Slide 1 : Pandemic Flu
Topic discussion : Topic discussion VIRUS STRUCTURE
INFLEUNZA VIRUS
TYPES OF INFLUENZA VIRUSES
PANDEMIC INFLUENZA
HOW INFLUENZA VIRUS SPREADS
Symptoms of influenza virus
Seasonal Epidemics vs. Pandemics
PREVENTION
CASES ON INFLUENZA VIRUSES.
ANNIMATION
A SHORT MOVIE- THE FLU VIRUS
What are viruses? : What are viruses? viruses are not living organisms in the strict sense of the word.
Without the host cell
viruses cannot carry out their life-sustaining functions or reproduce.
They cannot synthesize proteins, because they lack ribosomes.
Viruses cannot generate or store energy in the form of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Virus Structure : Virus Structure viruses contain nucleic acid, either DNA or RNA (but not both)
A protein coat, which encases the nucleic acid.
What is influenza? : What is influenza? Influenza, commonly called "the flu," is an illness caused by RNA viruses that infect the respiratory tract of many animals, birds, and humans.
Types of influenza viruses : Types of influenza viruses Three Types of Influenza virus have been identified
A
B
C
Types of influenza viruses : Types of influenza viruses types A and B are responsible for epidemics of respiratory illness that occur almost every winter and are often associated with increased rates of hospitalization and death.
Influenza type C infection usually causes either a very mild respiratory illness or no symptoms at all
Slide 8 : Influenza viruses are divided into types based on differences in two viral surface proteins called the hemagglutinin (H) and the neuraminidase (N).
There are 16 known H subtypes and nine known N subtypes.
Influenza A Virus : Influenza A Virus Influenza type A viruses undergo two kinds of changes.
antigenic "drift." is a series of mutations that occurs over time and causes a gradual evolution of the virus.
antigenic "shift." is an abrupt change in the hemagglutinin and/or the neuraminidase proteins.
influenza type B viruses change only by the more gradual process of antigenic drift and therefore do not cause pandemics. They are nonsymptomatic.
Influenza A Virus Replication : Influenza A Virus Replication THE VIRUS replicates by entering a host cell and using this cell's resources to produce hundreds of copies of the viral RNA.
Slide 11 : The virus attaches to the outside of the host cell and its RNA enters into the cell. The viral genes are transcribed and translated by the cell's enzymes and ribosomes. In this way, the virus takes over the cell's productivity. Now, instead of producing only new cellular material, the cell produces hundreds of new virus particles.
Slide 12 :
Slide 13 : What is Pandemic Influenza? A pandemic is a global disease outbreak.
An influenza pandemic occurs when a new influenza A virus emerges for which there is little or no immunity in the human population, begins to cause serious illness and then spreads easily person-to-person worldwide” (Flu.gov, 2009).
Slide 14 : How the Virus Spreads The same way seasonal flu viruses spread
Respiratory droplets
Coughs and sneezes
Touching objects touched by an infectious person, then touching your nose or mouth
Droplets aren’t able to travel long distances through the air
3-6 feet maximum
Virus survives up to 72 hours on surfaces, depending on moisture
Slide 15 : The Clinical Picture…So Far Symptoms like other flu infections
Abrupt fever, >100° F
Cough, sore throat, runny nose
Aches, chills, fatigue
Unusual: diarrhea and vomiting
Almost everyone infected so far has recovered fully, but
Hospitalization rate higher than expected for seasonal flu
The virus is affecting younger populations at a higher rate than older people.
This picture could change, as the virus changes its genetic make-up
Slide 16 : Seasonal Epidemics vs. Pandemics Seasonal Influenza
A public health problem each year.
Usually some immunity built up from previous exposures to the same subtype.
Infants and elderly are most at risk. Pandemics Influenza
Appear in the human population rarely and unpredictably.
Human population lacks any immunity.
All age groups, including healthy young adults.
Influenza (Flu) Pandemic : Influenza (Flu) Pandemic Could affect you, your family and neighbors
Could make millions of people around the world sick, and even die.
What can you do to prepare? : What can you do to prepare? 1. Learn more about influenza
2. Plan how to respond to the next major flu pandemic
3. Protect against this serious threat
How do you treat pandemic flu? : How do you treat pandemic flu? Treatment similar to seasonal flu
Stay home to avoid spreading it to others.
Drink lots of fluids
Get plenty of rest
How do you treat pandemic flu? : How do you treat pandemic flu? Never give aspirin to children or teenagers who have flu-like symptoms, especially fever.
Take antiviral medication if your doctor believes it is needed and if it is available.
Practice Good Hand Washing : Practice Good Hand Washing After coughing, sneezing, or blowing your nose
Before and after helping a sick person
Before and after food preparation
Before serving or eating food
After using the restroom
After changing diapers
After touching animals
After cleaning the bathroom or handling trash
To Wash Your Hands Well: : To Wash Your Hands Well: Wet hands with warm water
Lather with soap and scrub all surfaces for 15-20 seconds.
Rinse thoroughly and dry with clean towel.
Use paper towel to turn off faucet and open door.
Alcohol-based rubs may be used if hands are not soiled.
Cleaning and Disinfecting : Cleaning and Disinfecting Prevent spreading germs:
Disinfect countertops, sinks, doorknobs, tables and telephones on a regular basis.
Never share personal items, such as toothbrushes, drinking cups, and cosmetics.
Practice Cough and Sneeze Protection : Practice Cough and Sneeze Protection When coughing or sneezing:
Move and/or turn away from others.
Cover your mouth and nose with a tissue or paper towel and then throw it away.
If you do not have a tissue, use the crook of your elbow or your sleeve; do not use your hand.
After coughing or sneezing, always wash your hands with soap and warm water.
Circulating Influenza Strains and Pandemics in the 20th Century : Circulating Influenza Strains and Pandemics in the 20th Century 1920 1940 1960 1980 2000 H1N1 H2N2 H3N2 1918: “Spanish Flu” 1957: “Asian Flu” 1968: “Hong Kong Flu” 20-40 million deaths 1-4 million deaths 1-4 million deaths
The First Flu Pandemic of the 21st Century : The First Flu Pandemic of the 21st Century In April 2009, a new influenza strain against which the world population has little or no immunity was isolated from humans in Mexico. It quickly spread throughout the world so fast that the WHO (The World Health Organization) declared this new flu strain (termed novel H1N1 influenza A swine flu, often shortened to H1N1 or swine flu) as the cause of a pandemic on June 11, 2009. This was the first declared flu pandemic in 41 years.
Slide 27 : Please stay tune! THANK YOU FOR YOUR TIME!
Slide 28 : http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=114075029&ft=1&f=1031 (How the virus spreads)
http://www.medicinenet.com/natural_cold_flu_remedies_pictures_slideshow/article.htm (Prevention)
http://vir.sgmjournals.org/cgi/reprint/39/1/1.pdf (Virus transcription)
http://images.google.com/imgres?imgurl=http://www.virology.ws/wp-content/uploads/2009/10/influenza-exvivo-300x266.png&imgrefurl=http://www.virology.ws/2009/10/26/a-better-influenza-virus-animation/&usg=__TXknmgYdfp_qI77AqwzLS4ny-m4=&h=266&w=300&sz=100&hl=en&start=2&itbs=1&tbnid=1_FgYnU0X0Sc4M:&tbnh=103&tbnw=116&prev=/images%3Fq%3DVIRUS%2BSPREAD%2BANIMATION%26hl%3Den%26sa%3DG%26gbv%3D2%26tbs%3Disch:1
www.influenzareport.com/ir/pathogen.htm