Slide 1 : Nature & Components of Environmental Scanning Presented by:
Ashutosh Mishra
MBA (Mrktg.)
Slide 2 : What is Environmental Scanning? Environmental scanning is a process of gathering, analyzing, and dispensing information for tactical or strategic purposes. The environmental scanning process entails obtaining both factual and subjective information on the business environments in which a company is operating or consider entering. Environmental Scanning: “A term coined in the mid-1960’s by Francis Aguilar, a Harvard Business School professor, to describe the action of watching and collecting information on a company’s rivals and the overall market.” Source: Fuld & Company, Inc.
Slide 3 : Environmental Scanning Common part of strategic analysis. Internal elements & external elements. All are interrelated.
Slide 4 : Factors affecting Environmental Scanning External Environment Internal Environment Events
Trends
Issues
Expectations Infrastructure
HR
Hardware
Abilities
Structure
Slide 5 : Three approaches to Scanning Kubr has suggested three approaches to scanning,
Systematic: Information related to markets & customers, changes in legislation & regulations that have a direct impact on organization’s activities that could be collected continuously to monitor changes.
Ad-hoc: Conduction of special surveys & studies to deal with specific environmental issues.
Processed form: Information available from different sources both internal & external of the organization in processed form.
Slide 6 : Sources of Information
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Slide 8 : What scanning can accomplish? It helps an organization capitalize on early opportunities rather than lose these to competitors.
It provides an early signal of impending problems, which can be defused if recognized well in advance.
It sensitizes an organization to the changing needs and wishes of its customers.
It provides a base of objective qualitative information about the environment that strategists can utilize.
It provides intellectual stimulation to strategists in their decision making.
It improves the image of the organization with its publics by showing that it is sensitive to its environment and responsive to it.
It is a means of continuing broad-based education for executives, especially for strategy developers.
Slide 9 : PEST analysis: An environmental scan for business. Micro Environment Macro Environment
Slide 10 : Components
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Slide 12 : Current scanning processes Porter’s Five Forces
Intelligence Cycle
Linear Process
Concentric Circles
Scientific Method
Hub & Spoke
Visualization
Slide 13 : P
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Slide 14 : I
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D Source: Cliff Kalb, Merck
Slide 18 : Responses When an issue is detected, there are generally six ways of responding to them:
Opposition strategy - try to influence the environmental forces so as to negate their impact - this is only successful where you have some control over the environmental variable in question .
Adaptation strategy - adapt your marketing plan to the new environmental conditions .
Offensive strategy - try to turn the new influence into an advantage - quick response can give you a competitive advantage .
Redeployment strategy - redeploy your assets into another industry .
Contingency strategy- determine a broad range of possible reactions - find substitutes .
Passive strategy - no response - study the situation further .
Slide 19 : R
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S Scanning the business environment- Aguilar, F. The New Competitor Intelligence by Leonard
M. Fuld. New York, John Wiley & Sons, Inc.,
1995. http://www.bing.com
http://www.carr-research.com Strategic Management & Business Policy by Azhar Kazmi, 3rd. edition