns, and seven crowns upon his heads.”

Lamia : Lamia Lamia (lamiai) were harmful spirits who killed infants and seduced sleeping men. One myth tells that the original Lamia was a beautiful queen of Libya, daughter of Belus and Libya, who won Zeus' heart. Hera became jealous of this union and retaliated by killing all her children who were fathered by Zeus. In anger and frustration, Lamia retreated to a cave where she unleashed her wrath by killing the offspring of human mothers, usually by sucking the blood of the children. These actions transformed Lamia's beauty into ugliness, but she was able to briefly regain her beauty to seduce men, and is said to have drunk their blood. Philostatus described an account of the lamiai in his Life of Apollonius. This tale told of how one of Apollonius' students, Menippus, was attracted to a beautiful rich woman who first appeared to him in an apparition. The apparition gave him details on where to find the girl. Menippus fell in love with the girl and told Apollonius about the event. When they confronted the girl, Apollonius told Menippus, "And that you may realize the truth of what I say, this fine bride is one of the vampires (empusai), that is to say of those beings whom may regard as lamiai and hobgoblins (mormolykiai). These beings fall in love, and they are devoted to the delights of Aphrodite, but especially in the flesh of human beings, and they decoy with such delights those whom they mean to devour in their feats."Apollonius then proved his point to Menippus by confronting the lamiai. As he revealed each element, her disguise faded, and soon she admitted her plans and her habit of feeding "upon young and beautiful bodies because their blood is pure and strong."The word lamia appears to have many connotations in folklore. She is sometimes associated with Adam's first wife, Lilith, in Jewish folklore. In Isaiah 34, "lilith" is translated as a screeching owl or night monster in many different translations. Most demonologists considered the lamia to be minor spirits who disturbed sleep in some way.

Leonard : Leonard It may be possible that this goat figure, Leonard, is related to the ritual described in Leviticus 16:8 concerning Azazel, or to the alleged deity of the Templars, the Baphomet/Goat of Mendes.

Leviathan : Leviathan Historical InfoThe Apocryphal Book of Enoch gives the following description of this monster's origins: 'And that day will two monsters be parted, one monster, a female named Leviathan in order to dwell in the abyss of the ocean over the fountains of water; and (the other), a male called Behemoth, which holds his chest in an invisible desert whose name is Dundayin, east of the garden of Eden.' - 1 Enoch 60:7-8Leviathan was a large whale-like sea creature, who may have had 7 heads according to some legends. A lengthy description of him comes from the "Book of Job": 'His strong scales are his pride, Shut up as with a tight seal. One is so near to another That no air can come between them. They are joined one to another; They clasp each other and cannot be separated. His sneezes flash forth light, And his eyes are like the eyelids of the morning. Out of his mouth go burning torches; Sparks of fire leap forth. Out of his nostrils smoke goes forth As from a boiling pot and burning rushes. His breath kindles coals, And a flame goes forth from his mouth. In his neck lodges strength, And dismay leaps before him. The folds of his flesh are joined together, Firm on him and immovable. His heart is as hard as a stone, Even as hard as a lower millstone. When he raises himself up, the mighty fear; Because of the crashing they are bewildered. The sword that reaches him cannot avail, Nor the spear, the dart or the javelin. He regards iron as straw, Bronze as rotten wood. The arrow cannot make him flee; Slingstones are turned into stubble for him. Clubs are regarded as stubble; He laughs at the rattling of the javelin. His underparts are like sharp potsherds; He spreads out like a threshing sledge on the mire. He makes the depths boil like a pot; He makes the sea like a jar of ointment. Behind him he makes a wake to shine; One would think the deep to be gray-haired. Nothing on earth is like him, One made without fear. He looks on everything that is high; He is king over all the sons of pride. Job 41:15-32

Lilith in the Hebrew Bible : Lilith in the Hebrew Bible Lilith in the Hebrew BibleThere is only one verse in the Hebrew Bible, Isaiah 34:14, that may be a reference to Lilith. "The desert creatures will meet with the wolves,The hairy goat also will cry to its kind;Yes, the night monster will settle there And will find herself a resting place."- from New American Bible with a footnote stating the Hebrew for "night monster" is "lilith" The problem with this passage is that this is the only time the word "lilith" is used in the entire Bible, so it is difficult to speculate whether or not this is actually referring to the Sumerian Lilith or just another creature in the context A passage in the Songs of the Sage (4Q510-11) of the Dead Sea Scrolls also mentions Liith in a context similar to Isaiah 34."And I, the Master, proclaim the magesty of his beauty to frighten and ter[rify] all the spirits of the destroying angels and the spirits of hte bastards, the demons, Lilith, the howlers (?) and [the yelpers...] they who strike suddenly to lead astray the spirit of understanding and to appal their heart and their... in the age of domination of wickedness..."- from Geza Vermes' translation, in Martinez's translation "Lilith" is pluralized.

Samael and Lilith: Counterparts to Adam and Eve : Samael and Lilith: Counterparts to Adam and Eve Rabbi Isaac ben Jacob ha-Kohen wrote in the second half of the 13th century in Spain. His treatise on evil was entitled "A Treatise on the Left Emanation". This work introduces Samael and Lilith as husband and wife, a concept which was then incorporated into later Kabbalistic demonology. "Truly I shall give you a hint, that the reason for all the jealousies which exist between the princes mentioned above, and the [other, good] princes which belong to the seven classes, the classes of the holy angels which are called 'the guardians of the walls,' the reason which evokes hatred and jealousy between the heavenly powers and the powers of the supreme host, is one form which is destined for Samael, and it is Lilith, and it has the image of a feminine form, and Samael is in the form of Adam and Lilith in the form of Eve. Both of them were born in a spiritual birth as one, similar to the form of Adam and Eve, like two pairs of twins, one above and one below. Samael and the Eve the Elder, which is called the Northern one, they are emanated from below the Throne of Glory, and this was caused by the Sin." - from Chap 6Rabbi Isaac then explains that when Adam and Eve sinned in the Garden, it caused two sexual awakening among the two pairs of "twins". This was the awakening in which the snake, either called Nahasiel or Gamliel, took part - the event that caused evil to become its own entity capable of expression.The question is then how did Samael and Lilith become paired together? Samael was an archangel of Rome and originally one of the fallen angels in the Book of Enoch. Lilith, on the other hand, was an ancient Near Eastern deity, who was mentioned in Isaiah 34:14, and is known as a danger to infants.

Lilith as Wife of Sammael : Lilith as Wife of Sammael Another text, dating from the 13th century, the Treatise on the Left Emanation, speaks of multiple Liliths, one as the consort of Sammael and the other is the consort of Asmodeus.In answer to your question concerning Lilith, I shall explain to you the essence of the matter. Concerning this point there is a received tradition from the ancient Sages who made use of the Secret Knowledge of the Lesser Palaces, which is the manipulation of demons and a ladder by which one ascends to the prophetic levels. In this tradition it is made clear that Samael and Lilith were born as one, similar to the form of Adam and Eve who were also born as one, reflecting what is above. This is the account of Lilith which was received by the Sages in the Secret Knowledge of the Palaces. The Matron Lilith is the mate of Samael. Both of them were born at the same hour in the image of Adam and Eve, intertwined in each other. Asmodeus the great king of the demons has as a mate the Lesser (younger) Lilith, daughter of the king whose name is Qafsefoni. The name of his mate is Mehetabel daughter of Matred, and their daughter is Lilith. This is the exact text of what is written in The Chapters of the Lesser Palaces as we have received it, word for word and letter for letter. And the scholars of this wisdom possess a very profound tradition from the ancients. They found it stated in those Chapters that Samael, the great prince of them all, grew exceedingly jealous of Asmodeus the king of the demons because of this Lilith who is called Lilith the Maiden (the young). She is in the form of a beautiful woman from her head to her waist. But from the waist down she is burning fire--like mother like daughter. She is called Mehetabel daughter of Matred, and the meaning is something immersed (mabu tabal). The meaning here is that her intentions are never for the good. She only seeks to incite wars and various demons of war and the war between Daughter Lilith and Matron Lilith. They say that from Asmodeus and his mate Lilith a great prince was born in heaven. He is the ruler of eighty thousand destructive demons and is called "the sword of king Asmodeus." His name is Alefpene'ash and His face burns like a raging fire ('esh). He is also called Gurigur, for he antagonizes and struggles with the prince of Judah, who is called Gur Aryeh Yehudah (Lion-cub of Judah). From the same form that gave birth to this war-demon another prince, a prince whose root is in Kingdom, was born in heaven. He is called "the sword of the Messiah." He too has two names: Meshihi'el and Kokhvi'el. When the time comes and when God wishes, this sword will leave its sheath and verses of prophecy will come True: "For My sword shall be drunk in the heavens; Lo, it shall come down upon Edom" (Isaiah 34:5). "A star rises from Jacob" (Numbers; 24:17). Amen. Soon in our days may we merit to see the face of the Messiah our righteous one; we and all our people....

Lix Tetrax : Lix Tetrax Lix Tetrax is the demon of the wind in the Testament of Solomon. The term Lix is a Greek term referring to the earth, while Tetrax refers to a four-season year. The name has been identified with the Ephesian name connected to the wind found on a tablet from Crete. Here, the demon describes his activities: "'I create divisions among men, I make whirlwinds, I start fires, I set fields on fire, and I make households non-functional. Usually, I carry on my activity in the summertime. If I get the chance, I slither in under the corners of houses during the night or day. I am the direct offspring of the Great One.'" - TSol 7:5It is not known who the Great One is. It is speculated to be a reference to Beelzeboul or even to the goddess Artemis, who was known as "The Great" and referenced by TSol in a later passage.When asked in which constellation the demon resides, he replied: "Toward the very tip of the horn of the moon when it is found in the South - There is my star. Therefore, I was assigned to draw out the fever, which strikes for a day and a half. As a result, many men, when they see (this), pray about the day-and-a-half fever, (invoking) these three names, 'Baltala, Thallal, Melchal,' and I heal them." - TSol 7:6Lix Tetrax is thwarted by the archangel Azael.

Lucifer - Isaiah 14:12 : Lucifer - Isaiah 14:12 "How art thou fallen from heaven, O Lucifer, son of the morning! [How] art thou cut down to the ground, which didst weaken the nations! "

Lucifer, Son of the Morning : Lucifer, Son of the Morning "How art thou fallen from heaven O day-star, son of the morning! (Helel ben Shahar) How art thou cast down to the ground, That didst cast lots over the nations!And thou saidst in thy heart: 'I will ascend into heaven,Above the stars of God (El) Will I exalt my throne;And I will sit upon the mount of meeting, In the ttermost parts of the north; I will ascend above the heights of the clouds; I will be like the Most High (Elyon).'Yet thou shalt be brought dow to the nether-world, To the uttermost parts of the pit.“ - Isaiah 14:12-15

Lucifer the Light Bearer : Lucifer the Light Bearer The name 'Lucifer' means light-bearer, and is not used in the New Testament, where the "bearer of light" is Christ. He was once one of the Seraphim (sometimes called the fiery, flying serpents).

Lucifer and Nebuchadrezzar : Lucifer and Nebuchadrezzar Later authors, such as St. Jerome, associate Ezekial 28:13-15 with Lucifer, the greatest of the fallen angels. It has been argued that this passage was actually addressed to Nebuchadrezzar. "You were in Eden, the garden of God; Every precious stone was your adornment: Carnelian, chrysolite, and Amethyst; Beryl, lapis lazuli, and jasper; Sapphire, turquoise, and emerald; And gold beautifully wrought for you, Mined for you, prepared the day you were created. I created you as a cherub With outstretched shielding wings; And you resided on God's holy mountain; You walked among stones of fire.You were blameless in your ways, From the day you were created Until Wrongdoing was found in you By your far-flung commerce You were filled with lawlessness And you sinned.So I have struck you down From the mountain of God, And I have destroyed you, O shielding cherub, From among the stones of fire."

Lucifer and Jesual : Lucifer and Jesual Later interpretations of the fall tell that Lucifer was upset because God the Father made Lucifer's brother, Jesual, the Son. From his head, he gave birth to Sin, and by copulating with her, fathered Death. He was then cast out of heaven.

Lucifer in Egypt and Babylon : Lucifer in Egypt and Babylon There are characters similar to Lucifer in other mythologies. In Egypt, there is a serpent god, Sata, whi is father of lightning and who likewise fell to earth. A Babylonian god, Zu, was also a lightning god who fell as a fiery flying serpent.

Mammon in the Bible : Mammon in the Bible In the Bible, "mammon" is not a demon but simply an Aramaic word meaning "wealth" or "property." Matthew states: No one can serve two masters. He will either hate one and love the other, or be devoted to one and despise the other. You cannot serve God and mammon. Matthew 6:24

Moloch : Moloch Moloch, the Abomination of the Children of Ammon Molech, whose name probably derived from Melech "king" and Bosheth, "shame", was one of the deities worshipped by the idolatrous Israelites. He was referred to as "the abomination of the children of Ammon" (1 Kings 11:7) and the primary means of worshipping him appears to be child sacrifice or "to pass through the fire." Solomon was said to have built a temple to him. "Then did Solomon build an high place for Chemosh, the abomination of Moab, in the hill that is before Jerusalem, and for Molech, the abomination of the children of Ammon." (1 Kings 11:7)Sacrificing children was not uncommon, but the practice died down around the time of Jeremiah when the King defiled Tophet, the place where Moloch was worshipped. "He also defiled Topheth, which is in the valley of the son of Hinnom, that no man might make his son or his daughter pass through the fire for Molech." (2 Kings 23:10)"For the sons of Judah have done that which is evil in My sight,' declares the LORD, "they have set their detestable things in the house which is called by My name, to defile it. They have built the high places of Topheth, which is in the valley of the son of Hinnom, to burn their sons and their daughters in the fire, which I did not command, and it did not come into My mind. Therefore, behold, days are coming,' declares the LORD, "when it will no longer be called Topheth, or the valley of the son of Hinnom, but the valley of the Slaughter; for they will bury in Topheth because there is no other place." (Jer 7: 30-32)Moloch has often been identified with Milcom, the god of the Ammonites. He was probably also identified with Baal, and as a sun or fire god, as he was also identified with the Assyrian/Babylonian "Malik", and at Palmyra "Malach-bel". Moloch is also identified with Baal Hammon in Carthaginian religion.

Man of sin - 2Thessalonians 2:3 : Man of sin - 2Thessalonians 2:3 "Let no man deceive you by any means: for [that day shall not come], except there come a falling away first, and that man of sin be revealed, the son of perdition; "

Murderer - John 8:44 : Murderer - John 8:44 "Ye are of [your] father the devil, and the lusts of your father ye will do. He was a murderer from the beginning, and abode not in the truth, because there is no truth in him. When he speaketh a lie, he speaketh of his own: for he is a liar, and the father of it."

Old serpent - Revelation 12:9, 20:2 : Old serpent - Revelation 12:9, 20:2 "And the great dragon was cast out, that old serpent, called the Devil, and Satan, which deceiveth the whole world: he was cast out into the earth, and his angels were cast out with him.” (Revelation 12:9) "And he laid hold on the dragon, that old serpent, which is the Devil, and Satan, and bound him a thousand years, " (Revelation 20:2)

Power of darkness - Colossians 1:13 : Power of darkness - Colossians 1:13 "Who hath delivered us from the power of darkness, and hath translated [us] into the kingdom of his dear Son: "

Power of death - Hebrews 2:14 : Power of death - Hebrews 2:14 "Forasmuch then as the children are partakers of flesh and blood, he also himself likewise took part of the same; that through death he might destroy him that had the power of death, that is, the devil; "

Prince of this world - John 12:31, 14:30, 16:11 : Prince of this world - John 12:31, 14:30, 16:11 "Now is the judgment of this world: now shall the prince of this world be cast out." (John 12:31) "Hereafter I will not talk much with you: for the prince of this world cometh, and hath nothing in me.” (John 14:30) "Of judgment, because the prince of this world is judged.” (John 16:11)

Prince of the power of the air - Ephesians 2:2 : Prince of the power of the air - Ephesians 2:2 "Wherein in time past ye walked according to the course of this world, according to the prince of the power of the air, the spirit that now worketh in the children of disobedience: "

Roaring lion - 1Peter 5:8 : Roaring lion - 1Peter 5:8 "Be sober, be vigilant; because your adversary the devil, as a roaring lion, walketh about, seeking whom he may devour: "

Ruler of darkness - Ephesians 6:12 : Ruler of darkness - Ephesians 6:12 "For we wrestle not against flesh and blood, but against principalities, against powers, against the rulers of the darkness of this world, against spiritual wickedness in high [places].”

Satan in the Old Testament : Satan in the Old Testament The name Satan is derived from a root meaning 'to oppose' or 'to be or to act as an adversary.' In some cases, he is not necessarily malevolent and he may have even been sent by the Lord to prevent worse harm (such as in Numbers). Examples of passages using this early interpretation include: "But God was incensed at his going; so an angel of the LORD placed himself in his was as an adversary [Hebrew: satan]" - Numbers 22:22 "He shall not march down with us to the battle, or else he may become an adversary [Heb: satan] in battle." - 1 Samuel 29:4"Appoint a wicked man over him; may an accuser [Heb: satan] stand at his right side. - Psalm 109:6 Satan possesses no real demonic qualities in the OT writings. He is mentioned as a distinct personality in 3 passages. These passages are thought to be post-exilic and are dated between 519 and 300 BCE. "He further showed me Joshua, the high priest, standing before the angel of the LORD, and Satan standing at his right to accuse him." - Zechariah 3:1 Here, "Satan" becomes an official title of a distinct personality, although in the Hebrew, the article before Satan indicates a common rather than a proper noun as "the satan". "One day the divine beings presented themselves before the LORD, and the satan (Heb: ha-satan) came along with them. The LORD said to the Adversary, 'Where have you been?' Satan answered the LORD, 'I have been roaming all over the earth.' The LORD said to Satan, "Have you noticed my servant Job?" - Job 1:6-8The Book of Job describes Job as a pious, God-fearing man who had many sons and daughters and was quite wealthy. One day, Satan asks God for permission to tempt Job to see just how loyal to God Job was. God granted Satan permission to do whatever he wanted, so long as he didn't take Job's life.Very soon, messengers informed Job that Sabeans have stole his oxen, lightning has killed his sheep, Chaldeans have stole his camels, and his sons and daughters were killed while dining in their oldest brother's home. When Job still wouldn't denounce God, Satan again asks permission to inflict Job with boils. He does, and Job is overcome with sorrow and grief. His friends try to console him and ask him to repent for surely he must have done something wicked for God to bestow such bad fortunes on him. Job swears he is innocent and asks God to explain. Finally, God answers, not by justifying his actions but by appealing to his own omniscience and power. Job is content with this and his trust in God is restored.In this passage, the Satan is the servant of God, whose job is not only to accuse man, but he also urges God to test Job. He does nothing without the permission of God. He appears along with the other 'ben Elohim' (sons of God) implying that he is one of the angel-ministers of Yahweh. Also, this passage shows that while he acts in accordance with God's permission, he seems as if he would be pleased if he could prove that Job wasn't as loyal to God as God claimed. Despite this, he remains an angel. (For a later version of this story, see Satan and the Testament of Job "Satan arose against Israel and incited David to number Israel." - 1 Chronicles 21:1 This passage is a later version of the passage in 2 Samuel 24:1 "The anger of the LORD again flared up against Israel; and He incited David against them, saying, 'Go and number Israel and Judah.'" While the author attributes the census to Satan, he insists that David was personally responsible for his actions and therefore guilty of breaking God's law. Satan's substitution for the Lord indicates that he was thought of as the destructive power of God.

Satan In Hellenistic Writings : Satan In Hellenistic Writings In the Greek translation of the Bible (the Septuagint) written in Alexandria, the word satan was translated as diabolos on many occasions. In Hebrew, satan simply means accuser. In the Greek as diabolos, the word obtained a negative connotation to mean false accuser or slanderer.

Satan in the Gospels : Satan in the Gospels In the New Testament, Satan emerges as the principle power of evil, although there are still traces of earlier powers of evil such as in the Synoptic gospels, Beelzebub, and in Paul's letters, Beliar (2 Cor 6:15). In Mark 3:22ff. the Scribes say of Jesus "'He is possessed by Beelzebub,' and 'By the prince of demons he drives out demons.'" Jesus then rebuts the statement by asking "How can Satan drive out Satan?" This rebuttal seems to identify Beelzebub with Satan, however it can be noted that there may be two concepts here with Jesus identifying Satan with the prince of demons and Beelzebub being a separate identity. Both Matthew 12:24 and Luke 11:15 specify Beelzebub as the prince of demons, however in Jesus' rebuttal, He mentions both Satan and Beelzebub, implying the two are identical terms. The first reference to Satan is in the temptation of Jesus. Mark says that Jesus was 'tempted of Satan,' while Matthew and Luke say that He was 'tempted of the devil.' (Mk 1:13, Mt 4:1-11, Lk 4:2-13) The terminology used throughout the NT generally consists of identifying Satan with the devil and the evil one. The parable of the sower demonstrates this. Mark 4:15 uses 'Satan,' while Luke 8:12 uses 'the devil,' and Matthew 13:19 uses 'the evil one.' This parable of how Satan comes and 'takes away the word which has been sown in them' (Mk 4:15) is very similar to the parable in the Book of Jubilees where the prince, Mastema (identified with Satan), sent ravens and other birds to devour the seed which had been sown. (11:11ff.) The Gospels speak of both demons and Satan as being able to possess an individual. An example of an evil spirit taking possession is the case of the woman who had a spirit of infirmity' for eighteen years, which was attributed to her being 'bound' by Satan (Lk 13:11ff.) Here, the condition of the woman is regarded as being caused by demon possession, with Satan as the chief of evil spirits. It is most often portrayed in the Gospels that when a demon takes possession of an individual, it is usually by force and the demonized are not regarded as willful sinners or as excessively wicked people. However, when Satan is said to enter into a person, the possession is not forceful, and the man is held accountable for allowing Satan to influence him. Examples include when Jesus addressed Peter by saying 'Get behind me, Satan.' (Mk 8:33, Mt 16:23) and in Luke 22:3 and John 13:2, which both portray the betrayal of Judas as an effect of Satan entering into Judas. Also, only a few passages in the Synoptic Gospels mention the final destruction of Satan. Luke 10:18 describes Jesus saying 'I beheld Satan fallen as lightning from heaven.' This may refer to either the original fall of Satan from heaven or it may imply that Jesus believed that the success of His disciples casting out demons could symbolize a complete overthrow of Satan. The most direct allusion in the Gospels is that found in Matthew 25:41 where at the last judgment, Jesus will say to the wicked 'Depart from me, you accursed, into the eternal fire prepared for the devil and his angels.'

Satan in Acts of the Apostles : Satan in Acts of the Apostles In the book of Acts, the terms, 'Satan' and 'the Devil' are used synonymously to portray the chief power of evil. Acts regards Satan as an instigator of falsehood and deceit in the story of Ananias and Sapphira (5:1ff) This agrees with the statement in John which says that the devil tells lies. "He was a murderer from the beginning and does not stand in truth, because there is no truth in him. When he tells a lie, he speaks in character because he is a liar and the father of lies. - John 8:44Acts also makes reference to Satan as the head of the kingdom of evil. When Paul spoke to king Agrippa, he told the king of how Jesus wanted him to preach to the Gentiles in order "to open their eyes, that they may turn from darkness to light, and from the power of Satan unto God" (26:18)

Satan : Satan Satan - 1Chronicles 21:1; Job 1:6; John 13:27; Acts 5:3, 26:18; Romans 16:20; Revelation 20:2 "And Satan stood up against Israel, and provoked David to number Israel.” (1Chronicles 21:1) "Now there was a day when the sons of God came to present themselves before the LORD, and Satan came also among them.” (Job 1:6) "And after the sop Satan entered into him. Then said Jesus unto him, That thou doest, do quickly. " (John 13:27) "But Peter said, Ananias, why hath Satan filled thine heart to lie to the Holy Ghost, and to keep back [part] of the price of the land?” (Acts 5:3) "To open their eyes, [and] to turn [them] from darkness to light, and [from] the power of Satan unto God, that they may receive forgiveness of sins, and inheritance among them which are sanctified by faith that is in me.” (Acts 26:18) "And the God of peace shall bruise Satan under your feet shortly. The grace of our Lord Jesus Christ [be] with you. Amen. " (Romans 16:20) "And he laid hold on the dragon, that old serpent, which is the Devil, and Satan, and bound him a thousand years, " (Revelation 20:2)

Shedim : Shedim In Babylonian and Assyrian religions, Shedim was a generic name like the Hebrew and Christian word 'spirit.' The word possibly derives from the root meaning 'to be violent.' They were frequently portrayed as winged bulls that guarded the entrances to temples. They can appear with an evil connotation in magical texts, like the following: "the evil spirit (Sedu, Heb.: Shed), the dazzlig fiend (alu, Sum.:galla), the evil wind, the assaulting wind, which strips off the clothing of the body as an evil demon, conjure, O spirit of heaven! conjure, O spirit of earth!"Or as a friendly spirit: "may the evil incubus depart; To another pace may he betake himself; may the propitious spirit (Sedu) (and) the propitious colossus rest upon his body..."In the OT, they seem to only have the evil connotation. Deuteronomy 32:17 says of them: "They sacrificed to demons [Hebrew: Shedim], no-gods, Gods they had never known, New ones, who came but lately, Who stirred not your fathers' fears."They are also mentioned in Psalms 106:37-38 "Their own sons and daughters, they sacrificed to demons [Hebrew: Shedim]. They shed innocent blood, the blood of their sons and daughters, whom they sacrificed to the idols of Canaan; so the land was polluted with bloodguilt."

Serpent - Genesis 3:4, 14; 2Corinthians 11:3; Revelation 20:2 : Serpent - Genesis 3:4, 14; 2Corinthians 11:3; Revelation 20:2 "And the serpent said unto the woman, Ye shall not surely die: . . . And the LORD God said unto the serpent, Because thou hast done this, thou [art] cursed above all cattle, and above every beast of the field; upon thy belly shalt thou go, and dust shalt thou eat all the days of thy life: " (Genesis 3:4, 14) "But I fear, lest by any means, as the serpent beguiled Eve through his subtlety, so your minds should be corrupted from the simplicity that is in Christ.” (2Corinthians 11:3) "And he laid hold on the dragon, that old serpent, which is the Devil, and Satan, and bound him a thousand years, " (Revelation 20:2)

Son of perdition - John 17:12 : Son of perdition - John 17:12 "While I was with them in the world, I kept them in thy name: those that thou gavest me I have kept and none of them is lost, but the son of perdition; that the scripture might be fulfilled.”

Tempter - Matthew 4:3; 1Thessalonians 3:5 : Tempter - Matthew 4:3; 1Thessalonians 3:5 "And when the tempter came to him, he said, If thou be the Son of God, command that these stones be made bread.” (Matthew 4:3) "For this cause, when I could no longer forbear, I sent to know your faith, lest by some means the tempter has tempted you, and our labour be in vain.” (1Thessalonians 3:5)

Thief - John 10:10 : Thief - John 10:10 "The thief cometh not, but for to steal, and to kill, and to destroy: I am come that they might have life, and that they might have [it] more abundantly.”

Watchers in the Old Testament : Watchers in the Old Testament "When men began to increase on earth and daughters were born to them, the divine beings saw how beautiful the daughters of men were and took wives from among those that pleased them. The LORD said, 'My breath shall not abide in man forever, since he too is flesh; let the days allowed him be one hundred and twenty years.' It was then, and later too, that the Nephilim appeared on earth - when the divine beings cohabited with the daughters of men, who bore them offspring. They were the heroes of old, the men of renown." - Genesis 6:1-4This is the only account of the watchers in the Bible. Isaiah 14:12-15 talks of the fall of the "day-star, son of morning," which implies that there was a revolt, and the "day-star" was cast into the abyss, but this may be a reference to early Canaanite or Phoenician myths. One other possible reference is Psalm 82.God standeth in the Congregation of God (El) In the midst of gods (elohim) He judgeth All the foundations of the earth are moved. I said: Ye are gods,And all of you sons of the Most High (Elyon) Nevertheles ye shall die like men, And fall like one of the princes (sarim) Psalm 82:1, 5-7 The parts of the Psalm I have left out are the parts that refer to wicked earthly rulers, but it is agreed upon by many scholars that this part of the Psalm refers to the fallen angels. While Genesis 6 tells that angels married women, it does not condemn this as a sin. Psalm 82 tells that the elohim sinned, but does not tell how (i.e. it does not mention that they married women). Some rabbis have speculated that the angels' sin was to reproduce. Certain passages in Jewish Midrash talk of how angels are immortal and do not need to reproduce. Since humans are not, they must reproduce in order to achieve immortality in their descendents.

Wicked one - Matthew 13:19, 38 : Wicked one - Matthew 13:19, 38 “When any one heareth the word of the kingdom, and understandeth [it] not, then cometh the wicked [one], and catcheth away that which was sown in his heart. This is he which received seed by the way side. . . . The field is the world; the good seed are the children of the kingdom; but the tares are the children of the wicked [one]; "

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