Slide 1 : 1 www.jazykovevzdelavanie.sk Copyright
© 2009 All Rights Reserved ABOUT SPANISH Spanish in a Romance language that belongs to Indo - European language family.
www.jazykovevzdelavanie.sk : 2 www.jazykovevzdelavanie.sk SPANISH LANGUAGE
(LA LENGUA ESPAÑOLA) Spanish is the most common first language in Spain and Latin America.
More than 390 mil. of people speak Spanish in the countries where it is an official language and more than 30 mil. of people speak Spanish in the countries where it is not an official language,
About 5.8 percent of the people who use the Internet speak Spanish, making it the No. 4 language in the Internet community, following English, Japanese and German.
www.jazykovevzdelavanie.sk : 3 www.jazykovevzdelavanie.sk A FEW FACTS ABOUT SPAIN Official name
Political system
Capital
Highest point
Most important rivers Interesting places Reino de España Constitutional Monarchy Madrid el Teide en las Islas Canarias Ebro, Duero, Tajo, Guadalquivir, Guadiana La Coruña – Torre de Hércules
León, Zaragoza – Catedral
Barcelona – Sagrada Familia
Salamanca – Universidad
Madrid – Plaza Mayor
Teruel, Valencia – Catedral
La Mancha – los molinos
Sevilla – Giralda
Córdoba – Mejita
Granada – Alhambra
www.jazykovevzdelavanie.sk : 4 www.jazykovevzdelavanie.sk SPELLING AND PRONUNCIATION (ORTOGRAFÍA Y PRONUNCIACIÓN) Spelling and pronunciation in Spanish is easier than in English. Generally words are spoken as they are spelled and most of the letters are pronounced as they are written, just a few of them have different pronunciation: y /i / - as a conjunction „and“ Elena y Pedro – as in „see“, but shorter
/j/ - as a part of words yo, rey, mayo – as in „yes“ c /k/ - before a, o, u Carmen, tabaco, Cuba – as in „car“
/Ɵ/ - before e, i cerveza, cine, cinco – as in „thing“ ch /ʧ/ - Chile, noche – as in „church“ g /g/ - before a, o, u galería, gustar – as in „get“
/x/ - before e, i gente, girasol – as in „Loch“
gue, gui /ge, gi/ - Miguel, guitarra h /-/ - is not pronounced hola, hasta la vista /ola, asta la vista/ j /x/ - Juan, Jorge, jueves – as in Loch Ness ll /ʎ/ - me llamo, Sevilla – similar to „million“ ñ /ɲ/ - España, mañana – similar to „onion“ que, qui /ke, ki/
qué es, don Quijote z /Ɵ/ - zapato – as in „thing“
www.jazykovevzdelavanie.sk : 5 www.jazykovevzdelavanie.sk ACCENT AND PUNCTUATION (EL ACENTO Y LA PUNTUACIÓN) Another difference between English and Spanish is the WRITTEN ACCENT that indicates where the stress falls in a word. médico, árbol, río, león, anunció, miércoles INITIAL CAPITAL LETTERS are used less in Spanish than they are in English. Here are a few examples: Nationalities, tribes, races, languages:
In English: English, Italian, Russian
In Spanish: inglés, italiano, ruso Days of the week; months:
In English: Monday, Sunday, March, July
In Spanish: lunes, domingo, marzo, julio In the titles of books, movies, paintings etc.:
In English: My Last Word
In Spanish: Mi última palabra
www.jazykovevzdelavanie.sk : 6 www.jazykovevzdelavanie.sk PUNCTUATION II. (LA PUNTUACIÓN) ? ¿ ! ¡ There is an interesting fenomena in Spanish – question mark and exclamation mark are written not only at the end of a sentence, but also at the beginning where they are inverted. ¿Hablas español? – Do you speak English? ¡Cierra la ventana! – Close the window! ~ This is a special sign that means the letter „ñ“ should be pronunced softer. It is similar to the sound in „onion“. Hablo español. /ablo espaňol/ – I speak Spanish.
Tengo 30 años. /tengo treinta aňos/ - I am 30 (years old).
www.jazykovevzdelavanie.sk : 7 www.jazykovevzdelavanie.sk ARTICLE (EL ARTÍCULO) Article in Spanish can be definite or indefinite and it has a different form in feminine and masculine gender and also in plural.
It is more effective to learn Spanish vocabulary together with articles as they define the gender. la ventana (feminine – the window), el libro (masculine – the book). un, una el, la Indefinite Article
El artículo indefinido
masculine feminine Definite Article
El artículo definido
masculine feminine un chico, una chica
a boy, a girl el libro, la mesa
the book, the table unos, unas, los, las Plural / El plural unos chicos, unas chicas, los libros, las mesas
(some) boys, (some) girls, the books, the tables
www.jazykovevzdelavanie.sk : 8 www.jazykovevzdelavanie.sk NOUNS (LOS SUSTANTIVOS) Nouns in Spanish are used in a similar way like English nouns.
They do not change their form as they do in some languages e. g. Slavic. Es mi amigo. – It is my friend. - Je to môj priateľ.
Lo explico a mi amigo. – I explain it to my friend. – Vysvetľujem to môjmu priateľovi. (in Slovak – a Slavic language). ADJECTIVES (LOS ADJETIVOS) In Spanish, adjectives usually go after nouns and agree with them in gender and number. un chico bonito a nice boy
una chica bonita a nice girl
los libros rojos the red books
las mesas rojas the red tables
www.jazykovevzdelavanie.sk : 9 www.jazykovevzdelavanie.sk VERBS (LOS VERBOS) Spanish verbs are conjugated, it means they have different endings which depend on the mood, tense, person and number. It is not necessary to use personal pronouns as it is in English to define the person.
They are divided into regular verbs and irregular verbs. A. VERBS WITH REGULAR CONJUGATION They are conjugated according to the rules (patterns) and are divided into three groups according to the ending in the infinitive.
- AR (hablar/speak) - ER (comprender/understand) -IR (vivir/live) Conjugation - Present Tense Simple of verbs ending in –AR:
(yo) hablo – I speak (nosotros) hablamos – we speak
(tú) hablas – you speak (vosotros) habláis – you speak
(él/ella) habla – he/she speaks (ellos/ellas) hablan – they speak B. IRREGULAR VERBS There are ten types of irregular verbs with internal vowel change e. g.: jugar / to play – juego, juegas, juega ... / I play, you play, he plays...
Other irregular verbs change the form e. g.: tener / to have – tengo, tienes, tiene ... / I have, you have, he has...
www.jazykovevzdelavanie.sk : 10 www.jazykovevzdelavanie.sk NEGATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES (LAS FRASES NEGATIVAS E INTERROGATIVAS) In Spanish, NEGATIVE SENTENCES are formed by placing the negative adverb NO before the verb. No hablo italiano.– I don`t speak Italian.
No llamaron la semana pasada.– They didn`t call last week.
No viajaremos el mes que viene.– We won`t travel next month. INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES
In Spanish, an affirmative sentence can be used as a question when it is given an appropriate pronunciation and a question mark.
Le gusta leer los libros. – He likes rading books.
¿Le gusta leer los libros? – Does he like reading books?
Word order is changed only when an extra emphasis is desired:
¿Elena está enferma? ¿Está Elena enferma? – Is Elena ill?
When a question is made with an interrogative adverb or pronoun, the adverb (pronoun) goes first and is followed by the main verb or personal pronoun, if there is one.
¿Dónde está Luis? – Where is Luis? ¿Qué te gusta? – What do you like?
www.jazykovevzdelavanie.sk : 11 www.jazykovevzdelavanie.sk WHY TO LEARN SPANISH? To be able to read a book, or to watch a movie, or a soap opera , in original Spanish version. Miguel de Cervantes y Saavedra
1547 – 1616
Don Quijote de la Mancha Federico Garcia Lorca
1898 – 1936
The House of Bernarda Alba (La casa de Bernarda Alba) Gabriel Garcia Márquez
1928 Columbia
One Hundred Years of Solitude (Cien años de soledad) Isabel Allende
1942 Peru
The House of the Spirits (La casa de los espiritus)
www.jazykovevzdelavanie.sk : 12 www.jazykovevzdelavanie.sk WHY TO LEARN SPANISH? To be able to communicate when I go to Madrid. Palacio Real Puerta del Sol El Prado Plaza de toros Plaza Mayor To be able to communicate when I go on holiday. Costa Brava Costa Dorada Ibiza Tenerife Mexico, Cancun
www.jazykovevzdelavanie.sk : 13 www.jazykovevzdelavanie.sk WHY TO LEARN SPANISH? Because it is a native language of famous Spanish artists. Francisco
José de Goya
1746 - 1828 Pablo Picasso
1881 - 1973 Salvador Dalí
1904 - 1989 Maya
desnuda Maya vestida Guernica Les Demoiselles d' Avignon La Madona de port Angelus de Gala
www.jazykovevzdelavanie.sk : 14 www.jazykovevzdelavanie.sk WHY TO LEARN SPANISH? Because I would like to go to a flamenco course to Spain. Because I would like to make a Spanish meal, or a drink, according to an original recipe in Spanish. gazpacho paella churros con chocolate mojito
www.jazykovevzdelavanie.sk : 15 www.jazykovevzdelavanie.sk WHY TO LEARN SPANISH? Because it is a beautiful melodic language.
Because I would like to understand people when I go on holiday to fascinating beaches with white sand to Mallorca or Tenerife, or any other island.
Because I can communicate in Spanish not only in Spain, but also in Northern Africa, Latin and Central America, and Mexico.
Because I would like to study at one of the oldest European universities Universidad de Salamanca.
Because I would like to get a summer job in Spain at a seaside resort.
Because I would like to work for an international Spanish company.
Because Spanish is one of the most used modern languages, following English, and that is why it is a very good choice to learn Spanish in combination with another language.
Because the company I work for has Spanish business partners and I would like to speak to them fluently.
And also because ...