RICARDO E. VALENZUELA RUIZARQUITECTO : RICARDO E. VALENZUELA RUIZARQUITECTO E-mail varr1947@yahoo.com
Skype. rico0013 http://englishmistakeswelcome.blogspot.com/Blog Spanish blog: English blog: http://ricardo-elcastellanoenmxico.blogspot.com/
SUMER : SUMER .
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Suggested reconstruction of the Tell al-'Ubaid temple-tower's facade : Suggested reconstruction of the Tell al-'Ubaid temple-tower's facade
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• description: terracotta figurine with 'lizard-shaped' face, nude, female; shoulders and upper arms decorated with applied clay pellets; hair piece added, made of bitumen; Late Ubaid to early Uruk period : • description: terracotta figurine with 'lizard-shaped' face, nude, female; shoulders and upper arms decorated with applied clay pellets; hair piece added, made of bitumen; Late Ubaid to early Uruk period
• date: (ca. 4000 BC)• description: terracotta, nude male, with 'lizard-shaped' face and pointed head (hair piece?), holding stick in his pellets left hand; shoulders decorated with applied clay : • date: (ca. 4000 BC)• description: terracotta, nude male, with 'lizard-shaped' face and pointed head (hair piece?), holding stick in his pellets left hand; shoulders decorated with applied clay
Fertility goddess sculptures such as this Halaf example of c.5000 BC were widely prevalent : Fertility goddess sculptures such as this Halaf example of c.5000 BC were widely prevalent
A necklace of obsidian beads, cowrie shells and a stone pendant from Arpachiyah, alongside amuletic stone seals : A necklace of obsidian beads, cowrie shells and a stone pendant from Arpachiyah, alongside amuletic stone seals
Ubaid Period terracotta figurines were probably made for magical or religious purposes : Ubaid Period terracotta figurines were probably made for magical or religious purposes
Terracotta sickle, peg, axe and hammer heads, and spindle whorl, all left and centre, and a mace head and axe or hoe head on the right, probably Ubaid period 5000-4000 BC from Ur and Tell al-'Ubaid : Terracotta sickle, peg, axe and hammer heads, and spindle whorl, all left and centre, and a mace head and axe or hoe head on the right, probably Ubaid period 5000-4000 BC from Ur and Tell al-'Ubaid
Animal figurines, perhaps bulls, decorated with paint from Ur : Animal figurines, perhaps bulls, decorated with paint from Ur
A seated Hassuna figurine from around 6000 BC : A seated Hassuna figurine from around 6000 BC
Stone figurines which were typical of the period around 6000 a.c. : Stone figurines which were typical of the period around 6000 a.c. A seated Hassuna figurine from around 6000 BC A seated Hassuna figurine from around 6000 BC
Alabaster figurines such as this from Tell es-Sawwan were sophisticated objects : Alabaster figurines such as this from Tell es-Sawwan were sophisticated objects
Bowls and vase from the Samarra Culture : Bowls and vase from the Samarra Culture
Illustration of an Hassuna dwelling as it would have been in c.5700 BC : Illustration of an Hassuna dwelling as it would have been in c.5700 BC
An alabaster Samarra figurine from Tell es-Sawwan, near Samarra 5000 a.c. : An alabaster Samarra figurine from Tell es-Sawwan, near Samarra 5000 a.c.
Ceramic plates were dynamically- painted, these ones being dated to 5500 BC : Ceramic plates were dynamically- painted, these ones being dated to 5500 BC
Hand-made pottery in the Samarra style was being made within the period 6000-5500 BC in central Iraq : Hand-made pottery in the Samarra style was being made within the period 6000-5500 BC in central Iraq
Fertility goddess sculptures such as this Halaf example of c.5000 BC were widely prevalent : Fertility goddess sculptures such as this Halaf example of c.5000 BC were widely prevalent
Painted bowl. Arpachiyah. Halaf culture, c. 5000 BC. Pottery, h. 10.5 cm, diam. 20 cm. IM 14749. : Painted bowl. Arpachiyah. Halaf culture, c. 5000 BC. Pottery, h. 10.5 cm, diam. 20 cm. IM 14749.
Zoomorphic vase: porcupine. Arpachiyah. Halaf culture, c. 5000 BC. Terracotta, h. 12 cm, l. 17 cm. IM 14751 : Zoomorphic vase: porcupine. Arpachiyah. Halaf culture, c. 5000 BC. Terracotta, h. 12 cm, l. 17 cm. IM 14751
Zoomorphic vase: fish. C. 5th millennium BC. Pottery, h. 14 cm, l. 28 cm. IM 45371. : Zoomorphic vase: fish. C. 5th millennium BC. Pottery, h. 14 cm, l. 28 cm. IM 45371.
Vase with spout. Eridu/Abu Shahrain. Early Uruk culture, c. 4000-3500 BC. Pottery, h with spout. 17 cm, diam. 25 cm. IM 54831. : Vase with spout. Eridu/Abu Shahrain. Early Uruk culture, c. 4000-3500 BC. Pottery, h with spout. 17 cm, diam. 25 cm. IM 54831.
Trilobate painted bowl. Eridu/Abu Shahrain. Early Uruk culture, c. 4000-3500 BC. Pottery, h. 9.5 cm, diam. 13 cm. IM 54784. : Trilobate painted bowl. Eridu/Abu Shahrain. Early Uruk culture, c. 4000-3500 BC. Pottery, h. 9.5 cm, diam. 13 cm. IM 54784.
Conical painted "egg shell" cup. Eridu/Abu Shahrain. Early Uruk culture, c. 4000-3500 BC. Pottery, h. 5 cm, diam. 13.5 cm. IM 55022. : Conical painted "egg shell" cup. Eridu/Abu Shahrain. Early Uruk culture, c. 4000-3500 BC. Pottery, h. 5 cm, diam. 13.5 cm. IM 55022.
Painted Ubaid pottery, from Eridu, datable to about 4000 BC. Pottery, h. 5/6 cm, diam. 26/29 cm. IM 54842 : Painted Ubaid pottery, from Eridu, datable to about 4000 BC. Pottery, h. 5/6 cm, diam. 26/29 cm. IM 54842 .
Painted vase. Eridu/Abu Shahrain. Early Uruk culture, c. 4000-3500 BC. Pottery, h 13.2 cm, diam. 13 cm. IM 14803. : Painted vase. Eridu/Abu Shahrain. Early Uruk culture, c. 4000-3500 BC. Pottery, h 13.2 cm, diam. 13 cm. IM 14803.
LEFT) Nude female figurine. Eridu/Abu Shahrain. Early Uruk culture, c. 4000-3500 BC. Terracotta, h. 14.5 cm. IM 8574.(RIGHT) Nude male figurine. Eridu/Abu Shahrain. Early Uruk culture, c. 4000-3500 BC. Terracotta, h. 13.5 cm. IM 54931. : LEFT) Nude female figurine. Eridu/Abu Shahrain. Early Uruk culture, c. 4000-3500 BC. Terracotta, h. 14.5 cm. IM 8574.(RIGHT) Nude male figurine. Eridu/Abu Shahrain. Early Uruk culture, c. 4000-3500 BC. Terracotta, h. 13.5 cm. IM 54931.
Female figurine (mother goddess?). Provenance unknown. 6th-5th millennium BC. Terracotta, h. 7.7 cm. IM 42610. : Female figurine (mother goddess?). Provenance unknown. 6th-5th millennium BC. Terracotta, h. 7.7 cm. IM 42610.
Model of a boat. Ur/Tell al Muqayyar. C. 4000-3500 BC. Terracotta, l. 22.5 cm, h. 8.5 cm. IM 20010. : Model of a boat. Ur/Tell al Muqayyar. C. 4000-3500 BC. Terracotta, l. 22.5 cm, h. 8.5 cm. IM 20010.
Animal group. Uruk/Warka. Early Uruk culture, c. 4000-3500 BC. Terracotta, h. 4.5 cm, l. 4.6 cm. IM 45623. : Animal group. Uruk/Warka. Early Uruk culture, c. 4000-3500 BC. Terracotta, h. 4.5 cm, l. 4.6 cm. IM 45623.
Djemdet Nasr culture, c. third millennium BC., h. 26 cm., diam. 33 cm. IM 47788. : Djemdet Nasr culture, c. third millennium BC., h. 26 cm., diam. 33 cm. IM 47788.
Color Plate I.The "Warka Head" -- the front part of a female head. Uruk/Warka. Late Uruk culture, c. 3300-3000 BC. Marble or alabaster, h. 21.5 cm. IM 45434. : Color Plate I.The "Warka Head" -- the front part of a female head. Uruk/Warka. Late Uruk culture, c. 3300-3000 BC. Marble or alabaster, h. 21.5 cm. IM 45434.
Stele with priest-king's lion hunt. Uruk/Warka. Late Uruk culture, c. 3300-3000 BC. Black diorite, h. 80 cm, w. 50 cm. IM 23.477. : Stele with priest-king's lion hunt. Uruk/Warka. Late Uruk culture, c. 3300-3000 BC. Black diorite, h. 80 cm, w. 50 cm. IM 23.477. .
Color Plate II.Large vase. Uruk/Warka, Uruk culture, c. 3500 BC. Reddish brown marble, h. 37 cm., max. diam 20 cm. IM 59935. : Color Plate II.Large vase. Uruk/Warka, Uruk culture, c. 3500 BC. Reddish brown marble, h. 37 cm., max. diam 20 cm. IM 59935.
Terracotta head of a ewe, probably a temple decoration, Late Uruk Period, 3200-2900 BC : Terracotta head of a ewe, probably a temple decoration, Late Uruk Period, 3200-2900 BC
Bowl with animals in relief. Late Uruk culture, c. 3500-3200 BC. Limestone, h. 9.0 cm, diam. 22.0 cm. IM 10786. : Bowl with animals in relief. Late Uruk culture, c. 3500-3200 BC. Limestone, h. 9.0 cm, diam. 22.0 cm. IM 10786.
Vase with inlays. Khafaje. Jemdet Nasr Period, late 4th millennium - early 3rd millennium BC. Bituminous limestone with mother-of-pearl, h. 11.1 cm, diam. 17 cm. IM 27904. : Vase with inlays. Khafaje. Jemdet Nasr Period, late 4th millennium - early 3rd millennium BC. Bituminous limestone with mother-of-pearl, h. 11.1 cm, diam. 17 cm. IM 27904.
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An example of a Sumerian cylinder seal from the earliest pictorial script phase at about 3300 BC : An example of a Sumerian cylinder seal from the earliest pictorial script phase at about 3300 BC
Casts of both faces of a pictographic stone tablet from 3300-3100 BC, not fully understood, show a human head, a sledge, a foot, a hand, and the numbers 1, 2, and 3 : Casts of both faces of a pictographic stone tablet from 3300-3100 BC, not fully understood, show a human head, a sledge, a foot, a hand, and the numbers 1, 2, and 3
The second phase of script from about 2800 BC : The second phase of script from about 2800 BC
Phase three script, year four of the reign of Uruinimgina of Lagash (2348 BC), describing barley rations distribution to workmen and their families in Girsu : Phase three script, year four of the reign of Uruinimgina of Lagash (2348 BC), describing barley rations distribution to workmen and their families in Girsu
Inscriptions were rediscovered, maintaining an understanding of older forms of cuneiform : Inscriptions were rediscovered, maintaining an understanding of older forms of cuneiform
One of a small number of tablets written on gypsum plaster, before clay became the standard material, this from Uruk about 3300-3100 BC : One of a small number of tablets written on gypsum plaster, before clay became the standard material, this from Uruk about 3300-3100 BC
Standing figurine of the god Enlil. Nippur/Nuffar. Early Dynastic II-III, c. 2550 BC. Limestone, h. 27.5 cm. IM 66183. : Standing figurine of the god Enlil. Nippur/Nuffar. Early Dynastic II-III, c. 2550 BC. Limestone, h. 27.5 cm. IM 66183.
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Standing figure of an orant. Tutub/Khafaje. Early Dynastic I, c. 2700-2650 BC. Black breccia, h. 43 cm. IM 20083. : Standing figure of an orant. Tutub/Khafaje. Early Dynastic I, c. 2700-2650 BC. Black breccia, h. 43 cm. IM 20083.
Support in the form of a bearded orant. Tutub/Khafaje. Early Dynastic I, Fara period, c. 2900-2650 BC. Copper, h. 53.5 cm. IM 8969. : Support in the form of a bearded orant. Tutub/Khafaje. Early Dynastic I, Fara period, c. 2900-2650 BC. Copper, h. 53.5 cm. IM 8969.
Color Plate IV.Support in the form of a bearded orant. Tutub/Khafaje. Early Dynastic I, Fara period, c. 2900-2650 BC. Copper, h. 53.5 cm. IM 8969. : Color Plate IV.Support in the form of a bearded orant. Tutub/Khafaje. Early Dynastic I, Fara period, c. 2900-2650 BC. Copper, h. 53.5 cm. IM 8969.
Female head from a statue. Tutub/Khafaje. Tutub/Khafaje. Early Dynastic I, c. 2900-2650 BC. Limestone, h. 5.2 cm. IM 19620. : Female head from a statue. Tutub/Khafaje. Tutub/Khafaje. Early Dynastic I, c. 2900-2650 BC. Limestone, h. 5.2 cm. IM 19620.
Upper part of an orant figure. Tutub/Khafaje. Early Dynastic I, c. 2900-2650 BC. Limestone, h. 14 cm. IM 32404. : Upper part of an orant figure. Tutub/Khafaje. Early Dynastic I, c. 2900-2650 BC. Limestone, h. 14 cm. IM 32404.
Bull protome. Provenance unknown. Early Dynastic I, c. 2900-2650 BC. Limestone, h. 17.6 cm. IM 45020. : Bull protome. Provenance unknown. Early Dynastic I, c. 2900-2650 BC. Limestone, h. 17.6 cm. IM 45020.
Pierced votive wall plaque: couple at religious banquet; animals. Eshnunna/Tell Asmar. Early Dynastic I, c. 2700 BC. Limestone, h. 20 cm, w. 20 cm. IM 19794. : Pierced votive wall plaque: couple at religious banquet; animals. Eshnunna/Tell Asmar. Early Dynastic I, c. 2700 BC. Limestone, h. 20 cm, w. 20 cm. IM 19794.
Cosmetic vessel with relief of four bulls. Nippur/Nuffar. Early Dynastic II, c. 2600 BC. Alabaster with bitumen and mother-of-pearl inlays, h. 8 cm, w. 10 and 8.5 cm. IM : Cosmetic vessel with relief of four bulls. Nippur/Nuffar. Early Dynastic II, c. 2600 BC. Alabaster with bitumen and mother-of-pearl inlays, h. 8 cm, w. 10 and 8.5 cm. IM
Painted vase. Tell Agrab. Early Dynastic I, c. 2900-2800 BC. Pottery, h 22 cm. IM 41018. : Painted vase. Tell Agrab. Early Dynastic I, c. 2900-2800 BC. Pottery, h 22 cm. IM 41018.
height: ca. 18• material: clay (baked)• date: Early Dynastic I (ca. 2800 BC)• description: bowl, pedestaled; monochrome painting; geometric designs; Billah Ware : height: ca. 18• material: clay (baked)• date: Early Dynastic I (ca. 2800 BC)• description: bowl, pedestaled; monochrome painting; geometric designs; Billah Ware
Color Plate VI. : Color Plate VI.
Necklace with five large incised beads. Ur/Tell al Muqayyar. Early Dynastic IIIA, c. 2550-2400 BC. Carnelian, gold, lapis lazuli, l. 28 cm. IM 8386 : Necklace with five large incised beads. Ur/Tell al Muqayyar. Early Dynastic IIIA, c. 2550-2400 BC. Carnelian, gold, lapis lazuli, l. 28 cm. IM 8386
dimension(s) (in cm):height: 19• material: clay (baked)• date: (ca. 1900 BC)• description: figurine of male, wearing cap, stylized, curly beard, wearing long robe (one shoulder bare), holding tool (axe? adze?) in left hand; standing on perforated socle : dimension(s) (in cm):height: 19• material: clay (baked)• date: (ca. 1900 BC)• description: figurine of male, wearing cap, stylized, curly beard, wearing long robe (one shoulder bare), holding tool (axe? adze?) in left hand; standing on perforated socle
A section of the 'Standard of Ur', which is more probably part of a musical instrument 1700 b.c. : A section of the 'Standard of Ur', which is more probably part of a musical instrument 1700 b.c. .
The so-called Royal Standard of Ur was probably a music instrument : The so-called Royal Standard of Ur was probably a music instrument
The flood tablet : The flood tablet
dimension(s) (in cm):height: 4.3• material: clay (baked)• date: (ca. 1300 BC)• description: terracotta head; bearded; beard painted black, face painted red; Kassite : dimension(s) (in cm):height: 4.3• material: clay (baked)• date: (ca. 1300 BC)• description: terracotta head; bearded; beard painted black, face painted red; Kassite