Diabetes : Diabetes U.S.-Mexico Border Diabetes Project Pan American Health Organization
U.S. Mexico Border
Field Office
(915) 845-5950
decosio@fep.paho.org/ruizrosa@fep.paho.org
Diabetes definition : Diabetes definition Metabolic disorder of multiple etiology (causes) characterized by hyperglycemia with carbohydrates, fat, and protein metabolic alterations that result in defects in the secretion of insulin, its action or both.
What is diabetes? : What is diabetes? The majority of intake of food is converted into glucose.
The pancreas produces the insulin hormone, which help the organism to take advantage of glucose.
In persons with diabetes, the insulin does not work. Therefore, the sugar and the fat increase in the blood.
Symptoms of diabetes : Symptoms of diabetes Polyuria (urinating frequently)
Polydipsia (very thirsty)
Weight loss
Other diabetes symptoms : Other diabetes symptoms Continuos hunger
Fatigue
Dry skin
Frequent infections
Feet ulceration
Loss of sensibility in inferior extremities (legs)
Erectile dysfunction
Types of diabetes : Types of diabetes Type 1
No production of insulin
Initiates in childhood or adolescence
Type 2
Deficient production or improper utilization of insulin
Generally initiates after 30 years of age
Slide 7 : Risk factors
Risk factors : Risk factors Family history of diabetes
Older than 30 years of age
Lack of physical activity
Sedentarism ( person with little or no physical activity)
Poor diet
Excessive weight
Risk factors : Risk factors Lack of knowledge on the disease
No health care access
Consumption of alcohol and drugs
Smoking
Cultural myths
Diabetes complications : Diabetes complications Retinopathy (blindness?)
Nephropathy (kidney problems)
Feet ulceration and/or amputations
Hypertension
Hyperlipidemia (cholesterol?)
Erectile Dysfunction
Gestational diabetes (during pregnancy)
Diabetes and HIV
Diabetes complications : Diabetes complications
Diagnosis : Diagnosis Symptoms
(suggest possible diabetes)
High glucose in blood
(confirm if higher than 126 mg/dl)
Glucose in hemoglobin
(indicates quality of diabetes control - higher than 7 mmol)
Treatment and control : Treatment and control Medications
(insulin vs. hypoglycaemic agents)
Increase physical activity
at least walk for 30 min. most days
Appropriate diet
vegetables
fruit
low in fat and carbohydrates
Lifestyle changes
Prevention and/or delay of diabetes complications : Prevention and/or delay of diabetes complications Well balanced diet
Exercise
Medications when appropriate
Timely access to health care services
No tobacco
No alcohol
Tips for healty cooking : Tips for healty cooking Cook of boil meat insted of frying
Take the skin of chicken before cooking
Use less salt and sugar when preparing food
Avoid fat
Tips for healty cooking : Tips for healty cooking Use fresh or frozen fruit and vegetables when eating or in between meals
Use low fat chesse instead of regular chesse
Use low fat milk
Drink fruit juice instead of powder juice
Nutritional Pyrimid : Nutritional Pyrimid CDC Webpage
Slide 18 : Physical Activity To control diabetes the recommendation is to increase physical activity, preferably every day for 20 minutes.
Slide 19 : Physical Activity Benefits:
Lowers glucose levels in blood
Improves blood circulation in the entire body
Contributes to weight loss
Improves physical and mental wellbeing
Helps the body to utilize insulin more efficiently
Physical Activity : Physical Activity Consult your doctor before you start a physical activity program
Start you program slowly and increase activity level gradually
You can choose the physical activity that that you like to do