Slide 1 : LINUX KOLLA SANJEEVA RAO MCA
LAB-1 : LAB-1
LAB # 1( BASIC COMMANDS) : LAB # 1( BASIC COMMANDS) 1.How to show list of files & directories?
# ls -l
2.List of files and directories including hidden?
# ls-a
3. List of the files and directories in reverse order?
# ls -r
4.If you want to show the list of files and directories along with the inode number?
# ls -il
5.How to stop running screen?
# ^C
LAB # 1( BASIC COMMANDS) : LAB # 1( BASIC COMMANDS) 6.How to list the attributes of particular file or directory?
# ls -ld
7.How to show the List of files in the tree structure?
# ls-R
LAB # 1( creation of files) : LAB # 1( creation of files) 8.To create a File using cat?
# cat > filename
9.How to view the contents of a file
# cat filename.
10.How to append a data to file?
# cat >> filename
11.To transfer the contents of a file1 &file2 to file3?
# cat >>
LAB # 1( creation of files) : LAB # 1( creation of files) 12.To create multiple files?
# touch
13.How to create multiple directories?
# cat filename.
10.How to append a data to file?
# cat >> filename
11.To transfer the contents of a file1 &file2 to file3?
# cat >>
LAB # 2( User& Group Administration) : LAB # 2( User& Group Administration) 1. Creating a user
# useradd u1
2.To set Password for u1
# passswd u1
3.How to confirm the creation of user?
# vi /etc/passwd
4.If you want to change user ID?
# useradd –u 700 u1
( Group-id will be changed automatically)
5.How to change group-ID?
# useradd –g 501 u2
LAB# 2( User& Group Administration) : LAB# 2( User& Group Administration) 6.How to override user-id?
# useradd –u 701 -0 u3 (701 is already existing user-id)
7. How to add the user as a member of the secondary group?
# groupadd lgs
# useradd –G lgs l1
# Vi /etc/group
8.How to change the home directory?
# mkdir /mkt
# useadd –d /mkt/m1 m1
9.How to change shell?
# useadd –s/bin/tcsh m2
Master Useradd command : Master Useradd command
LAB 2( User& Group Administration) : LAB 2( User& Group Administration) 10.How to change login-name?
# usermod –l user1 u1 (u1 is old name and user1 is new name)
11.How to Lock the Password?
# usermod –L user1
12. How to UnLock the password?
# usermod –U user1
13. How to delete a user?
# userdel user1
14. To confirm weather the user is deleted or not?
# vi /etc/passwd
LAB 2( User& Group Administration) : LAB 2( User& Group Administration) 15.How to create a group?
#groupadd group1
16.How to confirm the group creation?
#vi /etc/group
16.How to allot our own GID to a group?
#groupadd –g 950 group2.
17.What is the use of override option ?
# groupmod –g 950 -0 group3.
18. How to change the Group name?
# groupmod –n
19. How to delete a group?
# groupdel group2 group3 950
LAB 2( User& Group Administration) : LAB 2( User& Group Administration) 20.How to add the users as a members of the Group?
Implimentation
# groupadd linuxg
# usreradd l1
# useradd l2
# useradd l3
# gpasswd –a l1 linuxg
# vi /etc/group
# gpasswd –M l2,l3 linuxg
21. Deleting a User From a group?
# gpasswd – d l2 linuxg l1
l2
l3 l1 l2 l3 users Linux Group
LAB 2( User& Group Administration) : LAB 2( User& Group Administration) 22.How to make one user as a administrator of the groupers as a members of the Group?
# gpasswd –A l3 linuxg l1
l2
l3 l1 l2 l3 users Linux Group Designated as Administrator
LAB 2( User& Group Administration) : LAB 2( User& Group Administration) 23.How to change the password age?
# Chage l1
Minimum password Age :[ ]
Maximum password age:[]
Last password Change:
Password Expiry :
24.What is use of the command FINGER?
# Finger l2
it displays the user information.
login
Directory
Never logedin
Mail etc
25.How to change t he FINGER information?
# Chfn l2
Shell : Shell Default shell in Linux is bash.
Bash-Bourne again shell [root @ localhost ~] # shell User name Host or computer name Root user logged in Current working Directory
/root
Shell : Shell Shell looks as follows if normal user is logged –in [u1 @ localhost ~] $ shell User name Host or computer name Normal user logged in Current working Directory
/home/u1
Types of shells : Types of shells /bin/sh
/bin/bash
/sbin/nologin
/bin/ash
/bin/bsh
/bin/ksh
/bin/tcsh
/bin/csh
Tele terminals (Virtual Console) : Tele terminals (Virtual Console) There are 07 tty present in Linux.
tty1 CTRl+Alt+F1
tty2 CTRl+Alt+F2
tty3 CTRl+Alt+F3
tty4 CTRl+Alt+F4
tty5 CTRl+Alt+F5
tty6 CTRl+Alt+F6
tty7 CTRl+Alt+F7 Text Based Graphical