Computer Organization : Computer Organization
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Slide 3 : Computer Organization refers to the level of abstraction above the digital logic level, but below the operating system level.
At this level, the major components are functional units or subsystems that correspond to specific pieces of hardware built from the lower level building blocks described in the previous module.
Slide 4 : Computer architecture comprises at least three main subcategories:
* Instruction set architecture, or ISA, is the abstract image of a computing system that is seen by a machine language (or assembly language) programmer, including the instruction set, memory address modes, processor registers, and address and data formats.
* Micro architecture, also known as Computer organization is a lower level, more concrete and detailed, description of the system that involves how the constituent parts of the system are interconnected and how they interoperate in order to implement the ISA. The size of a computer's cache for instance, is an organizational issue that generally has nothing to do with the ISA.
* System Design which includes all of the other hardware components within a computing system such as:
1. system interconnects such as computer buses and switches
2. memory controllers and hierarchies
3. CPU off-load mechanisms such as direct memory access.
4. issues like multi-processing.
Slide 5 : Five major subsystems: 1. Memory 2. Input3. Output 4. Arithmetic-logic unit (ALU) 5. Control unit
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Slide 7 :
RAM : RAM
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2D memory organization : 2D memory organization
Overall Ram Organization : Overall Ram Organization
Machine Instructions Representation : Machine Instructions Representation Each instruction is represented by a unique binary string made up of fields:
opcode field: a few bits representing what type of instructions it is; e.g., ADD, SUBTRACT, COMPARE, JUMP, ...
operand fields: bits representing one or more register numbers or a memory address where operands are to be found and/or results are to be stored.