Slide 1 : APT ACADEMIC SOLUTIONS believes in people who will deliver the right solutions, and it proudly possesses them.
Dr. Pankaj KumarDirector – Apt Academic Solutions : Dr. Pankaj KumarDirector – Apt Academic Solutions Your Mentor
Session Objective : Session Objective Meristimatic Tissue
Permanent Tissue
Tissue System
Dicot & Monocot Stem
Dicot & Monocot Root
Secondary Growth
Slide 4 : Types of meristems according to location in plant Apical Meristem:
Tips of stems and roots
Growth in length
Lateral Meristem:
Around the outer edge of stems and roots
Produce growth in circumference
Two types:
Vascular cambium
Cork cambium
Intercalary Meristem:
Located in between the regions of permanent tissues
Slide 5 :
Characteristics of the apical meristem in stem: : Characteristics of the apical meristem in stem: The apical bud of the stem encloses the shoot apex. It helps in the growth of the stem and formation of leaves.
During flowering, the shoot apex produces floral structures.
Shoot apex consists of two layers: Tunica and Corpus.
Slide 7 :
Slide 8 : Axillary bud and terminal bud are derived from the activity of
AICBSE-PMT, 2000 lateral meristem
intercalary meristem
apical meristem
parenchyma Illustrative Problem
Slide 9 : Complex permanent tissues A group of more than one type of cells having common origin and functioning together as a unit Xylem: Straw-like tubes conducting water and minerals upward in a plant
Phloem: Straw-like tubes conducting food downward in a plant
Slide 10 : Xylem Components of xylem:
Tracheids
Vessels
Xylem fibres (wood fibres)
Xylem parenchyma
Slide 11 : Vessels are found in
AICBSE-PMT, 2002 Illustrative Problem all angiosperms and some gymnosperms
most of the angiosperms and few gymnosperms
all angiosperms, all gymnosperms and some pteridophytes
all pteridophytes
Phloem : Phloem Components of phloem:
a. Sieve elements
b. Companion cells
c. Phloem parenchyma
d. Phloem fibres
Epidermal tissue system : Epidermal tissue system Outermost covering of plant organs
Consists of
a.Epidermal
b.Cuticle and wax
c.Stomata
d.Trichomes
i.Hair
ii.Scales
iii.Colleters
iv.Bladders
Slide 14 : Cotton is
Delhi-PMT, 2002 epidermal tissue system
vascular tissue system
meristematic tissue system
ground tissue system Illustrative Problem
Ground tissue system : Ground tissue system Ground tissue system=All tissues-(Epidermal tissue system+Vascular tissues)
Distinct region:
a.Hypodermis
b.Cortex
c.Endodermis
d.Pericycle
e.Medullary rays
f.Pith
Slide 16 : Casparian strips are present in
Delhi-PMT, 2000 cortex
epidermis
endodermis
hypodermis Illustrative Problem
Types of vascular bundles : Types of vascular bundles 1. Radial
2. Conjoint
3. Collateral
4. Bicollateral
5. Concentric
a.Amphivasal
b.Amphicribal
6. Open vascular bundle
7. Closed vascular bundles
8. Medullary bundles
9. Cortical bundles
Position of protoxylem in relation to metaxylem : Position of protoxylem in relation to metaxylem 1. Exarch
2. Endarch
3. Mesarch
Slide 19 : Four radial vascular bundles are found in
AICBSE-PMT, 2002 dicot root
monocot root
dicot stem
monocot stem Illustrative Problem
Slide 20 :
Slide 21 :
Slide 22 :
Secondary growth in dicot roots : Secondary growth in dicot roots Initiation and activity of two secondary meristems
a. Vascular cambium
b. Cork cambium (phellogen)
Initiation and activity of vascular cambium : Initiation and activity of vascular cambium Initiation of vascular cambium strips
Secondary xylem elements
Secondary phloem
Cambia derived join with cambial strips to form a complete ring
Multiseriate vascular rays
Initiation and activity of cork cambium : Initiation and activity of cork cambium Addition of more tissues of secondary xylem and secondary phloem
Roots develop cork cambium
Cells of cork cambium divide to form cells of cork (Phellem) and secondary cortex (Phelloderm)
Formation of periderm
Slide 26 : Procambium forms
Delhi-PMT, 2002 cork cambium
vascular tissue
vascular cambium
intercalary meristem Illustrative Problem
Secondary growth in dicot stem : Secondary growth in dicot stem 1. Formation of vascular cambium
2. Activity of vascular cambium
3. Formation of secondary xylem and secondary phloem
4. Formation of secondary medullary rays
5. Formation of annual rings
6. Heart wood and sap wood
7. Formation of periderm
Secondary growth in dicot stem : Secondary growth in dicot stem
Secondary growth in dicot stem : Secondary growth in dicot stem
Slide 30 : The periderm includes
Delhi-PMT, 2001 cork
cambium
secondary phloem
All of these Illustrative Problem
Heart wood and sap wood : Heart wood and sap wood Heart wood Sap wood
Central portion a. Outer young part
Non-functional b. Functional
Tyloses present c. Tyloses absent
Dark coloured d. Light coloured
Slide 32 : As a tree grows older, which of the following increases more rapidly in thickness
Delhi-PMT, 2001 phloem
cortex
heart wood
sap wood Illustrative Problem
Slide 33 : Roots containing nitrogen-fixing bacteria (Rhizobium) are assimilatory roots
nodulated roots
photosynthetic roots
nodulose roots Class test
Slide 34 : Additional mechanical support is provided by prop roots which are found in banyan tree
Rhizophora
maize
Both (a) and (b) Class test