NUTRITONAL ANTHROPOMETRYAN OVERVIEWByDr. BHASKARA RAO BUSI,Professor of Anthropology (Retd.)ANDHRA UNIVERSITY,VISAKHAPATNAM-530003 : NUTRITONAL ANTHROPOMETRYAN OVERVIEWByDr. BHASKARA RAO BUSI,Professor of Anthropology (Retd.)ANDHRA UNIVERSITY,VISAKHAPATNAM-530003
Slide 2 : What is Anthropometry?
The basic technique of physical anthropology helps in the measurement of human body.
Definition
Anthropometry may be defined as the systematized technique for measuring and taking observations on the human body and its different parts.
Slide 3 : Anthropometry includes 2 parts
Measurements on living includes:
i. Somatometry (on body)
ii. Cephalometry (on head and face)
b. Measurements on skeletal parts includes:
i. Osteometry (on bones)
ii. Craniometry (on skull)
Slide 4 : Methodology
Frankfurt Agreement of 1882 (Germany)
International Agreement on Craniometry
1912 (Germany)
Standardization of Anthropometric
techniques 1932 (London)
Slide 5 : Important divisions of Anthropometry
Auxological anthropometry – growth and development
Nutritional anthropometry – Assessment of Health status
Ergonomics – which combines the data of Anatomy, Physical Anthropology, Engineering, Medicine, Physiology and Psychology.
Slide 6 : Nutritional anthropometry
For assessing health status of individuals,
populations, ethnic groups / country
Growth and development of children
Slide 7 : Genesis
Juan Luis vives (1492 – 1540)
Jan Amos Komensky (1592 – 1670)
Paidology
Initiatior Jean Jacques Roussean (1712 – 1778)
Oldest published study of growth of a child
Count philibert de Montebeillerd (1787) of his son (1759 – 1777)
Slide 8 : Genetics
Anthropometric traits (phenotypes) – polygenic
Influenced by both genetic and non-genetic (Environment) factors – Ecosensitive
Influenced by sex, birth order, birth weight, parental size, climate, season, socio-economic status and secular trends.
Nutrition has profound effect in the rapidly growing period of infancy and early childhood.
Less susceptible to genetic drift.
Slide 9 : Standing height (cm)
includes 3 segments, viz., leg length, trunk height and head height
Body weight (kgs) Anthropometric measurements considered in nutritional anthropometry
Slide 10 : Anthropometric indicators
1. Pre school children
a. Gomez classification (Gomez et al. 1956)
Weight for age Nutritional grade
> = 90 Normal
75 – 90 Grade I (Mild malnutrition)
60 – 75 Grade II (Moderate malnutrition)
= < 60 Grade III ( Severe malnutrition)
Slide 11 : b. Waterlow’s classification: (Waterlow et al. 1977)
Height for age Weight for height Nutritional grade
> 90% > = 80% Normal
> 90 % > = 80% Stunted
> 90% < 80% Wasted
> 90% < 80% Stunted & Wasted
Slide 12 : C. Z Score distribution (WHO, 1983)
SD Scores Nutritional grade
> = Median Normal
Median to median – 1SD Normal
Median – 1 SD to Median – 2 SD Normal
Median – 2 SD to Median – 3 SD Moderate under nutrition
= < Median – 3 SD Severe under nutrition
2. School age Children and adolescence : 2. School age Children and adolescence Weight for Age Nutritional Grade
> = 90 Normal
80 – 90 Mild Under nutrition
70 – 80 Moderate Under nutrition
< 70 Severe Under nutrition
3. Adults : 3. Adults Body Mass Index (Ferro Luzzi et al.1992; Durnin, 1994)
Body Mass Index Nutritional Grade
(Chronic energy deficiency , CED)
< 16.0 CED Grade III
16.0 – 17.0 CED Grade II
17.0 – 18.5 CED Grade I
18.5 – 20.0 Low Normal
20.0 – 25.0 Normal
25.0 – 30.0 Over weight / Obesity Grade I
> = 30.0 Obesity Grade II