rh+® 1 www.remzihoca.com LOGICAL SEQUENCE 1) Cactus plants do not need much water. Therefore ------------. A) few plants can grow in deserts B) they can grow in deserts C) there is very little rainfall in deserts D) it is very cold at night 2) We decided to go on a picnic despite ----------. . A) the lovely weather B) the sun was shining brightly C) it was raining heavily D) the snow 3) The world population is increasing rapidly. Accordingly ------------. A) the number of births is increasing sharply B) manpower is extremely important in rural areas C) the amount of cultivable land is decreasing rapidly D) more and more babies are born each day 4) The basis of Italian is the ancient Latin language. Similarly, ------------. A) French is based on Latin B) Spanish is difficult to learn C) Latin is no longer a popular language D) German is a Germanic language 5) Nuclear power is not an economical way to get energy. On the contrary ------------. A) it is extremely practical B) there is always the danger of accidents C) it is very expensive D) it will be possible to obtain energy cheaply and safely in this way 6) Some experts say that viewing TV violence may affect behavior. For example --------A) the effect of TV violence on viewers has not been sufficiently proven B) this hides the real causes of violence which are related to social problems C) not all children are influenced by the violence they witness on TV D) what children see on TV may make them aggressive 7) Although we have been aware that you've been lying and cheating, ------------. A) you must reform yourself B) we haven't said anything about it until now C) your parents should come and see us D) we don't think you have a bright future 8) Environmentalists think the world is coming to a bad end. ------------. A) In the meantime, the rain forests are being burned. B) Accordingly, they shouldn't act immediately. C) Naturally, something has been done about it. D) Nevertheless, governments are acting slowly to prevent it. 9) 9. The appliance department couldn't sell their products at that price.------------, they decided to make a reduction. A) Consequently B) In addition C) Because D) Otherwise 10) After losing his wife, children and home in a fire, Mr. Hawkins------------. A) took out life insurance B) got married the next month C) asked for psychiatric help D) bought a new car 11) Cecil, who drinks, lies and steals, will probably------------. A) be appointed the new director of the company B) be fired from his job C) be given a warning by his employees D) send his daughter to Spain 12) The interviewer on TV pressed the 'censor' button when------------. A) the politician spoke against the opposing party B) the painter showed his latest painting C) the feminist defended women's rights D) the radical union leader used four swear words consecutivelyrh+® 2 www.remzihoca.com 13) If you apply excessive amounts of cosmetics to your face, ------------. A) a)you'll look even lovelier B) b)you'll ruin your skin C) c)your chances of having a baby will decrease D) it won't cost you a lot of money 14) Jane is very careless in her behavior towards others. For example, ------------. A) she should have greeted us at the party last night B) she smiles all the time C) I can't understand why she treats everybody in the same way D) everybody criticizes her 15) Since this winter is going to be very harsh, ------------.. A) I will ski everyday B) you should eat lots of ice cream C) we have to buy some more coal D) animals will enjoy it very much 16) Although you claim to be a millionaire, . A) you carry a wallet in your pocket B) I don't like you C) your car is a super Mercedes D) you don't look like one 17) People don't communicate by letter very often nowadays because------------. A) they don't like each other any more B) sophisticated communications devices have been invented C) they watch TV most of the time D) newspapers and magazines take most of their time 18) The Blue Whale is in danger of extinction; therefore, ------------. A) it has been overhunted B) it should be protected C) it has already disappeared D) it is the king of the sea 19) Gold, in its pure form, is too soft to shape. Hence------------. A) it is very valuable and expensive B) shaping it is very difficult C) it should be processed before shaping D) many people are employed in gold mining 20) Laboratory experiments should be done carefully since------------. A) most lab equipment is made of glass B) there is the risk of dangerous explosions C) unqualified personnel shouldn't be hired D) there has been an increase in the number of experimenters 21) The passenger ship the Titanic hit an iceberg on its first journey in 1912. The ship did not have enough lifeboats for everyone; therefore, ------------. A) the captain of the ship was sleeping in his cabin when the accident occurred B) more than 1500 passengers died in this terrible accident C) the ship was going too fast D) the Titanic received four radio messages about the ice in the area 22) Air pollution in Ankara is a serious problem. ------------. A) However, fumes from cars and factories pollute the air. B) As a result, the air is polluted. C) Therefore, something must be done immediately. D) For example, there is air pollution in big cities. 23) Population growth affects most aspects of everyday life. ------------. A) Meanwhile, the population has grown rapidly in this century. B) On the contrary, scientists believe that man can control population growth. C) In other words, there are more births than deaths. D) In fact, an expanding population means a need for more land, housing and industry.rh+® 3 www.remzihoca.com 24) Energy efficient sources of fuel have become very important because of------------. A) the efforts of modern technology to find other sources B) the rising cost and decreasing supply of fossil fuels C) new cars that travel faster on smaller amounts of fuel D) scientists and engineers who have been improving new systems 25) Improvements in eating habits have increased the average height of adults. ------------. A) Rich people eat better than poor people. B) People in the Middle East like to eat spicy food, whereas most Europeans don't. C) Children who eat well have a better chance of growing taller. D) In most countries, babies are fed with their mother's milk. 26) Despite certain similarities, patterns of work for agricultural workers vary considerably from one part of the world to another. ------------. A) For example, in Britain and the USA, farm workers are paid the same wages per hour of work. B) Unlike European farm workers, those in tropical countries start to work on the fields just before sunrise. C) Workers in India have many children to look after. D) The average life-span of the agricultural worker is approximately 2 years shorter than that of the industrial one. 27) The physical discomfort caused by a lowering of atmospheric temperature is easily prevented by putting on thicker clothing. ------------. A) In warm weather, we usually wear lighter colored clothes. B) In spite of feeling cold, poor people are obliged to wear light clothing in winter. C) Furthermore, synthetic materials make the body feel uncomfortable. D) Therefore, it is advisable to wear heavy woolen clothes and furs in winter. 28) Many governments are trying to introduce atomic energy as an alternative to the burning of fossil fuels in spite of the fact that------------. A) fossil fuels are limited in supply B) faulty systems and waste materials are potentially very dangerous C) fossil fuels cause pollution D) nuclear accidents are not very common 29) In most African and Asian countries, a university degree guarantees its owner a good job. ------------. A) Consequently, it is impossible for some graduates to find any job at all. B) However, in some other parts of the world there are so many graduates that they can't find any employment at all. C) Moreover, these countries usually have such limited resources that there aren't many jobs available. D) Therefore, these graduates try to find better jobs in more developed countries. 30) One of the main advantages of the irrigation of cotton is an increase in yield. ------------. A) Another plant which needs irrigation is rice. B) The irrigation of wheat, on the other hand, is necessary during dry seasons. C) Irrigation also increases the length of the cotton fibres. D) The length of the cotton fibres determines the price. 31) One of the main problems with solar energy is that the cost of installing a solar heating and cooling system is high. Consequently, ------------. A) it is considered an important alternative to meet the present day energy needs B) it is not necessary to turn to different energy sources C) it may not be the preferred energy source in the near future D) it can provide more energy than needed at presentrh+® 4 www.remzihoca.com 32) The discovery of iron and its uses greatly changed the lives of early men. ------------. A) Naturally, most men wanted to use stone rather than iron. B) In fact, its influence was so great that a whole period of human history is called the Iron Age. C) On the contrary, the discovery of iron and its uses were very important for early men. D) Even though iron was used by some, most men continued to use stone instead. 33) It is true that motor-cars help us to move around easily. ------------. A) Nevertheless, most people would like to have a car of their own. B) In addition, the fumes from the exhaust pipes pollute the air. C) However, they cause a lot of pollution. D) As a result, they lead to a high noise level in our cities. 34) The coffee plant is a small tree. ------------. A) During the seventeenth century it spread rapidly and became a popular drink. B) Coffee does not normally have bad effects. C) Besides its importance as a drink, the oil from the fruit is used to make soap. D) It has dark green leaves and white flowers which produce small red fruits. 35) Temperatures in deserts are extremely high during the day. However, ------------. A) there are also great differences between day and night temperatures B) at night they are often very low C) few plants can live there D) they have little animal life 36) Many animals have an excellent sense of smell, which they use in hunting. ------------. A) Dogs, for example, have poor eyesight and no color vision. B) On the other hand, their eyesight may be poor. C) However, the human sense of smell is really quite good. D) But a dog's sense of smell is excellent. 37) In Britain most schools are financed by the state and are free for the children attending them. Nevertheless, ------------. A) these are financed by the students B) about 5 per cent of the school-age children go to private schools C) many have previously attended play schools or nursery schools D) in the first five years at a secondary school, the pupils have a set timetable of subjects 38) Travel in space can be very exciting. Moreover, ------------. A) space exploration is costly B) it can provide more information about our planet and other planets in the solar system C) there are many problems connected with it D) astronauts could be affected by the boredom and loneliness during their space flights 39) Jet planes can go very fast; in fact------------. A) some of them can go faster than the speed of sound B) navigation systems have been improved so that planes can fly at night C) supersonic jets are very expensive D) many improvements have been made in airplanes to provide more comfort 40) Researchers have been working for years in order to solve the Bermuda Triangle mystery. Nonetheless, ------------. A) this subject has attracted many scientists to the area B) they tried to test various hypotheses but failed C) this mystery has been known for nearly a century D) no definite answer has yet been foundrh+® 5 www.remzihoca.com 41) The extremely low temperature of the Arctic region is one of the problems that polar explorers have to face. ------------. A) Another difficulty is the unpredictable movement of the mass of ice under their feet. B) There is no difficulty for polar explorers except the cold. C) The first thing that polar explorers have to adjust to is the extreme cold. D) Polar explorers often travel in sledges pulled by dogs. 42) 42. The sources of sound vibrate. In fact, ------------. .A) music has been a way of communication since the early ages B) the strings of a guitar can be seen to vibrate C) playing a guitar requires skill D) some vibrations cannot be seen 43) Insect and human societies are alike. There is division of labor in both. Moreover, ------------. A) there are differences between these two societies B) some insects are harmful to mankind C) insects and human beings don't look like each other D) in both societies there is social co-ordination 44) There are several factors affecting climate; ------------. A) one of them is the amount of sunlight received B) the sun and stars are the natural sources of light C) plants and animals adapt to the climate D) light from the sun is reflected by the moon 45) Water pollution causes great damage to the environment. ------------. A) Each day thousands of tons of gases come out of the exhausts of motor vehicles. B) Smoke from factories pollutes the air of industrialized areas. C) Industrial waste has already made many rivers lifeless. D) Today, pollution is an increasing danger to the health of our planet. 46) Steam locomotives will not be used by railway systems anymore because------------. A) they have been used in the railway lines of the world B) they will depart not only from the station but from the whole network C) they are found to be inefficient in our present day technology D) both the passengers and the goods in the wagons bring in money for the railways 47) Arguments between generations are a common phenomenon all over the world because------------. A) in eastern parts of the world, children are more respectful towards their parents B) studies show that as parents learn to understand their children, there is more agreement between them C) children everywhere tend to reject the value judgments of their parents D) in some cultures the education of children is an important concern for parents whereas in others it is unimportant 48) Although computers are taking over some of the tasks which were once accomplished by our brains, they ------------. A) can also solve very complicated problems B) have not been able to replace men C) can gather a wide range of information for many purposes D) have also been used in medicine and space travel 49) One of the disadvantages of supersonic jets is that they are costly. Moreover, ------------. A) they have made the world a smaller place to live in B) it is now possible to fly around the world in safety and comfort C) one can fly from New York to London in less than seven hours D) their passenger capacity is limitedrh+® 6 www.remzihoca.com 50) For most people a nuclear disaster is totally unthinkable. ------------. A) Moreover, they try to concentrate on the good things in life. B) For example, the Chernobyl fallout was a warning to them. C) However, this does not mean that it will never happen. D) Nevertheless, people who are conscious of the environment don't think about it. 51) The rate of crime is directly related to the level of education. While it is known that education in itself cannot stop crime, statistics show that------------. A) educational standards in schools are improving B) genes are responsible for criminal behavior C) an efficient security network reduces crime D) the crime rate tends to be lower among university graduates 52) The troposphere varies in height in many different places. For instance, ------------. A) just above the troposphere is a layer of air called the tropopause B) it is the part of the atmosphere inhabited by people C) it is lowest over the North and South Poles and highest over the Equator D) high speed winds called jet-streams can reach speeds of 250 miles per hour 53) One billion people in the world are short of water. How can this problem be solved? ------------. A) Water shortages and pollution problems cannot be solved easily. B) Some suggestions are removing salt from ocean water and building water pipelines from areas where water is abundant. C) Problems without solutions frustrate authorities. D) Before the water crisis occurred, little attention was paid to such problems. 54) There should be a course called "Women in History" taught in every high school. ------------. A) Besides, men would do their best to stop such a course from being given. B) Such a course won't make women selfconfiident C) History books are full of detailed descriptions of wars in which men played central roles. D) Such a course would eliminate the idea that women had nothing to do with the shaping of history. 55) Some economists are looking for better solutions to the poverty problem. However, ------------. A) there are many rich people on the earth B) we shouldn't expect definite solutions from them in the near future C) nearly two million people died of starvation in Africa last year D) European nations are helping the Third World 56) Today's workers are better educated than those of the past. ------------. A) Therefore, their expectations are higher. B) Nevertheless, they don't like their jobs. C) In other words, they are poorly paid. D) For example, Jack has never been to school in his life. 57) Whether on the ground or in the air, the highsppee collision of two aircraft is every pilot's worst fear. ------------. A) Modern electronic equipment prevents disasters very efficiently. B) There is a public belief that pilots are not careful enough while navigating planes. C) Many pilots leave their jobs after a while because of the psychological stress it causes. D) Thus, many pilots don't care anymore about air safety.rh+® 7 www.remzihoca.com 58) We are all now aware that some new scientific or technological advances, though useful, may have unpleasant side effects. ------------. A) Therefore, the more such advances are made, the fewer side effects there will be. B) However, the side effects do not seem important when we consider the magnitude of such progress. C) For instance, the trouble is, it is not always easy to tell what the side effects will be. D) Moreover, the tendency is to warn the world about the dangers of such side effects. 59) A child cannot learn efficiently until he is ready to learn. Therefore, ------------. A) ability to learn depends on biological age B) it is not easy to try to teach a child who is not intellectually, physically and emotionally ready C) it does not matter what parents say or do because children grow up in their own way D) there are various factors which affect a child's ability to learn 60) Scientists are looking for new ways to increase the quantity of food crops we can grow. For example, ------------. A) they are running into a lot of problems with their research B) Somalia is a country where the problem of starvation affects people C) plants need heat and light, but not specifically sunlight, to manufacture food D) plants which can grow quickly with limited water are being developed in laboratories 61) Calculations show that the average man doing average work has to obtain about 3000 calories in order to have adequate energy to perform his job. ------------. A) In fact, the excess energy will be stored, mostly as fat, under the skin. B) On the other hand, a man lying in bed all day needs fewer calories. C) In other words, if a person uses less energy than the stored energy he takes in as food, he will put on weight. D) On the contrary, if a person cuts down his intake of fats and carbohydrates, he has to get enough protein and vitamins to avoid illness. 62) Entering a different culture with new values, new expectations and different communication styles can certainly cause confusion. In fact . ------------. A) it may create cultural shock B) most people like to protect their own values C) some people might find it quite exciting D) it is best to adapt yourself to the new culture 63) Elderly people should not avoid getting physical exercise. On the contrary, they should------------. A) consult a doctor before they start any physical activity B) be encouraged to stay at home C) keep their bodies active to be healthy D) get involved in some kind of intellectual activity 64) Research shows that children cannot understand stories without visual illustrations because they cannot form pictures in their minds. Yet, ------------. A) they don't like books that have few pictures in them B) some publishers avoid putting pictures in books prepared for children C) most parents are careful in choosing books for their young children D) books with a lot of pictures are the favourites of most children 65) Patients should be aware of their problems and be willing to cooperate with their therapists in order to get well. Therefore, ------------. A) those with serious problems should get continuous psychological treatment B) psychologists pretend to ignore the problems of their patients C) those who show resistance to their therapists during treatment are not likely to recover D) therapists prefer to work with patients who are educated in the field of psychologyrh+® 8 www.remzihoca.com 66) Despite the harmful effects of fizzy drinks on the stomach------------. A) doctors advise people not to drink more than a glass a day B) some parents let their children drink as much Coke as they want C) many people drink sugar-free diet coke in order to get fewer calories D) natural fruit juice may also upset the stomach if it is drunk in large quantities 67) The governments aren't doing much to control pollution. On the contrary, ------------. A) they are encouraging the construction of factories that pollute the environment B) environmentalists are very much interested in this issue C) they are doing everything to overcome it D) pollution is becoming a major problem 68) The World Health Organization deals with the health problems in the world whereas ------------. A) it tries to provide food for those countries which need it B) UNICEF looks after the interests of children in need C) there are many countries where there is a shortage of food D) FAO is located in Rome 69) Although many people demand more police control and stricter punishments to overcome the problem of violence in our society, ------------. A) crime arises in the poorest areas of cities B) prisons are supposed to correct the wrong attitudes of people C) there is no proof that this sort of simple solution will work D) young people react violently when they lose their hope of a better future 70) Good health is most often ruined by poor diet, stress, a bad working environment and carelessness. Therefore, -----------. A) different cultures show different attitudes toward health and physical fitness B) today many people are not as concerned about their health as they used to be in the 1980s C) being fit means achieving the best possible health within the limits of your body D) you can lower the risk or reduce the damage of disease by changing your habits or the conditions surrounding you 71) It is true that such realities as drought and over-population worsen the problem of hunger in Africa. ------------. A) Therefore, African people should do something about poverty, which is actually the real cause. B) On the other hand, many authorities state the real causes of the African famine such as drought, overpopulation and poverty. C) Nevertheless, drought and overpopulation should not be ignored as causes of the African famine besides poverty. D) However, the real cause is poverty and only by doing something about this can African people solve the hunger problem. 72) Flats in this part of the town are too expensive for one person. Therefore------------. A) a lot of young people look for someone to share a flat with B) the number of people who move to this part of the town is increasing C) young couples buy second-hand furniture to furnish their flats D) the authorities have promised to build more facilities, such as parks and schools, in the arearh+® 9 www.remzihoca.com 73) Some careers seem traditionally to attract more females than males. For example, ------------. A) in medicine more than 75% of all doctors are men B) teaching and nursing are fields where women are in the majority C) university education is one area where both men and women have made their careers D) in the 1950's and 1960's, many women took jobs outside the home 74) Many people prefer shopping at supermarkets because of the great variety of goods that one can choose from. Moreover, ------------. A) people working at supermarkets tend to be less friendly than those in a grocery store B) most supermarkets have parking areas, a great convenience for many customers C) a supermarket consists of long rows with two-sided shelves D) the interior space of supermarkets is organised carefully in order to increase sales 75) Meteorologists do not know all the effects of air pollution. However,------------. A) many people agree that governments do not punish heavy industries that pollute the air with their smoke B) in polluted areas, a lot of people suffer from breathing problems C) pollution is a big problem in the densely populated areas all over the world D) many of them believe that pollution can and will change weather patterns 76) The government's work program is not having the effect that they expected. In fact, ------------. A) it is winning a lot of support from people who usually disagree with the government B) it was prepared by a team of experts in a short time C) the unemployment rate has started to drop steadily D) the number of people who are out of work is growing, not falling 77) In the U.S., education is free in public elementary and high schools. In the universities, on the other hand------------. A) even children who come from poor families can get an education B) students can often get part-time jobs to support themselves C) students have to pay tuition to attend D) there are differences between the U.S. system and the system of other countries. 78) Some groups of people eat mainly fish and meat whereas------------. A) in developed societies the supply of food is important B) the production of food has been raised by technology C) other types of societies depend on agriculture for food D) for animals, food is just a biological need 79) Serious measures should be taken to protect our environment------------. A) so people are usually careless about pollution B) because the contamination rate is not as high as it used to be C) but the governments seem to be slow in doing so D) in spite of the fact that the land will be extremely contaminated soon 80) In small villages and isolated areas, the water which people use comes from different sources. ------------. A) In some primitive cultures, however, wells are used for ceremonial bathing. B) Therefore, the quantity of water is quite limited in such areas. C) For example, drinking water is obtained from rainwater in some areas. D) In addition, alternative sources are necessary to meet people's needs.rh+® 10 www.remzihoca.com 81) Until the exchange of goods or services in a society becomes complex, simple trade can usually be done by barter, ------------. A) which is the direct exchange of goods and services B) since it is still used in various parts of the world C) that's why money is of great importance to people D) however, it was commonly used in the past 82) People who live in small towns migrate to big cities with the hope of finding better jobs. ------------. A) As a result, cities become too crowded to accommodate these people. B) In contrast, in small towns there aren't many job opportunities. C) This is partly due to the lack of employment in big cities. D) The increase in the population of small towns is caused by these migrations. 83) It's not easy for Kenya to administer a successful family planning programme because many------------. A) people oppose birth control for religious reasons. Moreover . B) the Kenyan government encourages people to have fewer children C) many Kenyans favour large families in order to be supported in their old age D) this view is often against the religious beliefs of many Kenyans E) population growth in Kenya is reaching crisis level 84) The streets of most large cities are not capable of accommodating the large number of vehicles that try to use them. As a result, ------------. A) large cities like New York, Mexico City and Tokyo have serious traffic jams B) every day thousands of vehicles use the streets of large cities like New York, Mexico City and Tokyo C) this problem could be avoided if private cars were not allowed on the streets of large cities D) banning private cars from these cities would take care of the traffic congestion problem 85) Many people believe that saving the planet should be left to governments. However, ------------. A) governments are only in power for five years and may not be re-elected B) governments are not as sensitive to ecological problems as the man in the street C) some people are afraid of taking on the responsibility of saving the planet D) people would not vote for a government that would solve such problems 86) Over the last few years the fastest growing area of book production has been the materials for teaching English to foreign students------------. A) because all over the world there has been an increasing interest in learning English B) so people everywhere find it necessary to learn English C) although other European languages are not as widespread as English D) since such materials cost their publishers a lot of time and energy 87) Parents are not necessarily the best people to judge which school will be the best for their children. ------------. A) As a result, some schools are much more popular and thus more crowded than others. B) Yet, most would refuse any advice claiming they know the best for their children . C) In spite of this, many parents approve of the decisions of educational authorities. D) Consequently, it is the parents who should choose the best school for their children. 88) For some families, living in a small town does not bring relief or peace of mind. On the contrary, ------------. A) they prefer to spend their holidays in such places B) it certainly gives them the opportunity of a healthier and quieter life C) in such places there aren't many educational or entertainment facilities D) it makes them worried about such things as the education of their childrenrh+® 11 www.remzihoca.com 89) There are various reasons why breastfeeding is best for mother and baby. In the first place, both mother and baby derive great emotional satisfaction from this shared pleasure. Moreover, ------------. A) breast milk is germ-free and it builds up the baby's defenses against disease B) the mother has to eat more and this contributes to milk production in the body C) even the manufacturers of baby foods admit that their products are not as nutritious as breast milk D) doctors claim that every healthy mother is capable of feeding her baby with breast milk 90) Allowing workers to start and stop work at the times that suit them best, provided they still work a total of forty hours per week, is a practice known as flexitime. Flexitime arrangements have several advantages. For example, ------------. A) at many companies such arrangements have been made and the results are quite successful B) workers can choose to work during the hours when they will be most productive C) managers are not faced with objections as each worker earns as much as he deserves D) single workers who do not have to run a house can choose to work less 91) The content of a dream often appears to have no connection at all with the immediate thoughts and interests of the individual. In other words, ------------. A) a person who has had a very pleasant day could easily go to sleep and have a horrible nightmare B) if a person has had a bad day, he will surely have a nightmare when he goes to sleep C) the events that have happened during the day determine the content of the dream a person has that night D) it is important to lead a peaceful life to get a good night's sleep which is not interrupted by nightmares 92) The feminist movement caused women to be dissatisfied with their traditional roles as wives and mothers. As a result, ------------. A) women continue to be the majority in occupations that have low wages B) true equality of the sexes has still not been achieved C) more and more women are attracted by the opportunities a working life offers D) a woman can have a career if she has no children and if her husband permits it 93) Judo and karate began in the eastern part of the world, but now many Americans enjoy them, too. In fact, ------------. A) athletes in both sports use their hands, arms, legs and feet B) schools for teaching them have been opened all over the U.S. C) in karate athletes hit each other with the open hand, while in judo they throw one another D) the two sports are good forms of selfdefeense aiming toward the control of the mind and body 94) Crime, especially violent crime, has risen to a point where many people are afraid to walk alone in the street, open their doors after dark and voice their own opinions. Therefore, ------------. A) several factors in society contribute to the crime rate: massive urbanization, unemployment and poverty B) experts argue about who is really to blame for criminal behavior: the individual or society C) some citizens have armed themselves with various weapons, legal or illegal, to defend themselves D) crime has many forms, including crimes against property, person and governmentrh+® 12 www.remzihoca.com 95) ------------. Apart from exceptional cases, students will be better at some language skills than others. A) There are some who are good at both listening and writing. B) Some are good listeners while others are enthusiastic readers. C) Richard doesn't possess any of the skills mentioned above. D) Teachers can train students who don't have any skills. 96) Human beings like to think of themselves as the only animals who possess total control over all their actions. ------------. A) As a result, they declare wars and destroy each other and their surroundings most efficiently. B) However, they can live peacefully confined to their own communities big or small. C) On the other hand, man should not be called an animal in the opinion of Anti-Darwinists. D) Nevertheless, a strong emotion such as fear can cause reactions that are totally beyond human control. 97) Unlike many American bosses, Japanese managers go to great lengths to involve employees in the life of the company. ------------. A) On the contrary, they are very different from the Americans in their treatment of workers. B) For example, Japanese company officials willingly listen to workers' suggestions on better management. C) In fact, company workers in Japan have to be content with inferior wages compared to western standards. D) In conclusion, American management is more democratic in its structure. 98) London is a city where artistic achievement and fulfillment reach their peak. ------------. A) Therefore, it also satisfies one with its historical aspects. B) Nevertheless, I was there last summer to enjoy it all. C) Moreover, living there gives you a sense of freedom. D) To sum up, one can enjoy life in the pubs there. 99) The human immune system is a powerful defense against assaults by bacteria and viruses from outside the body, ------------. A) so it defends itself against those enemies in a powerful way B) while scientists experiment with the genetic factors influencing heredity C) and now scientists may have found a way to turn it against an internal enemy: cancer D) which may weaken the defense potential of the body drastically 100) With more and more computer users complaining of wrist and arm injuries, ------------. A) computer sales have reached their highest level in the last four years B) they are advised to use their fingers on the keyboard more frequently C) computer screens will have to be redesigned to suit human eyesight better D) computer designers are taking a fresh look at the keyboard 101) The human brain is divided into two halves, known as the right and the left hemispheres. ------------. A) For instance, the right hemisphere is more concerned with musical than verbal ability. B) Similarly, many difficult physical tasks show little left hemisphere involvement. C) Although the hemispheres cooperate for many functions, research suggests they control different activities. D) It appears that the left hemisphere has enough to do coordinating the abilities to read, write and speak. 102) Many writers admit that they really do not like to write. ------------. A) In fact, they keep on writing and contribute to literature, social sciences and arts. B) Despite this, almost all writers experience a feeling of satisfaction and accomplishment when they complete a piece of writing. C) For example, my uncle, who is a novelist, has written twenty-one detective novels in eight years. D) Moreover, writers always consult with each other.rh+® 13 www.remzihoca.com 103) Although the new transportation project seems to offer a good solution to the traffic problem, ------------. A) some people are against it B) the authorities are working on it C) many people use private cars D) traffic jams make people nervous 104) Psychologists say rewarding children too often is just as bad as punishing them frequently. However, ------------. A) some parents punish their children severely B) some parents reward their children on every possible occasion C) parents shouldn't give any physical punishment D) most parents have difficulty in educating their children 105) Many kinds of food crops are grown in Turkey. For example, ------------. A) cotton is cultivated in many regions of the country B) the eastern parts are not very suitable for growing fruit C) in the southern parts people cultivate oranges and bananas D) fruit grown in the western part is sold to other countries 106) Although certain chemicals used in farming are dangerous for humans, ------------. A) these chemicals are harmful for small children and unborn babies B) in areas where DDT, a chemical to kill insects, was used many people had health problems C) many governments do not seriously control the production and sale of these chemicals D) farmers in most countries do not want to use these harmful substances 107) Today a lot of women go to university to study law, medicine, business and engineering since------------. A) the number of women working outside the home has been increasing B) work inside the home is more interesting than it was before C) certain jobs, such as nursing and teaching, have always been popular among women D) they are interested in a good career that they can have for the rest of their lives 108) For many people, Columbus was the first European to reach America. However, today many scientists believe that ------------. A) the Vikings were there 400 years before him B) in 1492 his small ships landed in the Bahamas C) many European explorers arrived in America after Columbus D) the remains of a village from the early 1500's have been discovered recently 109) In London, there are buses and underground trains that run 24 hours a day and take you to all parts of the city. Hence, ------------. A) there are taxis which can easily be called by phone B) London has a good system of public transport C) the government should spend more money to solve the traffic problem D) foreigners in London have difficulty driving on the left-hand side of the road 110) The library of a university or college is essential to the students. There, they find the materials they need for writing reports and term papers. Moreover, ------------. A) for many students it is the most convenient place to study B) teachers encourage their students to use the library C) a school without a library cannot provide proper education for students D) a good library spends thousands of dollars on new books and magazinesrh+® 14 www.remzihoca.com 111) Rivers give us fish to eat and water to drink and as well as being the home of many kinds of plant and animal life. Therefore, ------------. A) we use river water for power to make electricity B) they are an important part of Earth's ecology C) fishing on some rivers is strictly forbidden D) they are getting polluted through man's activities 112) Regular check-ups have become a habit in developed countries. However, in developing countries people don't see doctors on a regular basis. On the contrary, ------------. A) the idea of going to a doctor excites them B) life expectancy is low compared to that in developed countries C) regular check-ups are essential for a long and healthy life D) they tend to avoid seeing a doctor even when they are seriously ill 113) Nature has provided every living creature with some way to protect itself. For example, ------------. A) the bird can fly miles away to migrate to hot countries B) the chameleon can deceive its enemies by changing its skin colour C) the lion is said to be the wildest animal in the world D) the monkey climbs trees to find food 114) Due to its special properties, the laser has potential uses in many fields including medicine. In fact, ------------. A) for many years scientists did not want to use the laser, which is capable of enormous destruction B) scientists have found that the laser beam can transmit human voices, which helps communication C) scientists have found that the laser has a wide range of applications in different fields D) scientists have developed laser knives that are successfully used in operations 115) Unlike high schools, universities do not call parents if students do not attend classes. On the contrary------------. A) when they do not attend, no one from the university informs parents B) students are treated as if they were children, just like in high schools C) they expect the students to keep their own attendance records D) when they do not attend classes they can't catch up with the program 116) It is true that some tooth decay can be avoided with immediate brushing after eating. However, ------------. A) most decay occurs due to genetic factors or bad dietary habits B) regular tooth brushing leads to fewer dental problems C) each time we eat sugar we should brush our teeth immediately D) processed sugar is said to be a relatively harmless sweetener with a pleasant taste 117) Among the psychological effects of heavy drug use among students are a loss of interest in schoolwork and a tendency to lie. Moreover, ------------. A) drug use increases the heart-beat rate up to 50 per cent B) there is a change in the attitude toward the family C) drugs like marijuana have several attractions for young children D) marijuana smoking carries many of the dangers of cigarette smoking 118) Many suggestions have been offered as to why the nuclear family structure is in decline. ------------. A) Some of these suggestions are wide-ranging and profound, others are close range. B) The term 'nuclear family' was coined after the end of World War II. C) Of course, what do you expect of such a structure which is constantly bombarded by immorality? D) For example, many people prefer to live together in communes now.rh+® 15 www.remzihoca.com 119) Money has a strong appeal to the ego because it represents power. ------------. A) Each increase in wealth or power yields a measure of ego satisfaction. B) Moreover, some people hate it because it complicates their lives. C) However, experiments verify that egoists are very fond of money. D) This is why money was first used in market economies. 120) A man can control his mind, but he can never fully control his body. ------------. A) The body is mortal; it grows and decays. B) Compared to the animals that were his predators in his early history, man's body was weak and relatively helpless. C) There are processes in the body which the mind cannot comprehend or control, such as the beat of his heart or the blink of his eyes. D) The body has feeling, and it alone can experience pleasure, joy and ecstasy.rh+® 16 www.remzihoca.com 1) Most people are extremely frightened of travelling by airplane; ------, they prefer to travel by another means of transport even if it takes longer. A) provided that B) in that case C) therefore D) rather 2) He wanted to learn German so much that he went to Germany to study the language. ------, when he came back, he still couldn't communicate. A) In contrast B) However C) On the contrary D) Although 3) The appliance department couldn't sell their products at that price. ------, they decided to make a reduction. A) Consequently B) In addition C) Because D) Otherwise 4) That country imports more goods than it exports and there is also the problem of inflation. ------, it is going through a period of economic depression. A) In brief B) In that case C) Since D) For example 5) ------several solutions to the problem have been proposed, the most appropriate one hasn't been chosen yet. A) Even if B) Even though C) Since D) In spite of Many psychologists say that rough, aggressive sports like boxing or soccer are a way for both players and viewers to release their anger, ------(6) they help to lessen feelings of violence. In fact, many people see international games as a way to build goodwill and understanding among nations. (7) ------, there are other psychologists who argue that taking part in aggressive sports does not eliminate feelings of violence; (8) ------, it builds them up. They also say that violent acts that often occur on the playing field affect the fans as well. (9) ------, violence in sports can cause violence in people watching those sports. 6) A) provided that B) and thus C) although D) of course 7) A) Moreover B) Consequently C) Unless D) However 8) A) on the contrary B) since C) such as D) although 9) A) Whereas B) In Other Words C) In Spite Of D) Fortunatelyrh+® 17 www.remzihoca.com This is a report written by a hotel inspector. REPORT ON MY VISIT TO HOTEL DU LAC For the most part, I found things to be operating smoothly and efficiently. The staff seemed hard working and courteous. (10) ------, as soon as I checked in, a very polite porter was right there to take my luggage and escort me to my room. ------(11), the facilities and service were very good, especially those connected with the front desk, the lobby, and the dining room. I must report a few concerns, though. (12) ------, the elevator service was slow. This is not surprising when you consider that there are only two elevators serving a hotel of sixteen floors. Moreover, the air conditioning in my room was difficult to adjust to a comfortable level. (13) ------, I had to ask for help from one of the staff and he used tools to make the adjustment. (14) , the carpeting on the main staircase was faded and worn. For aesthetic reasons as well as for reasons of safety, it should be replaced. (15) ------, if the problems mentioned in this report are corrected, the hotel will merit an excellent quality rating, including its service, staff and facilities. 10) A) As a result B) In short C) For example D) Even though 11) A) However B) In addition C) Because D) In case 12) A) Furthermore B) Therefore C) Meanwhile D) To begin with 13) A) In Fact B) However C) Moreover D) Consequently 14) A) However B) As A Result C) Finally D) Of Course 15) A) In Conclusion B) Yet C) Accordingly D) That Is There are many sources of danger related to the use of nuclear reactions to supply us with energy. First, the radioactive material must travel from its place of manufacture to the power station. (16) ------the power stations themselves are solidly built, the containers used for the transport of the material are not. (17) ------, there are only two methods of transport available, namely road or rail, and both of these involve close contact with the general public (18) ------the routes are sure to pass near, or even through, heavily populated areas. 16) A) Although B) That Is C) In Contrast D) Because 17) A) Consequently B) Unfortunately C) Despite This D) Unless 18) A) if B) since C) but D) meanwhilerh+® 18 www.remzihoca.com (19) ------, there is the problem of waste. All nuclear power stations produce wastes that in most cases will remain radioactive for thousands of years. It is impossible to make these wastes non-radioactive. (20) ------, they must be stored in one of the several ways that scientists have developed. (21) ------, they may be buried under the ground or dropped into abandoned mines, or sunk in the sea. (22) ------, the problem still remains as these methods do not eliminate the danger; they only provide a temporary solution. An earthquake could easily crack the containers open. 19) A) As A Result B) For Instance C) On The Contrary D) Secondly 20) A) Therefore B) In Other Words C) Since D) In Case 21) A) Unlike B) On The Other Hand C) For Instance D) Besides 22) A) Moreover B) That Is C) However D) In Contrast (23) ------, there is the problem of accidental exposure due to a leak or an explosion at the power station. As with the other two possible dangers, this is not very likely, so it does not provide a serious objection to the nuclear program. (24) ------, it can happen. (25) ------separately, these three types of risks are not a great cause for concern. Taken together, however, the probability of disaster is extremely high. 23) A) Because B) Finally C) Even Though D) In Fact 24) A) Nevertheless B) Therefore C) In Conclusion D) Moreover 25) A) Provided That B) Afterwards C) Although D) To Sum Uprh+® 19 www.remzihoca.com Heart disease, that is the decrease or disorder of cardiac output, is the leading cause of death in the world today (26) it has wide-reaching effects on the body. (27) ------, when the amount of blood pumped by the heart decreases, the transport of oxygen and nutrients to the body tissues decreases. (28) ------, the transport of carbon dioxide and other products of metabolism to the lungs and kidneys becomes less efficient and so less effective in eliminating toxic elements from the body. (29) ------, the body is slowly poisoned by its own toxic wastes. Finally, the distribution of hormones and other substances that regulate cell function decreases as the blood from the heart decreases. (30) ------, heart disease cannot be considered as a simple destruction of one part of the body. 26) A) because B) or C) so D) although 27) A) Therefore B) Thus C) For example D) That is 28) A) In contrast B) Furthermore C) Hence D) Despite this 29) A) On the contrary B) In addition C) Consequently D) Besides 30) A) In other words B) However C) Meanwhile D) Afterwards Fill in each blank with a suitable connector from the list. There are more connectors than you need. There may be more than one answer to certain blanks. as furthermore however because nevertheless such as so in addition therefore although thus on the other hand nonetheless yet Feudalism was dying in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries, and the strong nation-state was taking the place of this old system of small, private states. These modern nation-states were well organized and could wage wars using many more soldiers than before. (31) ------more soldiers were involved in the fighting, wars became bloodier and large armies were very common. Guns began to be used instead of other weapons, (32) ------swords and spears. Before this, soldiers had worn suits made of metal, which protected them against spears and swords. These suits of armour were expensive, (33) ------only rich people could fight wars. (34) ------, armour could not protect the soldier against fire-arms. Gunpowder, a substance used in all guns or firearms, therefore, became an important part of war. Wars were no longer fought by rich people with suits of armour. The common person, using firearms and gunpowder, became more important as a soldier. (35) ------, gunpowder helped to facilitate the transition from feudalism to the nation-state.rh+® 20 www.remzihoca.com There is much discussion today about whether economic growth is desirable. At an earlier period, our desire for material wealth may have been justified. Now, (36) ------, this desire for more than we need is causing serious problems. (37) ------we have good intentions; we may be producing too much, too fast. Those who criticise economic growth argue that we must slow down (38) ------they believe that society is approaching certain limits on growth. These include the fixed supply of natural resources and the continuing increase in the world's population. (39) ------, there are the possible negative effects of industry on the natural environment. As society reaches these limits, economic growth can no longer continue, and the quality of life will decrease. People who want more economic growth, (40) ------, argue that even at the present growth rate there are still many poor people in the world. These proponents of economic growth believe that only more growth can create the capital needed to improve the quality of life in the world. (41) ------, they argue that only continued growth can provide the financial resources required to protect our natural surroundings fro industrialisation. Fill in each blank with a connector from the list. Use each only once. however although in spite of nevertheless (42) ------its difficulties, life in the university can be considered the best years of one's life. (43) ------, it is not appreciated by most students. As soon as a student enters the campus, he finds liberty, adult friendships, team work and all sorts of recreation he has missed all his life. (44) ------, he can hardly find time to benefit from all these opportunities because of the density of his academic calendar. To my way of thinking, (45) ------a university student's life may be loaded with different courses and academic studies, he can still find time to enjoy the social activities on the campus. Fill in each blank with a suitable connector from the list. There are more connectors than you need. There may be more than one answer to certain blanks. as furthermore however because nevertheless such as so in addition therefore although thus on the other hand nonetheless yet