Bonding : Bonding
Hydrogen Bonding : Hydrogen Bonding Intermolecular forces
of attraction between
molecules
(hydrogen bonds)
Bonds exist within
molecules
(covalent bonds) Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 442 Intermolecular
forces Bonds Bonds
Interaction of Dipoles : Interaction of Dipoles (a) Interaction of two
polar molecules.
(b) interaction of many
dipoles in a liquid Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 442 - + - +
Polar Water Molecule : O Polar Water Molecule Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 443 H H 2d - d + d +
Hydrogen Bonding among water Molecules : Hydrogen Bonding among water Molecules
Hydrogen Bonding among water Molecules : Hydrogen Bonding among water Molecules Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 443
Boiling Points of Covalent Hydrides : Boiling Points of Covalent Hydrides Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 443 100 0 -100 -200 Period of X (H2X) Boiling point (oC) 2 3 4 5
Boiling Points of Covalent Hydrides : Boiling Points of Covalent Hydrides 100 0 -100 -200 Molecular mass Boiling point (oC) H2O H2S H2Se H2Te 50 100 150 CH4 SiH4 SnH4
Heating / Cooling Curve of Water : Heating / Cooling Curve of Water Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 445
Salol Lab (Freezing Point Determination) : Salol Lab (Freezing Point Determination) Keys Salol Lab http://www.unit5.org/chemistry/Solutions.html Salol Lab
Water Molecules in Liquid and Steam : Water Molecules in Liquid and Steam Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 446
Microscopic view of a liquid near its surface : Microscopic view of a liquid near its surface Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 449
Behavior of a liquid in a closed container : Behavior of a liquid in a closed container Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 450
Water rapidly boiling on a stove : Water rapidly boiling on a stove
Formation of a bubble is opposed by the pressure of the atmosphere : Formation of a bubble is opposed by the pressure of the atmosphere Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 452
Boiling Points of Covalent Hydrides : Boiling Points of Covalent Hydrides Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 443 100 0 -100 -200 Period of X (H2X) Boiling point (oC) 2 3 4 5
Boiling Points of Covalent Hydrides : Boiling Points of Covalent Hydrides Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 443 100 0 -100 -200 Period of X (H2X) Boiling point (oC) 2 3 4 5
Boiling Points of Covalent Hydrides : Boiling Points of Covalent Hydrides Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 443 100 0 -100 -200 Period of X (H2X) Boiling point (oC) 2 3 4 5
Boiling Points of Covalent Hydrides : Boiling Points of Covalent Hydrides 100 0 -100 -200 Molecular mass Boiling point (oC) H2O H2S H2Se H2Te 50 100 150 CH4 SiH4 SnH4
Group16 Hydrogen Compounds : Group16 Hydrogen Compounds
Ethanol is Polar : O H Ethanol is Polar Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 469 C C H H H H H d - d + Polar bond
Ethanol and Water are Soluble : Ethanol and Water are Soluble ‘Like dissolves like’ Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 469
Structure of Sucrose : Structure of Sucrose Table sugar
C6H12O6 Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 469 CH2OH CH2OH CH2OH OH OH OH OH HO H H H H H H H C C C C C C C C C O O O H
Molecular structure of Diamond : Molecular structure of Diamond Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 455
Molecular Structure of Ice : Molecular Structure of Ice Hydrogen
bonding Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 455
Sodium Chloride Crystal : Sodium Chloride Crystal Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 455
Packing of NaCl Ions : Packing of NaCl Ions Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 456 = Na1+ = Cl1-
Slide 28 : Packing of NaCl Ions Electron Microscope
Photograph of NaCl
Dissolving of Salt in Water : Dissolving of Salt in Water NaCl(s) + H2O ? Na+(aq) + Cl-(aq) Cl-
ions Na+
ions Water molecules
Dissolving of NaCl : Dissolving of NaCl Timberlake, Chemistry 7th Edition, page 287 Na+ + - Cl- + - + hydrated ions
Solid Brass : Solid Brass An alloy is a homogeneous mixture of metals.
Brass = Copper + Zinc
Solid brass
homogeneous mixture Copper Zinc
Slide 32 : Brass Plated Brass = Copper + Zinc
Brass plated
heterogeneous mixture
Only brass on outside Copper Zinc
Hardened Steel : Hardened Steel Iron Carbon Steel
Gold : Gold 24 karat gold 18 karat gold 14 karat gold Gold Copper Silver 18/24 atoms Au 24/24 atoms Au 14/24 atoms Au
Slide 35 : Precipitation Reaction Between
AgNO3 and KCl AgNO3(aq) + KCl(aq) unknown white solid Ag+ + NO3- + K+ + Cl- Ag+ + Cl- + K+ + NO3- AgNO3(aq) + KCl(aq) ? KNO3 (aq) + AgCl(s) AgCl
Formation of a solid AgCl : Formation of a solid AgCl AgNO3(aq) + KCl(aq) ? KNO3 (aq) + AgCl(s) Zumdahl, Zumdahl, DeCoste, World of Chemistry 2002, page 220
Lab - Ions in Aqueous Solution : Lab - Ions in Aqueous Solution Keys Lab: Ions in Aqueous Solution Lab: Ions in Aqueous Solution http://www.unit5.org/chemistry/Solutions.html