Contribution from Natural Sources of Aerosol Particles to PM in Canada : Contribution from Natural Sources of Aerosol Particles to PM in Canada Task Force on Measurements and Modelling
TFMM 6th Meeting, Zagreb, Croatia
4th – 7th April 2005 Sunling Gong
Meteorological Service of Canada Meteorological Service of Canada
Environment Canada
Acknowledgement : Acknowledgement CWS – Canada Wide Standard for partial financial support of this project.
Slide3 : Natural Components
Slide4 : Source Functions Sea-salt
Soil dust
BC/OC
Bio-mass burning
Biogenic SOA
DMS - Sulphate
Slide5 : Ideal Threshold Friction Velocity Marticorena and Bergametti [1995] Source – Soil Dust
Slide6 : Threshold Friction Velocity Roughness Marticorena and Bergametti [1995] Soil Moisture Fécan et al. [1999] Source – Soil Dust
Slide7 : Horizontal and Vertical Fluxes r < 20 mm Marticorena and Bergametti [1995] Source – Soil Dust
Parameters Needed : Parameters Needed Soil Features
Roughness
Texture (size distribution)
Composition
Land use
Meteorology
Wind speed
Soil moisture Source – Soil Dust
Slide9 : Source – Sea-salt By two mechanisms: [Monahan et al. 1986, Gong 2004]
Slide10 : Global Budgets for the 1980s Biomass Burning Fossil Fuels3 Natural Sources1 Savannas1
Tropical forests1
Boreal & temperate vegetation fires2
Agricultural fires1
Domestic fuels1 2.17
1.93
0.33
0.53
1.00 15.5
16.6
5.9
3.1
9.3 7.8 9.4 5.10 TOTAL _ B.C.
(Tg year-1) P.O.M.
(Tg year-1)
11.06 67.6 1Liousse et al. (1996), 2Lavoué et al. (2000), 3Cooke et al. (1999) 5.96 50.4 Source – Bio-Mass Burning
Slide11 : Boreal Forest Fire Emissions, 1998 Source – BC/OC
Slide12 : Black Carbon, Canada 30% Source – BC/OC
Slide13 : 90% Particulate Organic Carbon, Canada Source – BC/OC
NARCM : NARCM NCEP
Aerosol Mass Balance : Aerosol Mass Balance ¶c ¶ ¶c ¶ ¶c ¶ ¶c ¶ ¶c ¶ ¶c ¶ ¶c ¶ ij ij TRANSPORT ij SURFACE ij CLEAR AIR ij DRY ij IN CLOUD ij BELOW CLOUDS t t t t t t t = + + + + + - - Gong et al. 2003, JGR
CAM: A Size Segregated Simulation of Atmospheric Aerosol Processes for Climate and Air Quality Models
1. Module Development
Slide16 : 1998 – BC/OC from biomass only
2001 – spring with all sources Results
Slide17 : Results – Dust Aerosols
Slide18 : Results – Soil Dust
Slide19 : POM Concentrations
Slide20 : Results – BC
Slide21 : Canadian Fires, 1998 Organic Matter Summertime Concentrations Surface concentration (ng.m-3) Column loading (ug.m-2) Results –OC
Slide22 : Sulphate - May 1998
Slide23 : Sulphate - Aug 1998
Slide24 : OC/Sulphate Ratio May 1998
Slide25 : OC/Sulphate Ratio Aug 1998
Slide26 : BC/Sulphate Ratio May 1998
Slide27 : BC/Sulphate Ratio Aug 1998
Slide28 : Results – Sea-salt Sea-salt to PM in East
Canada – 2001 Spring % mg m-3
Slide29 : Results – Sea-salt Sea-salt to PM in West Canada – 2001 Spring mg m-3 %
Slide30 : Other Natural Aerosols DMS (Oceanic & Land)
DMS+OH SO2 H2SO4
Biogenic Emission
Secondary Organic Aerosol (SOA)
Volcanoes
SO2 and sulphate
Slide31 : Interannual Variations – Soil Dust
Slide32 : Black Carbon, Canada 30% Interannual Variations – Bio-Mass
Slide33 : 90% Interannual Variations – Bio-Mass Particulate Organic Carbon, Canada
Slide34 : Multiyear simulation – more scenarios
High and low contributions
Large domain – including Sahara desert
Comparison with observations
Separate natural and anthropogenic simulations
Multi-frame work
GEM/AQ, AURAMS, ….
Future Work
Slide35 : A frame work for studying the contributions of natural aerosols to the background PM in Canada has been established.
Seal-salt and bio-mass burning contribute substantially to the background PM depending on time and locations.
Summary - 1
Slide36 : Natural contributions have a large interannual variations.
More simulations should been done to characterize the variations of these contributions as well as other natural components. Summary - 2