Slide 1 : 5/26/2010 Lecture 3: Genes and Proteins 1 Online Bioscience Course for IT Professionals
Spring 2010
Slide 2 : 5/26/2010 Lecture 3: Genes and Proteins 2 Class mechanics… View online video lecture every Monday (1-2 hour)*
Comment on video lecture using website discussion
board
Attend the online Office Hour on Wednesday at 12 NOON
online using WizIQ.com and webcam
Online Final Exam given 7/7/2010
*Exception this week…posted on Tuesday :(
Slide 3 : 5/26/2010 Lecture 3: Genes and Proteins 3 Lecture 3: Genes and proteins
Slide 4 : 5/26/2010 Lecture 3: Genes and Proteins 4 Take Homes: What is a gene?
II. Many genes code for proteins
III. Genes are regulated
IV. The proteins encoded by genes
shape the cell and do its work
V. How proteins work
Slide 5 : 5/26/2010 Lecture 3: Genes and Proteins 5 What is a gene?: A gene is a discrete unit of heritable information
Genes are typically, but not always, encoded by DNA
Genes typically, but not always code for proteins
A protein gene is an “Open Reading Frame” (ORF) of codons
(but only for prokayotes…sorta…)
Slide 6 : 5/26/2010 Lecture 3: Genes and Proteins 6 Take Home I Genes are DNA sequences that encode a heritable trait… What is a gene?
Slide 7 : 5/26/2010 Lecture 3: Genes and Proteins 7 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Genetic_code How the genetic code works I:
Slide 8 : 5/26/2010 Lecture 3: Genes and Proteins 8 How the genetic code works II: Transcribed strand mRNA Peptide (“protein”)
Slide 9 : 5/26/2010 Lecture 3: Genes and Proteins 9 How the genetic code works III
Slide 10 : 5/26/2010 Lecture 3: Genes and Proteins 10 Reading frames
Slide 11 : 5/26/2010 Lecture 3: Genes and Proteins 11 Using a computer program to define
a gene from a sequence: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/gorf/gorf.html
Slide 12 : 5/26/2010 Lecture 3: Genes and Proteins 12 Step-by-step video showing how to
use the ORF Finder with our DNA
sequence to find out if it encodes a
protein… http://www.screencast.com/t/gzxXnMwLWNI
Slide 13 : 5/26/2010 Lecture 3: Genes and Proteins 13 >EXPERIMENTAL DNA SEQUENCE I
ATGGCTAGCAAAGGAGAAGAACTTTTCACTGGA
GTTGTCCCAATTCTTGTTGAATTAGATGGTGAT
GTTAATGGGCACAAATTTTCTGTCAGTGGAGAG
GGTGAAGGTGATGCTACATACGGAAAGCTTACC
CTTAAATTTATTTGCACTACTGGAAAACTACCT
GTTCCATGGCCAACACTTGTCACTACTTTCTCT
TATGGTGTTCAATGCTTTTCCCGTTATCCGGAT
CATATGAAACGGCATGACTTTTTCAAGAGTGCC
ATGCCCGAAGGTTATGTACAGGAACGCACTATA
TCTTTCAAAGATGACGGGAACTACAAGACGCGT
GCTGAAGTCAAGTTTGAAGGTGATACCCTTGTT
AATCGTATCGAGTTAAAAGGTATTGATTTTAAA
GAAGATGGAAACATTCTCGGACACAAACTCGAG
TACAACTATAACTCACACAATGTATACATCACG
GCAGACAAACAAAAGAATGGAATCAAAGCTAAC
TTCAAAATTCGCCACAACATTGAAGATGGATCC
GTTCAACTAGCAGACCATTATCAACAAAATACT
CCAATTGGCGATGGCCCTGTCCTTTTACCAGAC
AACCATTACCTGTCGACACAATCTGCCCTTTCG
AAAGATCCCAACGAAAAGCGTGACCACATGGTC
CTTCTTGAGTTTGTAACTGCTGCTGGGATTACA
CATGGCATGGATGAGCTCTACAAAT Test DNA Sequence:
Slide 14 : 5/26/2010 Lecture 3: Genes and Proteins 14 So, our sequence contains the
Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP)
Gene sequence…
Slide 15 : 5/26/2010 Lecture 3: Genes and Proteins 15 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_fluorescent_protein
Slide 16 : 5/26/2010 Lecture 3: Genes and Proteins 16 Cells “engineered” to express GFP:
Slide 17 : 5/26/2010 Lecture 3: Genes and Proteins 17 Take Home II Many genes encode for the amino acid sequence of proteins… Many genes code for proteins
Slide 18 : 5/26/2010 Lecture 3: Genes and Proteins 18 The lac Operon-an example of
how bacterial genes are turned
“on” and “off”… http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oBwtxdI1zvk
Slide 19 : 5/26/2010 Lecture 3: Genes and Proteins 19 Take Home III Genes are tuned “on” and “off” by complex interactions of factors and DNA sequences… Genes are regulated
Slide 20 : 5/26/2010 Lecture 3: Genes and Proteins 20 Protein Functions in the Body http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T500B5yTy58
Slide 21 : 5/26/2010 Lecture 3: Genes and Proteins 21 Take Home IV Proteins do most of the “work” in cells and most of the cell structure is made-up of proteins… The proteins encoded by genes shape the cell and do its work…
Slide 22 : 5/26/2010 Lecture 3: Genes and Proteins 22 Protein Functions in the Body:
An example-ATP Synthase http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3y1dO4nNaKY
Slide 23 : 5/26/2010 Lecture 3: Genes and Proteins 23 Looking at GFP at the
molecular level…
Slide 24 : 5/26/2010 Lecture 3: Genes and Proteins 24 Download and install CN3D: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/CN3D/cn3d.shtml
Slide 25 : 5/26/2010 Lecture 3: Genes and Proteins 25 A look at GFP structure
with CN3D… http://www.screencast.com/t/oCq2i3YcX
Slide 26 : 5/26/2010 Lecture 3: Genes and Proteins 26 Take Home V Proteins function according to their 3 Dimensional structures… How proteins work…
Slide 27 : 5/26/2010 Lecture 3: Genes and Proteins 27 Virtual experiment: making bacteria
that glow green by giving them a
GFP gene… http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Jyfi5e2JoYc
&
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7zJ-Xe9rZh8
Slide 28 : 5/26/2010 Lecture 3: Genes and Proteins 28 Next Week:
The bacterial world How bacteria are structured and how they function…
Slide 29 : 5/26/2010 Lecture 3: Genes and Proteins 29 instructor
Mark E Minie PhD
mark@meminie.com