computer dimnstration

Slide 1 : ¾ŸKL ¨[Ç ›Ãc=+ T°ŸM ¾eMÖ“ T”ªM

Slide 2 : First of all we define what computer is ?Computer is an electrical machine that can be instructed to accept, process, strore &present information. Types of computers Computers that can be divided into four groups depending on their cost, processing power (processor speed & memory capacity) and size. 1/ SUPER COMPUTER They are the fastest computer that have the highst processing power & they are very expensive. They have big in size They use in space technology ,performing complex

matmatical computations, for intercontental communication & scintific research. : matmatical computations, for intercontental communication & scintific research. They are multi users 2/ MAINFRAME COMPUTERS They are the fastest computer next to super computers They are less costly, smaller in size,& processing power. They are used in networking environment They are multi user machines.

3/ MINI COMPUTERS : 3/ MINI COMPUTERS They are less costly as main frame computers They are smaller processing power than main frame computers They are multi user machines 4/ MICRO COMPUTERS They are also called PERSONAL COMPUTERS or DESKTOP COMPUTERS which are used in office or in home. They are single user machines E.g. micro computers include Lap top , Desk top computers etc.

Characteristics of computers : Characteristics of computers 1/ Speed :- computers can process millions of instructions in a very short period of time. 2/ Storage :- computers can store & process huge amount of data in very small space. 3/ Accuracy :- computers never make a mistakes. They process data accurately & hence they are reliable. 4/ Versatility :- computers can used for verities of tasks.

The computers is basically composed of two equally important components called : The computers is basically composed of two equally important components called HARD WARE & SOFT WARE Hard ware :- is the physical component of the computer that can see & touch. For e.g. key board, mause, printer, monitor etc. Soft ware :- is the set of programs that the hard ware follows to form it’s task. HARD WARE is divided in to four groups 1/ INPUT UNIT 2/ PROCESSING UNIT 3/ OUT PUT UNIT 4/ STORAGE UNIT

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1/ INPUT UNIT : 1/ INPUT UNIT It is used to enter data to the memory of the computer for processing. E.g. keyboard,mause,scanner,digital camera, microphones disk drives etc. Keyboard :- is mostly used input davice which contains letters of the alphabets,numbers, & frequently used symbols. Mause :- is a hand oprated device used to input data instractions from the storage media of the computer system. Scanner :- is one of the input device that enter graphic images in to the computer. Digital camera :- are used to enter photos & videos to the memory of the computer for processing.

2/ PROCESSING UNIT : 2/ PROCESSING UNIT The main processing unit is the microprocessor of the computer called CPU /central processing unit/ It is responsible for the manipulation of the input data in the memory. CPU has two main parts :- 1/ ALU/Arithmetic & Logical unit/ 2/ control unit

1/ALU /Arthematic & Logical Unit/ : 1/ALU /Arthematic & Logical Unit/ It is responsible for mathematical computation & Logical decisions. i.e. it performs addition,subtraction,division,multiplication & logical computations. 2/ Control unit - is used to control the over all flow of the data in the computer is done under the knowledge of the control unit. - it some times called the brain or heart of the CPU.

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3/ OUT PUT UNIT : 3/ OUT PUT UNIT It is used to provide the processed data & instruction from the main memory to the user.e.g. monitor,printer,disk drives,speakers etc. Computers & storage devices 1/ STORAGE UNIT/MEMORY UNIT/ It is used to store data in the computer ,there are two types of storage or memory units. A/ primary memory B/ secondary memory A/ primery memory It is also divided in to two parts

1/ RAM /Random Access Memory/ : 1/ RAM /Random Access Memory/ It is used to store data that is being processed by the CPU. when we opened progerammes & input data the data & the programme will be stored in the RAM. It is also called TEMPORARY MEMORY or VOLATILE MEMORY because the data stored will be lost if electric power fails accidentally. 2/ ROM /Read Only Memory/ it is read only ,that is the information can’t be changed or altered till the life of the computer. The information will not be lost even if the power fails accidentally due to it is called NON-VOLATILE MEMORY.

Secondary memory : Secondary memory They are also called auxilary memory.this type of memory is used to store data permanently in the computer. Secondary memories can store huge amount of data for along period of time without the presence of electric power. E.g. hard disks, floppy disks, compact disks, flash disks etc.

SOFT WARES : SOFT WARES There are two types of soft ware 1/SYSTEM SOFT WARE 2/ APPLICATION SOFT WARE 1/ SYSTEM SOFT WARE It is a soft ware that is used to control & interact with the computer system. 2/ APPLICATION SOFT WARE It is used to perform specific task in the computer It is specialized soft ware designed for different tasks. E.g. ms-word, ms-excel, ms-power point etc.

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INTERNATE & NETWORKING : INTERNATE & NETWORKING Networking :- is a system composed of interconnected computers. Advantages of Networking Speeding the transmission of information It facilitates sharing of resources Cheaper than manual system of transmitting information. Types of Networking There are mostly two type of networking these are LAN /LOCAL AREA NETWORK/ WAN /WIDE AREA NETWORK/

1/ LAN/ LOCAL AREA NETWORK/ : 1/ LAN/ LOCAL AREA NETWORK/ It is a network confined to a limite area on a single building or complex building on the the same compound. 2/ WAN/WIDE AREA NETWORK/ it is a network that communicates over a long distance such as across city, even around the world.

Comparision of LAN & WAN : Comparision of LAN & WAN

Communication channels of Networking is that:- : Communication channels of Networking is that:- 1/ TWISTED PAIR WIRE - 2 copper insulated wires twisted & covered by plastic cover. - it is the ordinary telephone line - cost is less - Data transmition speed is 1 million bits per second

2/ CO-AXIAL CABLE : 2/ CO-AXIAL CABLE It is consists a single insulated wire at the center The wire is surrounded by wire mesh It is covered by a plastic cover Data transmission speed is 10 million bits per second.

3/ FIBER- OPTIC CABLE : 3/ FIBER- OPTIC CABLE It consists of a tin strand of glass Data is transmitted through this is in the form of light It is covered by a plastic cover Data transmission speed is 100 million bits per second.

4/ WIRELESS LINKS : 4/ WIRELESS LINKS Radio waves or microwaves are used to transmit data Satelites are used for long distance Cost is high.

INTERNET : INTERNET It is the network of networks distributed all over the world. Advantage of internet To get information To provide information To compile information Uses of Internet 1/ WWW /to share documents/ 2/ E-MAIL /to exchange text message/ 3/ FTP / to Upload & Download files from& to the internet /

Each document in the web is called WEB PAGE : Each document in the web is called WEB PAGE Collections of related web pages is called WEBSITE. First page of awebsite is called HOME PAGE The computer reading the web pages from the server is called WEB CLIENTS.

The diference b/n dawnloading and uploading is that :- : The diference b/n dawnloading and uploading is that :- UPLOADING means the transforming of data or any thing from personal computer to the web server. DAWNLOADING means the process of transfering information from web server to the users computer. Web server is a powerful computer that contains the web pages. - one web server hosts one or more websites - it should be 24 hours online.

Slide 27 : Web browsers:- u›=”}`’@ƒ }ÖnT>­‹“ uWWW S"ŸM ¾TÑ“–ƒ }Óv` ÁK¨< fõƒ«` ’¨<:: Browsing means the searching of information on the internet. Browser is a programme used to contact web server & get the information for the user. and it displays the web pages on the user screen. u«w w^¨<²`e ›T"˜’ƒ ¾T>Ÿ}K<ƒ” ¾Ç ¯Ã’„‹ SKª¨Ø ÉLM:- - ¾êG<õ - ¾UeM - ¾ÉUê - Ó^ò¡e ¨²}... E.g. internet explorer, mozilla fire fox, maxthon,opra, etc.

Slide 28 : Search Engine :- u›=”}`’@ƒ ¾T>ðKѨ<” S[Í ŸWWW ¨ÁÑ“˜ Sd]Á ’¨<:: E.g. Google.com,Yahoo.com,Hotmail.com, Altavista.com,Langoo.com

Web page /ÉI[-Ñî/ :- uWWW ¨Ñ–<ƒ Ê¡S”„‹ ›’e}—¨< ¾›=”ö`T@i” ›"M ’¨<:: : Web page /ÉI[-Ñî/ :- uWWW ¨Ñ–<ƒ Ê¡S”„‹ ›’e}—¨< ¾›=”ö`T@i” ›"M ’¨<::

Slide 30 : ¾ŸKL ¨[Ç ›Ãc=+ T°ŸM }ðìS 2000 ¯.U