Modern Aids Used to Teach Physics: Computer Assisted Instruction : Modern Aids Used to Teach Physics: Computer Assisted Instruction Carmen Bostan
Researcher, Romania
Modern Aids in Education : Modern Aids in Education are general teaching aids that help achieve the operational aims (especially concrete aims or goals - what the students must know at the end of the lesson).
They are general instruments, devices, school supplies that are adapted and selected to process and transfer information and to assess the results.
They must disseminate and assimilate the information, but also to estimate the results.
Slide 3 : Due to the great progress of the informational technology in the past decade, the computer and the modern technology occupy a very special place. Modern technology refers to video spotlight, electronically board, adapted software for Physics or other software that can be used during the Physics class.
Pedagogical Functions of the Modern Aids : Pedagogical Functions of the Modern Aids Informational or cognitive;
Formative – evaluative;
Stimulating or motivating for education;
Aesthetic;
Ergonomically or diminishing the learning effort.
Audio – video Aids and School Education : Audio – video Aids and School Education The audio – video aids are technical equipments that permit the stock up of the sound or the image and their future reproduction.
The integrated audio – video aids expand the teacher and the student’s possibilities in the class. Movies, TV shows, video recording, CDs or DVDs are dynamical aids that are capable to represent the physical process afterwards. The static aids are slide projections.
The Characteristics of Audio – video Tools : The Characteristics of Audio – video Tools admit convenient modifications to the temporal or the spatial scale; it is possible to observe the slow phenomena or the speedy ones; we can observe the microscopically phenomena or astronomical phenomena.
can to operate, analyze, synthesize the physic reality; they encourage the basic understanding. They permit a better perception of direct observations.
admit the transition from the general to the particular and reverse; the flash back encourages the understanding and consolidation of knowledge.
divert the students’ attention from important aspects in a convenient order.
Demonstration Method with Audio – video Didactical Devices. : Demonstration Method with Audio – video Didactical Devices. The audio video didactical devices are: video projector, the computer, the didactical animated movie. Using these, the teacher presents his students the physical phenomena and the physical processes that can’t be observed in nature, because they are too slow or too rapid, or they have microscope dimensions or astronomical dimension.
The Didactical Messages are memorized in the following proportion: : The Didactical Messages are memorized in the following proportion:
The Computer in the Physics Class : The Computer in the Physics Class At school, there are two means of instruction by computer.
It can be a teaching instrument for the students or the teacher.
The computer is a possibility presented directly or not in the instruction and educational process.
A teaching instrument for the students or the teacher: : A teaching instrument for the students or the teacher: Editing a word document with text editor;
Drawing diagrams, pictures, cards;
Presentation of information with the animation films or the slides;
Mathematical operations, special for the lab class, when numeric calculus is most imperative , especially for error calculus;
Implementation or utilization of the databases;
Learning a programming language;
In the lab, for realization of simulation or completion of the experiments.
Forms of presentation of the knowledge in the instruction and educational process: : Forms of presentation of the knowledge in the instruction and educational process: The direct mode – the computer has the attribute of teaching; we can speak about educational software presentation or Computer Assisted Instruction (I. A. C.).
The indirect mode - when the computer functions as a manager of instruction. By this means, the computer will assume the control and the planning of instruction- Computer Managed Instruction (C.M.I.), when the computer takes over some of the teachers’ tasks.
Computer Managed Instruction (C.M.I.) : Computer Managed Instruction (C.M.I.) It presents to the students the concrete objectives and the stages of the lesson;
It gives exercises or tasks from the Physics textbook or from the student’s exercise book;
It applies the I.A.C. sequence for different chapters or topics;
It applies the tests for progress;
It records and reports the results of the tests;
According to the results of the tests, it prescribes the sequence of learning stages for the student.
The classes that use the computer have one other interface and the new instruction technique revolutionizes learning. The computer analyzes the possibility, records information, then finds the student’s knowledge at a superior level. : The classes that use the computer have one other interface and the new instruction technique revolutionizes learning. The computer analyzes the possibility, records information, then finds the student’s knowledge at a superior level.
Slide 14 : At school, teachers can use different software, with general character, which can be used in different areas, but they can also use the educational soft, specially created for school.
The educational soft is one resort for individual computer instruction, interactive and instructive. The packet includes: : The educational soft is one resort for individual computer instruction, interactive and instructive. The packet includes: The product – program;
The reference material
methodic indications,
type of computer,
support for the soft;
Other resource (work card).
Classification of educational soft : Classification of educational soft The exercise soft.
Knowledge interactive display soft
The demonstrative soft
The simulation soft
The computer models of the tutorial lab
The knowledges testing soft
THE EXERCISE SOFTS : THE EXERCISE SOFTS These can be used at the beginning of the lesson, as a supplement, and they are destined to consolidate the knowledge, specific physics abilities, or estimation of the student’s response. The exercises for the student can be:
Stocked in the memory of the computer; they are extracted at random;
They are generating by the computer, according to special algorithm.
KNOWLEDGE INTERACTIVE DISPLAY SOFTS : KNOWLEDGE INTERACTIVE DISPLAY SOFTS conduct the knowledge activities function on the student level and function on the intelectual abilities, practical abilities or other peculiarities.
are destined for the formative notions, to use the intelectual abilities and practical abilities in different concrete instruction situations, for the knowledge evaluation and the knowledge self-evaluation.
make the instruction more active, individual and they can be used during the classes or at home.
Slide 19 : The interaction between computer – student can be achieved:
on basis of one tutorial dialogue (computer oversee) or
on basis of one investigation dialogue (student oversee).
The tutorial dialogue functions: : The tutorial dialogue functions: present one or more information sequences;
ask the student to answer one question or to solve one exercise;
present the value of the answer and it introduces the next item, it can hold account or not of the student’s answers.
THE INVESTIGATION DIALOG : THE INVESTIGATION DIALOG the student extract the necessary information to solve the learning target proposed according to the rules set.
Slide 22 : The materials suppose one proper and atractive arangement that can facilitate the understanding, one good tehnique for the questions’ elaboration, exercises’ elaboration, the possibility to correctly appreciate the student’s answers. It sequentially divides the lesson, uses the modules of lesson to eliminate the boredom and the tiredness, and students have access at different necessary information to execute the learning-work. The dialogue between student-computer must be natural, with intelligent instructions, assisted by computer.
THE DEMONSTRATIVE SOFT : THE DEMONSTRATIVE SOFT allows projection on the display of the learning materials in video mode, slides or other interactive models of natural phenomena or simulated phenomena. The math demonstration can be projected on a big display or coordinated from the server to appear on all stations if the lesson is on the hardware.
THE SIMULATION SOFT : THE SIMULATION SOFT presents the models for real phenomena. They allow the students to observe on the display one of the process model, phenomena model or the installation model. The students can vary the value for some parameters; they can observe the influence of these variations. In special cases, the interactive model can substitute the real experiment; it can assure economy of time of preparation in process of the lesson.
THE COMPUTER MODELS OF THE TUTORIAL LAB : THE COMPUTER MODELS OF THE TUTORIAL LAB They simulate the experiments make by students in the physics lab. Unlike the simulation softs, the computer models present the electronics tables to note the results, graph drawing, dates processing and errors value.
THE KNOWLEDGE TESTING SOFTS : THE KNOWLEDGE TESTING SOFTS - assure the computer involvement in knowledge testing.
To make one good test attention should be given to:
- The number of solvable items in the allocated time, according to the knowledge level of the students;
- The number of the concrete objectives: (what the students must know at the end of the lesson);
- The number of questions for each concrete objective.
Slide 27 : Thank you