Budapest, Hungary

HUI\GARY I i"r .1'.l ii.' llt ii: qrta I r j I I , i r r ,1t-1!!!)i I 1.,. \ . ..Budapest. Ihe Chatrr Btidge and Bude C_asile A COIJNTRY WITH A DIFFEBENCE !!oL] d yorr ke p easani surpÍises and ex. t nQ "d.." '\io| d ro lt. o .ó e'.e q " vacation? To llecorne acqua nted wiih the h story. cu lLrre past and .presenl ot a smal ccLrniry, tfre vared entertáinrrlents t oÍíeÍs. and to tÍy tS Íarnous Íoods and W nes. a W thoL]1 haV ng to res gn Írorn your standards oÍ comÍort? Does t nratleÍto yoU l(lhat yoLr qet and What !oL] --or.o rore L.o.) . ot\""bo..o.. o is Yes ei Lrs hep you clecde $iere lo spencl yoLrr ho idays The lask s easy, the anslver obv ous DON T I/]ISS HUNGAFYL Hr]ngary s easy oÍ access' t es n the heart oÍ ' í 1 ; f a ' . p ' d n d N o ' t SoLrth routes both on land and n the ar. From er]erycaplal n ELrropeiheí 8h1toBUdapes1takesamere I io 3 ho! rs The poel Bcbert Gra!,6s.aled Hungary a ltte blg coL]ntry ,L tt e,, beac!se ts aÍea S on y 93'000 sqLraÍe k] ometres labout 36 200 Sq' rn ) so Í you start olt Íroi. Budapesi. the capita cty er/en the remotest pont oi destinat on s on y 200 to 300 ki omelres BLri the coLrntry ]s a so |] g. be.aLrse 1 abolrnds n sights 1'!oÍ1h see ng q.d odoI i-. o"a d, " P . reluvenatng spas and, asl but not east, popuar fternal ona iest va s \'liherever yoLr go yolr are greeied r'/th heariy hosp tab 1y by the peop e !/ho treat tour sts as welcorae q.' .| T'pé ódpe.( 'e ' ' .ie| ".d g .ONE THOUSAND AND ONE HUNDBEDYEARS ln 895 A.D. martial oltposts rd ng iheir smal but stout norses appeaTed ai the northefn passes o1 the Carpath ans and along the lower Danube. Shorty a e| d'dr I| e' ^ele ío o^.d bj |.e' o|o peopp' I h e ' ' Women and ch ldÍen on carts, by studs. herds oícatt e and sw ne' Thése Were the Magyars Who, after Wandér ng in Asia ú.'F .^.p. Ie'e o' 1. . a'es oÍ |le G'eai M gration. The éader oÍ the MagyaÍ Conquest Was Pr nce ÁÍpád. head oí a We| -organized soc ety' accoÍd ng to sUrviving documents. The MagyaÍ (oÍ Hungarjan) peop e' un ike so rnany peop]es beÍore them succeeded n sett| ng in thelr new hon]e|and, in the heart oÍ EUÍope The conquering Nlagyars ived n a specÍic Eastern. type clan system Thelr angLtage be ongs to the Finno UOric group, though ethnica y t is rnore of od Turkic chaÍactel' DUIng their |ong Wander ng in Asia anc] on this side oÍthé |Jra moL]nta ns, the l'4agyars n1erm ng|ed Wi|h Vano!s peop es; on arr]Ving in thé carpath an Bas n ihey íolnd Savs and Avars there Newcomers aso ]oned them Írom tl,]e East Pechenegs cumans and |asians' In tl]e coL]Íse oÍ |aier cénturies the ethnic pa|ette oÍ the Carpathian Basin was motted by Northern and South Slav German Rumanian and Ashkenazi Jew sh mmigrants and seÍt|eÍs' bl]the Vast ma]orty s and has always been Hungarian. Árpád,s l4agyars Were pagans who pract ced anim strc and shaman stic rites Their ma n occupaton was romad c catte breeding. n the yeaÍs aÍter B95' cal ed the conquesi' the |MagyaÍs Were attempi ng to occupy the Who e of the CaÍpathian Basin. The main ollstacle was the R ver Danube, wh ch a|so r]eant thatÍhe one t rne Roman prov nceofPannonia Was the ast teÍitory sUbdued' These Were hard years íor Europe. Tenth centurychron clesg ve avivd descrlption oí ihe ''Vi e'' N4agyaÍs ooting on their annla ra ds' The mob le ightcavalryarmed with bowsand arrows and ight, Eastern sabres Were masteÍs at both ambush ng and atlack ng aÍte| a Íe gned f ight The l"4agyars' miiiary ach evements can be compared on y to t|]ose oí contemporary NoÍmans: ihey reached as Íaí as the Bospholus n the East, the Pe|oponnesé, Southern llaly, and the lbefan Pen nsula n the South Magyar troops raded the Britsh lsles, the w d German woods and thé Batic as We ' n trre ate tenth century however Pr nce GéZa oí the Árpád dynasty rea|Zed that h s peop eWoU]d per sh iÍthey continued theÍ pUnde|jng nclrrsions' t Was tme t|,]e peoo. 5ettled dou I a id-_ otle. oeoo.-o TJ.ope. -le asked Íorthe Bava|ian Pljncess Gisela's hand ln marr age Íor h s son Stephen Who later became Hungaíy,sÍirst king Gisea,s father HenÍy ]| and her blotheÍ Hen|y ]V (the Saint)were mosl wiling to consent... Géza,s son, stephen ' asked íoÍ and was sentacrown by the Pope, who sent a ong some Christian priests as we . Stephen'son lTnre had the Benedictne bishop Ge]éít (Gerard) oÍ Venice as his tt]tor; Whie hs daughtérin.|aW Was a Byzant ne princess' Stephen' lmre (Emeric) and GeTard were canonized by the Roman ChLrrch short|y aÍter the í deaths After hls people were chrstanzed, King Stephen (997_1038) had thenr sétt|e down and ou|o slone chUrches' He nVitéd íoreign knights Írorn a| oveí EL]Íope to h s colrrt. The gold co ns he had m nted were so vatLteo tr]at cop]es are knownto have been made n many parts oÍ the Word The Árpádian kings Who came aítel sant S'eo.e' i^e d)ras\ oe'"Te e' | Í i. '30'] e| l . ' . o n'o ra,'a oi d5 ^ tL lre g.edr L-'ope" .egnng Íam Ies' From among the roya| dynasty, King Ladislas (1077-1095), Princess Elzabeth (T207 i231, the wife of ]\4alquis Lous oÍ Thur]ngia) and Princess N4argaret |1242 1271'\^tha|yeda heÍ Íe nac]oste' WeIea|so canon zed by the church. ^| idc|<|' |o9A\.o 'hé o'.' ooo.' 'o' '|'gs a| o both oíÍensive and deiensVe Wáííare WrÍl Varrous sUccess' the HoL]se oÍ Arpád becanre one of the eading powers n Europe. The couniry abounded n rooo ano ivesiock' and Was n possession oÍ Vita] trade routes' l\/lining, too, was we -developed. Altho!gh the Mongo |nvasion oÍ ]24] 1242 ca]sed seíious |osses both n human lle and rnateria goods, the country qucky Tecovered. lron ca y. the cast es buit at that ttrne ater lrecame the cenÍes of baÍonialoppos tion to centra|Íoya power. The next era Was that oÍ the An]ou or Angevin kings' Charles Robert (also known as Caroberto l30B 1342) had m nted the gold coin Wh ch served as the Woíd,s hardest cUrrency íor Íive centur es to come' The re gn oÍ Lo!rs (the Great I342-1382)wasa so ilusiriolrs. DuetoThe Haly Crown, synbal independence 11-12tttaÍ Hungary,s natjana! century tr]e econornic power oÍ the ca|pa1h an Bas n n no sma Tneasure based on enouímous go|d, s LVer ano copper 6'po. ' o '| é hó |' o ' t a ! t r o . i ' | exterl.l over the |argest te||itory n h story, Íronr the Balkans clown on the Adr atic coast, to the B ack Sea and e most asíaÍ as lhe Batc in the Norlh' Th s grea1StÍengtn anC power however. !!as soon to decay Ln lfle consequence oÍ ta jan strL]gg es Íor the tr]rone Ajter sL]ccess Ve k ngs oÍ the Llxeml]oL]rg, flaDsL]rg 'o . g i " oo' ' ) t o ' ' ' Ó ' d o ' . Í ' o -p | o e d d .| . new monaÍchs t !/as the m tar\, commandel János Hunyadl(l507 T456)who flrslsucceeded rn rnak ng the l\4us |m TuÍkish arr.y reco ' To this day in memory oÍ the overlvhe rning Hunqlar an v clory over the Turks n l456 at NándorÍehérvár (today Begrade), church bels tol at every noon a| oveÍ the c|rr stian WorLd' János Hunyad],s son IVatth]aS (corvinrrs. ] 458 ] 490) moL]niec] the HungaÍian throne atthe age oÍ fifteen The nob es e ected hln' k ngl n a meet ng heLd on the Trozen R !er Danube. Krg [,4atth as became lhe most brIja|t ígLrÍe oí Hungar an h story The legends attacned t0 n s name ranK Wth those oj Harun a Bashd n the EasteÍn Word |]Ls .. itary gen L]s \\ras l]o stered l]y s1rong TnercenaryÍoopS.The llaster af Jánasrét: Rjght Wing oí the St llichalas altarpiece with scenes from the saint's lit'e (c 1476). Hunganan National GaIeryDeen woíking on the mastérpieces oÍ h]s treasLrry and 0l hÉ famou" ||o|"|} ' Iqe B bl olhéC" co|\ | iara Whl|e the Turks posed an eveÍ growing menace Írom the Ba kans to Vlenna, n T5]4apeasantuprising l]íoke oll in the carpathian Basin' |ts leaderWas György Dózsa of th e Transy|Van ]an |oweÍ gentÍy' and ts pr ests Were lhe popuaí Fanciscans Who Were to becoÍne thé Íirsl preachers oÍ l\,4artin Luthefs ienets jn Hungary' In ] 526, as a resu tofthe |ack of un ty and m Iitaryíorces to res st the enemy, the HungaÍian aímy s!íÍeÍed comp]eie deÍeat by the Turks n the Batt|e oÍ |\4ohács. A|ong Withihe membersoÍlhe h gh c ergyand aÍistocÍacy, |re}o |rgki.g'' oL.||'.dgé o asoÍe '-LLsbÉ9.' lLA 150.year |ong d Vision oíthe country into lhree parts' thé n]idd|e part ía I ng Under Tulkish ru e' the norih.Westeln under the Habsburgs while Transyvania retained its independence. The Turks Were íina |y drjven Írom the country by united Errropean Íorces With the paÍt c pation oÍ a considerab|e Hr.]ngar an contingent lnthe Iate 1600s Í0I ihe good oÍthe Habsburgs who, as EmpeÍors oÍ Alrstria and K ngs 0f HungaÍy. ru|ed the coUntryÍorthe next1Wo hundred yéars' InVaind mreThökö ystartan upris ng' in Vain dld Ferenc Rákóczi Í]ght Íoí a nationa k]ngdom (1701_]7]])' lndependeni Transylvania (today Ruman a) was lost. w| i . 1 ' IJ|eo oJ oulsla.dn9 p í -l ' o . ' d l I i ' g 's b e s ' decades Was one oÍ thé rnain centíes oÍ Protesiantism, and one oí the bastions oÍ enIightened thot]ght' Ln the m d.1700s the Habsb!Íg dynasty succeeded n sav ng ts oldshlp by gajnjng acknow edgement oí the sUccéss on thíough the Íemale ine' In the Wars Waged by N/]aria Theresa (]740_17B0) and heÍ successors' the ma n paft ofthe m IitaryÍorces' especia|ythe ightcavary, the famous Hussars, were Hungarans. The miLlant coUnter Reíolmat]on cou|d re-catho icize peop e on ytoa I mited extent, Whi|e 1he towns reblrj|i aÍter the Tulkish occupaton gained a strklngy BaroqLre character' Thé Latin cu|ture oíthe countíyWas rep|aced byaGerr]an one and it Was on]y |ateÍ, at the beginn]ng of the n neteenth centuÍy, that the Feform Age made the HUngaran anguage the baÍer oí nationa| strivings and cU tUre' The Iast9reat ÍevoIi against HabsbUrg luIe Was spalked by the genera European íevo|t]tionary fever of 1848' However, the HUngaÍian boUrgeois revolut on and WaÍ o1 ndependence lead by Lalos Kossuth was deieated n tlre sUÍnn]eroí T 849 bythe !nliedAustro Russ]anÍoÍces' The epoch.making eVents We Íe Íol oWed by bIoody reta !ation, and b) l'to de aoes oÍ o oor ' . |e. e' T|. co o'orise in T867 ead to thé Austro_HungaÍian Monarchy oí Francls Joseph I (1848 I916) During thls trme fin.de siécle prospéÍity, hand in hand Wilh be ated modern]zalion Was Ío|owed by ihe ho|Íor oÍ Wol|d War ' BUt beÍoÍé that, H!ngaíy's mi lenniuÍn Was co ebra1ed ]n .]896 am]dsi spectacu ar c]ÍcUmstances' When n 1917_] 9] 9 the WaÍ |ed up to revo utions it Was n HUngaíy, Wh ch broke away írom the [4onaÍchythat 1he Hepub ic oÍ counc s, Which lasled on y ] 33 days' came into bé ng' Between 1919 and 1944 HungaÍy Was a k]ng|ess kingdom Wilh GoVeÍnor|\4 k ós Horthyat tshead' n 1920' the Peace TÍealy oíTlianon depíived Hungary oÍ two th Íds oÍ ts territory and six tenth oí iis popu|ation' Wth n the new borders there were on y asmallnumllerof nat]ona ties but sevela mI ons oí ethnic Hungarians WeÍe íoíced to IVé n neighbouÍing countÍ es whic|] gTeW Lrp oÍ deve oped íuÍtheÍ on the ru ns ofthe lVonaíchy' This .acl Id' ..e| s| 'e beÁn Ih. sou''e o'.e 'aged e s ' W t|] no regard ÍoÍtheir common economic and po|iticai nterests lhe sL]ccessor states oÍ lhe Monarchy had' one aíter the otheI, become Hi1le.s Vjctims' For the des íed revision oÍ its borders, H!ngary' too' looked Íor ta| an, and ínost]y German help' Thus, in Wor|d WaÍ thé country beonged to the osers' side. n the autumn of 1944, Governor Horthy sought io réa Ze a separate peace tÍeaiy' but1he rightW ng Íég me that rep aced h m turned the Who|e oíthe country ntoabatt|eíe d' HUngary ost400 tho!sand men n the war_írom this ] 50 thousand n the íÍont ine_and another 150 thousand Hungar]an Jews WhoÍe| V]ctim toihe Ho|ocaust' soviet m Iitaryoperal ons on Hungarian so lended on 4 Aprl1945. Démo' a'|. poil'cd d.'e|op e| I ond e.o.o-c rebuid ng Was qU cky aunched' AÍ1er ]949, howevér,ln lhe atmosphere ofthe co|d War' tl]e r gid irnitation oÍ thé sta| nist model ed to great d scontent and í na ]y to the events oÍ 1956' After the consolldaton ha||marked by János Kádá.s name' years and decades of reform expeÍin]ents ío |owed and have resulted in the Hungary you are aDoul1o sée' Biack Army. In h s court the klng enc rc ed with the most bri]iant ar1is1s and craÍtsmen oÍ lta|y' D stan1Workshops had Íor ong yeaÍs Buda Castle >BUDAPEST ffiM[#'t;iiltr il;i Itl I ffi F !"e< lnterior of Llatthias Church (Ihe Church aí our Lady) Bi]dapesl the''gem oÍ ihe DanL]be. Was created in 1 873 by ihe unlon oÍ three cli es_a plecond t on oÍ spetacu ar soca and economc deve opment' These c]tes weíe Buda Óbuda and Pest' The caves oÍ Caste HlIWere a ready occuped by Paaeo ithic man to 400 thoLrsand years ago. AroLrnd the beg nning oÍ our era ihe V neyards on ihe h s opes Were cL,r tivated bylheEravsc oíce]tcorg n'The rma n shrine had stood on the 1op oí the Very h] ] Whence a Inousano years atef the rebel ng Magyars ihrew St Gerard the martyr sa|nt into the DanL]be The hi ca led Ge ért Hi aíielthe Blshop hasactade]ontop noWÍunct]on ng asa restaurant. Beíore il stands a monume.t íalsed ln the memory 01 the Unknown so d er oí the SoV et Army' The roya coL,ri( had íorcentur es been chang ng its seat' Butbeginn ng Wththefourteenth centuÍyAngeVn kings and later, during K ng Matthias Corvinus Fenarssance build ng project the roya castle n Blrcla ganed priorty. Wax nuseum in the Castle District The Hiltan Hatel tn Buda Falk att shap in the Castle Districtl"'-' q n ii*'r.< i.ie trrner courtyad af Buda Casi/e liecljeval winged altars n ihe callectrcn aí th.. Hungarian Natiana| Ga|]ery Ihe crypt in the nedjeva] rÓya] castle ( Budapesl H istarical l\4 useum ) Pá] szirryei |i|erse: Larcrs, 187C, Hungarian Natiaial Gallery .on the Ed9e af the Fa|est' by Lász|ó Paá] 1 872 ' Hungarian NatiTnal GalleryPalrona Hunganae Tóbk Bank 19a6 a mosa/c on ihe iaQade o/Íhe Thshegemony atersL,]í1eredadoLrbeb|ow,ÍrstfIomthe Turkish occupaton and ihen ü/hen the Vennese court é'o''p 9a .IDé b To ó|| po| . a..o' eo Blda and agan in the eary nneteenth cenlury In Pozsony (today Bra1is ava)' Despte a dravíbacks and devasjations though, Buda s thrvng the wltness to centur es of tL]rbU ent h story' The devas1at ons oÍ Wor|d Vr,'af were especia y of a trag c nature I this parl ol the c ty i here n the Í na stage oT 1he s ege. |ne enc rc ec] German tÍoops baÍrcaded ther.se|Ves' The Caste, p|esenly lrnder TeconsÍUc1on' has nrany Gcth]c and Renassance parts corr.blned !rth Baroque, copí art nouvealr and otheÍ sty js1c e ements Buda Castle became the cenlre of adTnislrat on ofce agan between 1867 and 1945 t !!as trle temporary Ies dence oÍ the Aus1r an empercr king on h s Vjs ts ÍÍoml l TI E l lVenna and ate|' that of the Governoí' DL]Íing the ast decades the distrct has become a cultuTand tounst cenlre' SeVe|alo d res dences nihisaíeastIhaveGothc sedi]a n the Í gateways' and the ce |ars a|e nked Wth a medieva Unde|ground |ablíynth' The Baloque soUthern W ng oí the ÍormeI Boya pa ace s occupied by the Budapesl Histatical\luseum. Ihe neo-BaToque eastern win ghatlses the Hunganan Natianal Ga//ery, Whi e the Western W ng s the home oíthe Natlonal széchényi Ljbrary' rhe Museum af the Hungar]an Working Class llavenetl presents t[]e Tecent n story 0l Hungary. But other sma er rauseums, arcflives, instltutons oí the Hungarian Academy oÍ scences' old Íashioned resiaurants and shops are aso ai tr]e disposaL oi visitors to the Cast e D stfict. lconastasis by M]klós Jankavich in the Greek arthadox Church an Petófi square (1791_1794) vörósna|ty square With Gerbeaud's pastry shap The church oÍ our Lady (|\latthias Chu|ch) whase . A L o ' s l -eo'o.T o|o^s I e o í g ' . . | G o l . ' s l a p e ' 5 " TenoWned spot oÍ both the catho|ic cl,]urch and oÍ Hungarian h story' DL]íng the Turk]sh occlpation the chuÍch served as a mosque' |ts Wa ] paintlngs and g ass Wlndows present scenes oÍ HUngary's hisioÍy Fíanz L]szts 'coronation lvlass,. (]867) and Zo|tán Kodáy's .Te Delm oÍ BUda caste'(1936) had their prem eres in th s ch!rch. The Midniglrt N4ass at Chr stmas is attended by an ever gíow ng nUmbeÍoÍ peop e' Nearthe ' | '|'eiooé'' oIolgoí he HJlo/Ho'éJo'ese\e, Withln its Wa s beautiÍU íragmen1s oÍ a medieva Dom n can monastery Behind N4atthias Church slands the Flshemer's 8asÍ/on BU t atthetUín oíthe century' its name pÍeseNes that oí the onetime ísheímen Who deÍended |he Iamparts and c ty Wa ]s írom he|e' The V eWírom ihetop is breathtaking' Atthe base' nextto Matthias chUÍch slands the eqL]estr an statLre oí K ng Stephen |' The Us!a route oí BUdapest c]ly tolrrs |eads ÍIom the cast e D strict r ght down to the c ly cenÍe, the Be/yáros, in Pest. As we cross ihe Danube, let s have a look at the brdges every one oÍ Whch has a history oÍ ts oWn-nterrupted iragica|y d t]Íing Wor d War ||, when they weTe al blown up Consequenty. as they stand today, they are bas ca ly reconstructions.A(péd B|idge and |\i|argaret Bridge í)n a|ong the two e.ds aI |v|argaret /s/and' The Íirst among lhe Danube .' dges was the Chalr Bridge. is constrirct on init ated by 0o!nt stván Széchenyr son oÍ the ÍoL]nder oÍ ihe brary' The project was accompanled by a genera d s ike on the 3ari 01 the nob es' Whose pr V |eges Were bÍolght io an endbyt|]e ntrod!ctonoÍagene|a brdgeto'Thebrdge was bu ltbytheScotsman Adam C arkwholatersenect n nungary r -éoA Bog.'o'o.o'o ' . p sLrspens on br dge n the Wor d' AÍter the War' howelver t ',!as reconslructed as a cab e llridge. Further down to tlre soLrtlr io |o\'!s Llberly B'dge, W ththe l{rrUl rnagnarybÍds oí prey that had been a ioten,ric anma o1 tíle allcenl l!4agyars decorating its p ars. Í é 'a' . . ' d a. ]^e B-doD^' o '9 e5(' (é' ' . The Grcat Ha]l of the Liszt Ferenc Academy aí ]\.4uslc There are blrt ÍeW traces eít oí Pest s mecleva town Wa s The network 01streets in the c/ty ce/lÍe, however' oé o ' ' r 6 od iox ' ' ' o ' o ó . o . o ' r l ' ó BouleVa|d (KiskörÚt) rUns a ong the oUter c 1y Wa ]s' The d ' o e ' o | < o ' ' . o o . Ó ' o ) ' o ' ' . d . ' " . t J j ' The ax s oJ the cty centre s yácl uÍca, 1he besl known s|ropp ng cent|e n tlre capiia í. nsiead ol ook ng ai tancy shopw ndows or isien ng to no sy street mus c ans yoLr preíer s ent contemplalon, don t miss the nearby buid ngof theGreekortlrodoXchLrrch'Vác LrtcarUnsinto Vörösmarty tér narned a1ter lhe great HLrnoaran poet. Here stands tr]e most íamous pasi|y silop in iown Gerbeauds. The Greal Bo{r/evard (Nagyköíút) Whch Íorms a hatcl|ce lretween h|argaret and Peló' 8rldges, runs a ong the bed oÍ a Íormer backwater oÍ the Danube TWo outstand ng buidinqs in Nagykorút are The ^/luseun of Ápplled,4rls and the so.ca ed ^/eyLl yor,( Palace, With ihe best knoWn coííee hoUse ln BLrdapest on its gIoUnclT ooI At the crossing oÍ NagykörÚl and Népkóztársaság útja sta|dS ihe |lszlFe|encÁcademyofMusjc, |ts Great Ha ] s thecentÍeoJtlrecity'sconcert iÍe-apop! artyWhichhas not Waned despte the reopening oÍ the y{ladó concert hal and the open ng oÍ the acoUstrca|y peÍíect Great Ha oÍ the recenty bLrit Budapesl co'gress CenÍe'The Parlianent building (lnre Steindl, 1944) The Danube s not only an nternational water roLlte Fromsprngtl autumn,BudaandPestcanasobevewed írom aboard Íe|ry boats and Watel tax s' The centre oí attent on on the r Vers de s the neo Gothic Parllame,Í buitding on Ihe eít bank. an imposing examp|e oí fln de s/éc/e h stor]cizing, ecectic arch lecture' Both t ouier ÍoÍm and its nside leÍ|ectthe genera taste oÍthe n] jI enn a |éj:\ I|es o 896' wle H-nga-y C.|eb'o|ed tqe o . A i ' o | \ d n o ' T a . r ' e . c ó | /o ' | ' e V a g y a ' c o . q Iesl L e arch tect had been inÍ|Uenced by the neo-Goth c Houses oíPar amenl nLondon'andbylhecathedIa| nCoogne' The Parlarnent has been the centre oÍ Hungaran admin stration s nce 1904. The Goth c sty e bui ding has a Baroque spat a| eÍÍeci' ln the ha | !nder the ste |ar Va!|t ol the dome receptions and ceremon es are heLd. The main sta rcase a so eads íÍom heÍe' The dome !n tes the two Wings oí the bu|d]ng' The careÍU|y executed lnique decoraton oÍ ihe Pariament Was deslgned by mre SteindL; the architect,s p|ans were Íea ized by the best oe^o|Ó \e a' sLs pan|A') a'o scL'p|o.5 o,.he "ge' Used the Íowers oÍ Hungaíy.s Íieds, meadows and Íorests in a sylzed íorm ,, the architect Wrote' The oUtside oÍ the buid ng is decorated Wth 90 statues repíesentingl '1"' rll I l ' i ' IThe Hungána New Yark Café Ihe staircase in the vjgadó (Redaute) The ÍaQade of the vjgadó (Frigyes Feszl, 1859 1864),-: !ieat 1gUreS oí HL]ngaran h story' The hals are .d 'o' oo oep 'q ' o o ' . o ' Ó ' ' o " ' ' : la!yafs beginnlngs il the cororalon n 1867. _ KossLrlh Sq!afe, oppostethe Pa. ament slancsihe ] ' . .! oÍ the Ethnog|aphica] Muselm, t d sp ays not ! ' o d ' d b -. o ' o r " p é é o ^ o l o . o L. oe oe 'e b'oq.'.ao d B oqé stands the .eadquarters of 1he Hungaíá, Academy of Sc/ences li Was aga . count stván SZécheny on Whose . -! h ! ' ' n A m l . . . l h h ! . n . . ^ ( á l ] Á bir dngs s the row of three hotes, and the Rcrnanic bJ d ng o1 the Redoirte or V gadó' \'V th . ts \',L]a s FTanZ .eÍace af the Hatel Duna lnte|contlnenta| DurrakaIzó |estauEnt Taurists an the Danube bank InÍe|io| of the Atriun Hyati Hate| I(f 7 ixf'Liszt gave many concens' At Libedy Brdoe We Íind the b|ock oÍ the Íormer Main cusion]s oÍf ce, now the Kal Marx l-lniversity of Ecanomlcs' Behind it' n the céntral Market Hal VendoÍst]| remember PÍme lvinis1er Margaret Thatcher in the housew Íe's role' Turning back, on LlÍÍle Bo ulevard, |eav\|g Ká|vin térw |h ts ca|V n st ch!rch behind' We reach the bUjlding oÍ the Hungaian Natiana] Museum, This exceptiona |y beautÍLrl bui|ding of c|assica| propoitions is the WoÍk oí filihá]y Pollack (1839 1846). The tympanum above the Neo-c|assica| rÍ]an ÍaQadé repíesents Pannonia. the The Hungaian National Museun (Mihály Po]lack, 1839-1846) The synagogue in Dohány strcet ( Ludwig FöÍster, 1 854_1 B59 ) Stephen's Cathedral, known as the Basilica (József Hild and l\'4iklós Ybl' 1B51_1905) The western Bailway Station (by the Eiffel Bureau, 1874-1877)IThe Apera Hause (^/|jklós Yb]' 1880 1E84):r! o'1he Sc ences anC the Arts _fe kesaoes a r : -i ar t'e ltlge cerenona sta'aase depci l h e ' .]Lll!allr f.orr. 1he m gla1ol írom As a i -348 : :i rarse eails to :hc oamed ha J.'rere Par 3-e_i :. ts sesscTs and .'he'e lhe Fc'ra cr.Í;n 3nd -.] ! lat on rela e a e d sp 3.iEd l.í:er l.i.' c li!l.| -" e taken 1c the LS. lL. ,"rere eteretJrreC to . "p' o -. ;lÍibo oÍ 'he coulltrlr s nat ona ri]ere]der.e :a-r esi to sa,! the fairnder cf t:e Na. ora []LrsaJrn .: .í 1he t'. Széc.el! s " t| s .ase Lhe talher :monc:re n.se,m s n;nt erhbIorstheaosl '!a! lra.ll tfe Paae. trc Alle i. the i\rlalia' ' est erC The H sr!-,, oi.he H.rrga ar Peop e a'n :!'r'ar aarqLresL io -8.1,.r re bJ C nq tse f s a re c oi nat ara f stoT)r. as i,r,as ''o. he'e th;t ihe 'e'.'a.r.on ' l3:13 stiirte.. On ts an' !erserir. t_e l5tf af ry'arah l,raLlng -.eal e!atrercr,ro')l 'i:ar .a par'tr b-rte .a tle rnenorl.'o t"e e;ders. Laas li.ss.rtI and t.e pcet s:..ndor Fetö. E'dp si.ág'gires n t]e !ro|. iDolrál/ir.c.] T'l. L]| ij n. s ba'! 'Eaars: La1ed i l : f aons ae'a! e nterratara he a . re 3) ra!!!lLe a sa fc.rses ihe .:,,,, sh Ee ! oJs ana H:s1...a .o ..t.'l |']e\t .n :he e.l at Deák Sc!a'e stards the Lirit..gaar.r Chrra't ancl sameir'-a: falhef Si. Siep'irerr'a C/ri,'rarr asa kfo!.rn asira 3as aa Át .h. |,la'x S!. ar. e|d o. the L t. e 'c..] elarl iie r! . . o |e |on al. .];3. b' c] n! !í t]e J|esie|l.. F.lii..'.l \pq ...'Lr] b]i i|3 E.Ie ..1!?n'r oÍ Pal s st;1 l! a: ihe ''ii]ie/..nr.i '].l!n.]e|i '|l íeio3s, squire YH #i'and durlng the Vis]ts oí h]gh de|egations, Wreaths are |aid neTe. |f We Íace the ínonun]ent, to the rjght We see the Arl Gal/e/y, the b]ggest of its kind in Budapest. To the eít is the hluseum oÍ Fíne Arts,Ihe co u ntry's rlchest ait co| ectlon of European painting and scu|ptuIe. The kerne oí the co |ection was the Íormer Esterhazy Picture Ga|lery' puÍchased by lhe state jn 1870' The most signiíicant are the Ga|ery of od Masiers and lhe N'4odeín Foíeign Ga|ery' one of the main attractions oí the l\llseum ls Raphaels oat..t.g. t!e Este.uLv N,4adon1a. ,The Knífe grindeÍ' by Francesco de Goya (Museun of Fine Arts) The,EsteÍházy ^'4adanna,by Raphael, c. 1508 (Museun oÍ Fine Arts) midd]e sectlon oÍ ihe Litt|e Boulevaíd' Népköaársaság útja (AVenUe oí the Peop|e's Repub|]c)' a typicalexamp|e oí fin de siécle town p|anning, is the most beauiilu thoroughfare oÍ Budapest. U.deí it runs the l\,4i|ennia Underground Ine whlch was inaugurated in 1896 as the firstunderground railwayon the ConUnentand the second in Europe atter London's own. The avenue is fianked on both sides by impressive bu |dlngs. one oí the best of these ]s the siaie opera House, designéd by lvik|ós Yb|' which vies in beauty with the ones in Vienna and Paris. AÍieí having cíossed the Great Bou]evard, the AVenUe rL]ns into Heroes,square (Hósök tere). HeÍe stands the Í\lillennial Manunent, and a1 its Íoot' lhe Hungarian Heroes' Monument in Ihe middle. On nat onal holidaysCh st an the l,launt of alives' .l El Greco jn the \l'seun oí Fine AttsVajdahunyad Castle (taday's Agricultural Museum ) E Greco's canvasses are arnong the best known p ctl]íes oÍ the mLrseum The glow ng co|oL]ís aga nst a daÍk backgroUnd and the Íantast cally e 0n02le.i TorÍns chaÍmtheeye.ThereplodLrctionincLrded nthisbook sof (1'' on ' ' . V o ' ' o o'eJ'Áo|é o'.'Ö'pd|| q Goya,s genre painting .The Kn Íe gr nder ' D!r ng ts one hLrndred and íÍty years oT eXstence tr]e mlseum became one ol the rnost va lable co lect ons in lvl ddle Europe Wth p ctures by Corregg o, CrVe l, VeÍonese. Rembrandt. Tiian ZLrlbarán, Be ini B|onzino, Lorenzo o'o' B''eg . '1! t|oe|' DÁd o' ca']g' |' Ue a . . . and oiheís' Th€ imrnense graphic n,rateÍia, t|]e Egyptian d o a . l q . o o eCLO-. , e a S O /o t ' e.0 9 . Beh nd Hósökte|e Ies Clly Pa|k |tspond sanartiÍca skating rnk in wnter. On the smal sand slands valdahunya1! cast]e, bui t lor the N4i |enn a ÍestV t es' |t s a faniast c r. Xture oí d Ííerent sty es o1 arch tecture; ts parts are copes oÍ íamous bLr|dngs Írom Hungary's h stor ca and arch iteciu ral past. Perhapsthe bestknown s the cast]e oÍ Va]clah!nyad ltoday Hunedoara. Rurnan a) hence the narne oÍ the Who|e buiding compIex The mock cast e houses the Agrtcultural i4useun wilh attch hunt ng exh b tlon. The oiher mposng bLriding n Cty Park is the széche/lyl 8al's, Atlhe edge oÍihe park We Í nd the Zoo' Ihe Fun Fan.I\e Municjpal C/rcus and the íamo!s G{rndel BestauranL a| the right hand side oÍ c ty Park are t|re Peap|e,s stadiun, b! t n lhe ] 950s, and Petőíi Hal a recreatton cenlre. Accord ng to geo ogists the Danube, takng an easlward direct on alter eavlng V enna, turnsLldden y to the soLrth above B u clapes1 because here ]n lhe rnidd e oíIhe Ferris wheel in the Fun Fair Budapesl sporÍs Hal/ln the ZaaÍhe Gellért Medi.jnal Baths The taQade > aÍ the Therna! Hcte| Baihers ai lhe Hatel Ihetnal Grand Hatel tlre Carpath an Bas n ihere's a north s0rltlie.Toa c !reaK lfe Tha-ks io th s fe B J d a a n d l i s v c r t y a r e i c l r l n iherna \rlalers n Buda hosptas, a|d cn the DanLrbe bank and llargarel /s/and, sw mm ng poo s and hole s L.rt ze these n_ed c na spr nels. ATong iiese are ine afi noJveaLr Ge//éri Hotej n BL]c]a and Bámáda G|ánd Hole] and Hole/Íhe|ma/on ]argaret s anc, Preh stor c man !!asaready\,ve a]l]areoÍtheihe|apeÚtcel1e.T.Tinerma spfrgs and aier dLrrfg ihe Bon'an perod and JTdel TLrrklsn occLrpaion batr.g a.d takng the \,!aiers i our shec. Í yor] are i.ec of 1he n^a.y sig.ts eno ong íor s ence |es1andíresha r :heh saroLrndtIectyoÍíeroppoÍLrity íor excL]ls ors and h k Ig' AÍavorrr]ie soot on Jár]os'hegy s 're le/eí."ric ( ft cha í ca ec L Degő] Wn c| orÍers The Klrály Batt]s Íron the Ímes aÍ Íhe Turkish accupatron i ; ].;; tlli -The Íe]eÍe|ic or Jánas Hll de]ghtÍul V ews A s m lar y n ce pa|oÍama can De seen Írorn ihe Íop oÍ 1he sashegy, ]r!|] cr] a So boasts a ul] que pace n the heart of a big metropo s a natLlre conservation area w1h rnany pLant raTtles The th rd part oí BLrdapesí is ronrantic ot]lrda (old B.o. -ge o\" . ' _ ' o l d C . o'ooc ( ' íom the destÍoyed c 1y of Troy in the Homer|an per od DL]r ng the]r cent!lLes. ong ]o!rney 1hey stayed Íor a ong r 'o\ dreo S ""o.-' e e i o d " ' óbLrda es Eas er to be eve, 1hough a so deba1ed, ls the theory according to '/,/h ch Att a, k ng oT the llLlns hao ) é oooé ee 'e ' l e r . ' d e . ' . sornel(rhat to ihe soLrlh near Szegedl Ote ih ng ls s!rre t|oJgh] n óbJoa lhe rL].s oi the one tr.e Boman m iarylor!n san'pitheatTewerecoveTedeven2irneeno o 'e " ' ' ' ' o 'q. r oo ó.?L .Ló' .oéo l.!h c. remlnds o.e oÍthe kurgansc] tne sleppe pe0ples ano co! d ha\re served as the p ace icr At1 a s tent. F!ins. arct leclura re cs, and many everyday oblects tesiíy to lhe go den age o1óbÚda. !!hen ]| Was ihe seai oT ihe Foman prov ice cl PanFor a On today s Sh pyard ls a'rd sloocl the pa ace of Earperor Hadr an, on trle r gni ' ' o n' lo . .L,L" d" (o o . ' . g éd.o' Co' p' o ;:.\,'asta1on here, becaUse 1he Tu]ns oÍÍeled cheap ..r' d ng mater a]' Neverthe ess. n Öbuc]a' Where ,i rg e-storey hcltses Were rep acecl bV ten storey -o.ern apartmen1b|o.ks, n the ce aIs oÍ some hoL]ses. .l 1t|resUI]Waycross]n9atArpádBrdge,or n1heÍormoÍ : reconstructed aquaeduct |em nders oÍ the Roman aanod can si I be seen. The DanLrbe bank at AqLr ncum ca ec] Római pa|t, s a íavourte spor1s rescfi íor tcwnspeop e The bggest camps1ie oÍ the cap ta s situa1ed here B o o.' " .o or o' .é o o . ' pé " o'.éea'd'o'o'. o l'e e .o o , -, \ . . -/o...oe:jo .g" o -. vs:rg. ]o.nan rulns and the |úuseum ]n Aqulncun t , t