Biology XI:2. Biological Classification(4 Kingdom Plantae)

Kingdom Plantae (Including Lichens) and Animalia Kingdom Plantae Contains all eukaryotic-photosynthetic organisms Few are partially heterotrophic (insectivorous plants such as Venus flytrap) or parasites (Cuscuta). Plant cells − eukaryotic with prominent chloroplasts and cellulosic cell wall Exhibit alternation of generation Major divisions included are Kingdom Animalia Heterotrophic, eukaryotic, multicellular organisms Animal cells lack cell wall. Directly or indirectly depend on plants for food Digestion is internal and store food reserve as glycogen or fat. Follow definite growth pattern, grow into adults having definite shape and size Higher forms show elaborate sensory and neuromotor mechanism. Most capable of locomotion Sexual reproduction is by copulation of male and female followed by embryological development. Lichens Symbiotic associations between fungi and algae Algal component − phycobiont (autotrophic) Fungal component − mycobiont (heterotrophic) Algae prepare food for fungi; in return, fungi absorb water and minerals and provide shelter to the algae Very good pollution indicators − do not grow in polluted areas