Slide 1 : Ruchi Sharma ruchisharma1701@gmail.com http://www.wiziq.com/tutor-profile/376074-Ruchi ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE (AI)
&
EXPERT SYSTEMS
Ruchi Sharma
ruchisharma1701@gmail.com
Slide 2 : Contents Intelligence – The integral part of AI
Artificial Intelligence – General Idea
AI – Some Applications
Knowledge – Formal definitions
Knowledge - Meaning
Knowledge – Types
Expert Systems - Concept
Expert Systems – Properties
Building Expert Systems – Knowledge Engineering Ruchi Sharma ruchisharma1701@gmail.com http://www.wiziq.com/tutor-profile/376074-Ruchi
Slide 3 : Intelligence – The integral part of AI Intelligence, in general, is a blend of
the ability to learn quickly
the ability to exercise thought and reason
the ability to plan, solve problems, think abstractly and comprehend complex ideas
the ability to acquire, understand, retain and apply knowledge
the knowledge we acquire through experience, perception, imagination and activities as reading, writing etc. Ruchi Sharma ruchisharma1701@gmail.com http://www.wiziq.com/tutor-profile/376074-Ruchi
Slide 4 : Artificial Intelligence – General Idea AI aims at
programming computers to behave intelligently
making the computers capable of
learning new concepts & tasks
reason & draw useful conclusions about the real world situations and/or things
understand a natural language
observe and/or understand a given situation
exhibit human type intelligent behaviour as and when required Ruchi Sharma ruchisharma1701@gmail.com http://www.wiziq.com/tutor-profile/376074-Ruchi
Slide 5 : Artificial Intelligence – Some Applications AI finds application in
Medicine – diagnosing, prescribing treatment and monitoring patient response
Planning and scheduling – commercial tasks as scheduling of flights, personnel, manufacturing process planning etc
Finance – to detect fraud (as in case of credit cards) & analyzing risk and/or advising for financial transactions
Transportation – features as automatic gearboxes in automobiles Ruchi Sharma ruchisharma1701@gmail.com http://www.wiziq.com/tutor-profile/376074-Ruchi
Slide 6 : Knowledge can be defined as
Acquaintance with facts, truths or principles as acquired from study or investigation
Expertise and skill acquired through experience or education
Acquisition of facts and information
Body of accumulated facts and principles Knowledge – Formal definitions Ruchi Sharma ruchisharma1701@gmail.com http://www.wiziq.com/tutor-profile/376074-Ruchi
Slide 7 : Knowledge is having a familiarity with language, concepts, procedures, rules, ideas, abstractions, places, customs, facts and associations, coupled with an ability to use* these notions effectively in different aspects of world.
* - The ability to use the facts is the most important aspect as without this, the acquired concepts are of no use. Knowledge – meaning Ruchi Sharma ruchisharma1701@gmail.com http://www.wiziq.com/tutor-profile/376074-Ruchi
Slide 8 : Knowledge - Types Knowledge can be categorized broadly into three types :
Procedural - compiled knowledge related to the performance of a task. e.g. – steps to solve an algebraic equation
Declarative – passive knowledge expressed as statements of facts. e.g. – employee data stored in a company’s database
Heuristic – strategies/tricks/rules of thumb acquired with experience & used to simplify the solutions of problems Ruchi Sharma ruchisharma1701@gmail.com http://www.wiziq.com/tutor-profile/376074-Ruchi
Slide 9 : Expert Systems - Concept Expert system is a system that depends on a rich base of knowledge & possess expert inference capability in a particular domain to perform difficult task(s)
An expert system has two principle parts
Knowledge base(KB) – contains both factual and heuristic knowledge
Inference-control unit – a collection of inference programs to use the knowledge contained in the KB & draw conclusions Ruchi Sharma ruchisharma1701@gmail.com http://www.wiziq.com/tutor-profile/376074-Ruchi
Slide 10 : Expert Systems - Properties An expert system
tries to simulate human reasoning capability about a specific domain
use knowledge rather than data to control the solution process
is capable of explaining how a particular conclusion was reached Ruchi Sharma ruchisharma1701@gmail.com http://www.wiziq.com/tutor-profile/376074-Ruchi
Slide 11 : Building Expert Systems – Knowledge Engineering A knowledge engineer builds an expert system. The engineer need to
Choose one or more forms in which to represent the required knowledge. The common knowledge representation schemes are
Semantic nets
Frames
Predicate logic
Rule based systems
Choose a number of reasoning or inference methods that the expert system can use while delivering the output Ruchi Sharma ruchisharma1701@gmail.com http://www.wiziq.com/tutor-profile/376074-Ruchi
Slide 12 : Thank You Ruchi Sharma ruchisharma1701@gmail.com http://www.wiziq.com/tutor-profile/376074-Ruchi