Slide 1 : PRE-PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS
Ruchi Sharma
ruchisharma1701@gmail.com Ruchi Sharma ruchisharma1701@gmail.com http://www.wiziq.com/tutor-profile/376074-Ruchi
Slide 2 : Contents Computers and Us – Layman’s Outlook
The Communication Gap
How to communicate
Programming Language – The Concept
Important terms
Problem Solving – Requisites
Understanding Logic : Algorithms
Understanding Logic : Flowcharts Ruchi Sharma ruchisharma1701@gmail.com http://www.wiziq.com/tutor-profile/376074-Ruchi
Slide 3 : Computers & Us – Layman’s Outlook A computer does almost all the tedious jobs for us today.
It doesn’t have a mind of its own.
Consequently, it needs to be instructed to do a specific job in a specific manner. Ruchi Sharma ruchisharma1701@gmail.com http://www.wiziq.com/tutor-profile/376074-Ruchi
Slide 4 : The Communication Gap ! As a computer needs to be instructed for every single task it does for us, there comes a problem
It doesn’t understand any human-friendly commonly used languages (as english).
We don’t understand its’ language either ! Ruchi Sharma ruchisharma1701@gmail.com http://www.wiziq.com/tutor-profile/376074-Ruchi
Slide 5 : How to communicate ? Because of the communication gap, there arise a need for something that can patch up for this gap so that we are comfortable giving instructions to the computer in an English-like language & the computer is able to understand it & serve us accordingly.
This “something”, that caters to both the user & the computer is called a “programming language”. Ruchi Sharma ruchisharma1701@gmail.com http://www.wiziq.com/tutor-profile/376074-Ruchi
Slide 6 : Programming Language – The Concept A “Programming Language” is usually a high level language having a number of keywords and syntaxes which can be used to write a program. Some examples include :
C/C++
JAVA
COBOL
Pascal
ADA Ruchi Sharma ruchisharma1701@gmail.com http://www.wiziq.com/tutor-profile/376074-Ruchi
Slide 7 : Important terms Program : A program is an organized set of instructions given to the computer to solve a problem.
High Level Language :
It is the language in which we write a program to instruct the computer.
It is more user friendly as it is mostly an english-like language. Ruchi Sharma ruchisharma1701@gmail.com http://www.wiziq.com/tutor-profile/376074-Ruchi
Slide 8 : Keywords : These are the reserved words in a programming language and have special meanings.
Syntax : It is a set of predefined rules for writing a program. Important terms (Contd.) Ruchi Sharma ruchisharma1701@gmail.com http://www.wiziq.com/tutor-profile/376074-Ruchi
Slide 9 : Problem Solving -Requisites We need a programming language to communicate with the computer.
We need to tell it how to solve a problem. This means we need to write a program which it would use in solving the problem. This corresponds to logic in the computer jargon. Ruchi Sharma ruchisharma1701@gmail.com http://www.wiziq.com/tutor-profile/376074-Ruchi
Slide 10 : Understanding Logic : Algorithms Algorithm: An algorithm has
A finite number of steps to solve a problem.
These steps are organized systematically.
Let us now take an example from everyday life for writing an algorithm. Ruchi Sharma ruchisharma1701@gmail.com http://www.wiziq.com/tutor-profile/376074-Ruchi
Slide 11 : An example Algorithm Algorithm for making a phone call.
Step 1 : Start.
Step 2 : Dial the number.
Step 3 : If the phone does not ring, go back to step 2. If it rings, continue.
Step 4 : Talk and hang up.
Step 5: Stop. Ruchi Sharma ruchisharma1701@gmail.com http://www.wiziq.com/tutor-profile/376074-Ruchi
Slide 12 : Understanding Logic : Flowcharts Flowchart: A flowchart is a pictorial representation of an algorithm. There are certain symbols that are used in the flow charts.
- shows a start/stop action.
- shows input/output action.
- shows calculation/processing.
- shows a decision and its outputs. Ruchi Sharma ruchisharma1701@gmail.com http://www.wiziq.com/tutor-profile/376074-Ruchi
Slide 13 : An Example Flowchart The flowchart on the right hand side corresponds to the algorithm explained earlier. Ruchi Sharma ruchisharma1701@gmail.com http://www.wiziq.com/tutor-profile/376074-Ruchi
Slide 14 : Thank You Ruchi Sharma ruchisharma1701@gmail.com http://www.wiziq.com/tutor-profile/376074-Ruchi