ENGLISH AT HOMEGrammar syllabus : ENGLISH AT HOMEGrammar syllabus Theme 1: French v. English 1 www.spanishsouthamerica.org
Comparison of characteristics : accents in many words ------only in foreign words
agreement yes -----no
articles more common----less common
capitalization less common -----more common
conjugations different for each grammatical person----- different only for third person singular
contractions required----- optional and informal
gender for all nouns and most pronouns -----only for personal pronouns
liaisons yes ------no
negation two words -----one word
prepositions certain verbs require prepositions -----many phrasal verbs
rhythm stress at end of each rhythmic group -----stressed syllable in each word, plus stress on important word
Roman numerals more common, often ordinal ----less common, rarely ordinal
subjunctive common -----extremely rare
From http://french.about.com/od/lessons/a/differences.htm Comparison of characteristics 2 www.spanishsouthamerica.org
Gender : As previously shown briefly, English nouns and adjectives have no gender
http://www.edufind.com/English/Grammar/NOUNS1.CFM Gender 3 www.spanishsouthamerica.org
Let’s focus on Nouns : Definition: A noun is a word used to refer to people, animals, objects, substances, states, events and feelings. Nouns can be a subject or an object of a verb, can be modified by an adjective and can take an article or determiner
For example:
Table
Pencil
The dog
A white house Let’s focus on Nouns 4 www.spanishsouthamerica.org
Slide 5 : Nouns also denote abstract and intangible concepts.
For example:
birth
happiness
evolution
technology, etc. 5 www.spanishsouthamerica.org
NOUN PLURALS : The general rule is to add "-s" to the noun in singular
For example:
Book - Books
House - Houses
Chair - Chairs NOUN PLURALS 6 www.spanishsouthamerica.org
Slide 7 : When the singular noun ends in: -sh, -ch, -s, -ss, -x, -o we form their plural form by adding "-es".
For example:
sandwich - sandwiches
brush - brushes
bus - buses
box - boxes
potato - potatoes 7 www.spanishsouthamerica.org
Slide 8 : When the singular noun ends in "y", we change the "y" for "i" and then add "-es" to form the plural form. But do not change the "y" for "ies" to form the plural when the singular noun ends in "y" preceded by a vowel.
For example:
nappy - nappies
day - days
toy - toys 8 www.spanishsouthamerica.org
Slide 9 : However, there are many Irregular Nouns which do not form the plural in this way:
For example:
Woman - Women
Child - Children
Sheep - Sheep 9 www.spanishsouthamerica.org
Plural : http://www.englisch-hilfen.de/en/exercises/nouns_articles/plural.htm
http://www.usingenglish.com/quizzes/71.html Plural 10 www.spanishsouthamerica.org
Playing games : For children but nice:
http://www.englishexercises.org/makeagame/viewgame.asp?id=723
(Let’s use the timer to do the exercises and see how it works!!) Playing games 11 www.spanishsouthamerica.org
Types of Nouns : Proper nouns are the names of specific things, people, or places, such as Jhon, France. They usually begin with a capital letter.
Common nouns are general names such as person, mansion, and book. They can be either concrete or abstract.
Concrete nouns refer to things which you can sense such as clock and telephone.
Abstract nouns refer to ideas or qualities such as liberty and truth.
Countable nouns refer to things which can be counted (can be singular or plural)
Uncountable nouns refer to some groups of countable nouns, substances, feelings and types of activity (can only be singular) Types of Nouns 12 www.spanishsouthamerica.org
Proper nouns : Proper nouns (also called proper names) are the words which name specific people, organisations, places, titles, cities, countries, calendar times, etc. They are always written with a capital letter. They represent unique entities;
In English and most other languages that use the latin alphabet, they are capitalized.
For example:
Janet; Simon; John Wesley; London; The President; Tuesday; Christmas; Thanksgiving; Atlantic Ocean; Spain.
Examples:
Peter lives in Spain.
Many people dread Monday mornings.
Beltane is celebrated on the first of May.
Abraham appears in the Talmud and in the Koran. Proper nouns 13 www.spanishsouthamerica.org
Common nouns : A common noun is a word that names people, places, things, or ideas. They are not the names of a single person, place or thing. A common noun begins with a lowercase letter unless it is at the beginning of a sentence.Examples:
People: man, woman, girl, baby, son, dughther, policeman, teacher
Animals: cat, dog, fish, ant, snake
Things: bear, book, boat, table, chair, phone
Places: bank, school, city, building, shop
Ideas: love, hate, idea, pride
Example sentences:
apple: I love a good red apple after dinner.
dog, yard: The black dog is in my yard.
book, table: The red book is on the table.
call: Give me a call when you arrive. Common nouns 14 www.spanishsouthamerica.org
Concrete nouns : Concrete nouns refers to objects and substances, including people and animals, physical items that we can perceive through our senses, that means concrete nouns can be touched, felt, held, something visible, smelt, taste, or be heard.They can be countable nouns or uncountable nouns, and singular nouns or plural nouns. Concrete nouns can also be a common noun, proper nouns and collective nouns. Example:
This is my house.
* In this example the noun "house" names a building where I live. That building is an individual object and can be seen and touched by everyone.
Other examples:
Common Concrete Nouns: snake, cat, table, girl, water
Countable Concrete Nouns (Singular): table, computer, book, door
Countable Concrete Nouns (Plural): tables, computers, books, doors
Uncountable Concrete Nouns: sugar, rice, water, air, oil, salt, cheese
Proper Nouns: Mrs. Jones, Tom Cruise, Max Ryan
* "Time" is a concept that has no physical existence; it is not a Concrete Noun Concrete nouns 15 www.spanishsouthamerica.org
Abstract nouns : An abstract noun refers to states, events, concepts, feelings, qualities, etc., that have no physical existence. Examples:
Friendship; peace; romance; humor are all abstract nouns that have no physical existence.
An abstract noun can be either a countable noun or uncountable noun. Abstract nouns that refer to events are almost usually countable: a noise; a meeting.
In English many abstract nouns are formed by adding suffixes (-ness, - ity. – tion ) to adjectives or verbs. For examples: Happiness = Happy ( adj.) , circulation = to circulate (verb) Abstract nouns 16 www.spanishsouthamerica.org
Slide 17 : Nouns Proper Common Abstract Concrete Count. Uncount. 17 www.spanishsouthamerica.org
Identifying nouns : http://www.ucl.ac.uk/internet-grammar/exlist/exlist.htm Identifying nouns 18 www.spanishsouthamerica.org
Countable and Uncountable nouns : http://www.ucl.ac.uk/internet-grammar/exlist/exlist.htm Countable and Uncountable nouns 19 www.spanishsouthamerica.org
Countable nouns : Countable nouns 20 www.spanishsouthamerica.org
Uncountable nouns : Uncountable nouns 21 www.spanishsouthamerica.org
Revision : Plural, Type of nouns
http://www.edhelper.com/language/pluralnouns2106.html Revision 22 www.spanishsouthamerica.org
Slide 23 : This is sample material but gives an overall idea
Hope it is useful
Thanks for your interest
Feel free to contact us
salavirtual1@hotmail.com
www.spanishsouthamerica.org www.spanishsouthamerica.org 23