BRICK TYPE Two basic brick types - face and paver.
Bricks may be made from clay, shale, soft slate, calcium silicate, concrete, or shaped from quarried stone.
Clay is the most common material, with modern clay bricks formed in one of three processes - soft mud, dry press, or extruded.
In 2007 a new type of brick was invented, based on fly ash, a by-product of coal power plants. SIZE Bricks are made in many different sizes, but most outdoor projects can be planned and built using standard units. These measure 3 5/8" x 2 1/4" x 8", and weigh about four pounds each.
Face brick ("house brick") sizes,[12] from small to large
Standard
Imperial
Metric
India
9 × 4¼ × 2¾ inches
228 × 107 × 69 mm
United States
8 × 4 × 2¼ inches
203 × 102 × 57 mm
United Kingdom
8½ × 4 × 2½ inches
215 × 102.5 × 65 mm
South Africa
8¾ × 4 × 3 inches
222 × 106 × 73 mm
Australia
9 × 4⅓ × 3 inches
230 × 110 × 76 mm
Russia
250 × 120 × 65 mm
UNIT Measured in inches or centimetres and weighed in pounds or kilograms. PACKAGING FORM / HOW AVAILABLE ON SITE The bricks are loaded from the place of storage on the trucks, trolleys or such heavy vehicles and are delivered on the site. BRANDS J. r. refractory , Shree tirupati refractories & minerals , Varsha refractories pvt. ltd. , Shri swami bricks industries , R. k technologies USES Bricks are used for building and pavement. In the USA, brick pavement was found incapable of withstanding heavy traffic, but it is coming back into use as a method of traffic calming or as a decorative surface in pedestrian precincts. Bricks are also used in the metallurgy and glass industries for lining furnaces. They have various uses, especially refractory bricks such as silica, magnesia,chamotte and neutral (chromomagnesite) refractory bricks. This type of brick must have good thermal shock resistance, refractoriness under load, high melting point, and satisfactory porosity.
STONE TYPE Sedimentary Rocks: Limestone and Sandstone
Metamorphic Rocks: Slate and Marble
Igneous Rock: Granite
Miscellanous: Field and river rock SIZE Industry standard thicknesses in the United States are 3/4" (2 cm) and 1.25" (3 cm). Often 2 cm slabs will be laminated at the edge to create the appearance of a thicker edge profile. UNIT Measured in inches or centimetres and weighed in pounds or kilograms. PACKAGING FORM / HOW AVAILABLE ON SITE The stone slabs are loaded from the place of storage on the trucks, trolleys or such heavy vehicles and are delivered on the site. BRANDS Infiniti India , Balaji Stone Exports , Karni Koat Stone & Art , Kwality Marbles & Handicrafts (I) Pvt Ltd , Pandian Granites , Indian Stones , USES Strength and durability – Almost all rocks have enough strength for most building uses, however, only the hardest, such as Hillburn granite are suitable for high wear areas such as steps and paving. Good building stone needs to be resistant to decay from frost, pollution and general wear and tear.
Color and polish – Building stone needs to have a pleasing color and texture for both commercial and residential uses and for use in decorative areas. Some stone may be too bright/light in color for use in natural landscaping or on the home as cladding.
Ease of use – Building stone that can be easily carved and shaped, but which also retains strength in building applications and under pressure of weight is ideal stone to use.
WOOD TYPE Some types of wood are very hard and durable and some are flexible enough to be bent. "Hardwood" is one of the common types of wood which is obtained from trees that lose their leaves in winter. The other type of wood, the "Softwood" is obtained from evergreen trees like fir, pine and redwood. All the woods fall between a range from very soft to very hard.
Hardwoods
Mahogany: is finely grained wood with reddish brown color. It is highly durable and can resist swelling, shrinking and warping. It is extensively used for quality furniture such as wooden cabinets, boat construction, wood facings and veneers. Walnut: has fine texture and is strong, easy to work with. It resists shrinking and warping and can take all types of finishes very well. It is mostly used for making gunstocks, solid and veneered furniture, novelties, cabinetry and wall paneling. Oak: has good bending qualities apart from being durable. It finishes well and resists moisture absorption. Oak is good for furniture, trimming, boat framing,wooden desks and flooring. Maple: is a fine textured wood with immense strength and hardness. With moderate shrinkage, maple machines well and is best used in flooring, fine furniture and woodenware such as bowling alleys. Cherry: is close-grained wood and as resists warping and shrinking. It gets red when exposed to sunlight. It ages well and is extensively used in cabinetmaking, boat trim, novelties and solid furniture handles. Rosewood: is close grained hard wood with dark reddish brown color. It has an exclusive fragrance. It is hard to work upon and takes high polish. It is good for making musical instruments, piano cases, tool handles, art projects, veneers and furniture. Teak: is a hard and moisture- resistant wood. It resists warping, cracking and decay and is best used in fine furniture, paneling, shipbuilding, doors, window framing, flooring and as a general construction wood. Shesham: is also known as Indian Rosewood and is a rich medium brown wood with deep grains. It is a fast-growing hardwoods and the functional furniture made from it can deal with everyday stresses and strains without loosing its attractive appearance. It is highly durable, easily carved and is exclusively used for making furniture, particularly almirahs and cabinets.
Softwoods
Pine: has a uniform texture and is very easy to work with. It finishes well and resists shrinkage, swelling and warping. It is widely used in house construction, paneling, furniture, molding and for making wooden boxes. Hemlock: is lightweight and machines well. It is uniformly textured and has low resistance to decay. It is mainly used for construction lumber, planks, doors, boards, paneling, sub flooring and crates. Fir: is uniformly textured and has low resistance to decay. It is nonresinous, works easy and finishes well. Fir is used for making furniture, doors, frames, windows, plywood, veneer, general millwork and interior trim. Redwood: is light, durable and easy to work with. It has natural resistance to decay and is good for making outdoor furniture, fencing, house siding, interior finishing, veneering and paneling. Spruce: is a strong wood that finishes well and has low resistance to decay. It possesses moderate shrinkage and is light. It is a good option for making masts and spars for ships, aircraft, crates, boxes, general millwork and ladders. Cedar: is a reddish wood with sweet odor. It is very easy to work with, uniform in texture and is resistant to decay. Cedar is extensively used in chest making, closet lining, shingles, posts, dock planks, novelties and Venetian blinds.
Other Woods
There are many other types of wood that are made by wooden sheeting. These various types are available in thickness ranging from 4 mm to 24 mm. MDF (Medium Density Fibre Board): is made from powdered wood bonded with glue and compressed to form the sheets. It is quite soft and very easy to work with. It cuts, sands and finishes very easily. It is used widely for interior projects especially for cupboards and shelving. Chipboard: is made like MDF but from actual wood chips. It is used widely for kitchen furniture for which it is covered with a laminate. It is also used widely for low cost flooring. Plywood: is made from thin laminates of wood glued together. Each layer is at right angle to the grain of the other. It is very strong but also quite flexible, especially if there are thinner sheets. It is used widely in the building industry. SIZE Varies UNIT Measured in inches / centimetres / millimetres PACKAGING FORM / HOW AVAILABLE ON SITE Delivered from place of storage to the site of requirement via some vehicular means ( two / three / four and heavy / light vehicles all dependent on size ). If the delivery is inter-continental, then shipping is the means of transportation used. BRANDS Artwood , Asian Antique home , Century Plywoods , Green Plywoods , The Bharath Plywoods and Timber Products Pvt. Ltd . USES Fuel , Furniture , Construction , Medicine ( a bone substitute ) , Sports and Recreational equipment , Utensils , Artistic decoration etc.
PAINT TYPE Oil based house paint creates a harder, glossier finish, and require paint thinner or other chemicals for clean up. Water based paints, on the other hand, their finish is not as shiny or as durable, but the ease of clean up makes water based paints a popular choice. They can be cleaned up with warm water and a bit of mild detergent.
Within these categories are many different types of house paint, starting with primer. While primer may not technically be considered paint, it is a necessary step in most painting projects. Primer is also available in oil based and water based formulas. It is wise to select an oil based primer when using alkyd house paints, and a water based primer when using latex.
Specialty house paints include anti-condensation or mold and mildew resistant paints. These types of paint are generally used in kitchens, baths, basements and any other area that may be damp. While this type of house paint cannot completely prevent condensation, mold or mildew, it can greatly lessen their effects.
Another specialty paint is heat resistant or fire-retardant house paint. While these paints cannot completely prevent fire, they do withstand much higher temperatures and slow the spread of fire. They are often used for painting radiators and fireplace surrounds.
Other classifications for house paint include interior and exterior. Water based paints are generally used indoors. While water based paints can also be used for exterior painting projects, oil based paints create a tougher finish that is better able to resist the elements. SIZE The most popular sizes for paint boxes are 12 x 16 and 16 x 20 inches; the box lid should be grooved to hold canvas panels of the same size. A box in either of these sizes will serve both for the studio and outdoors. Paint boxes are available in wood and metal. UNIT Measured in litres PACKAGING FORM / HOW AVAILABLE ON SITE Mechanically or via transportation means BRANDS Asian paints , Berger paints , Glossy Color & Paints Pvt. Limited , ICI paints , Nitco paints , Bombay paints etc. USES Protection of walls from water and sun , Decoration , Art etc.
ALLUMINIUM TYPE Smelter Grade Alumina
Smelter or metallurgical grade alumina is the name given to alumina utilised in the manufacture of aluminium metal.
Calcined Alumina
The calcined alumina products are used in a wide range of ceramic and refractory applications.
Low Soda Alumina
Many applications, particularly in the electrical/electronic areas, require a low level of soda to be present in the alumina.
Reactive Alumina
“Reactive” alumina is the terms normally given to a relatively high purity and small crystal size
Tabular Alumina
It is produced by pelletising, extruding, or pressing calcined alumina into shapes and then heating these shapes to a temperature of 1700-1850ºC in shaft kilns.
Etc. SIZE Available in sheets of various sizes UNIT Measured in metres , centimetres , millimetres , gauges etc. PACKAGING FORM / HOW AVAILABLE ON SITE Usual mechanical and all types of transportation methods BRANDS Hindalco Industries Ltd ,National Aluminium Company Ltd (NALCO) , Bharat Aluminium Company Co Ltd (BALCO) , Jindal Aluminium Ltd. Etc. USES Its applications are widespread, and include spark plugs, tap washers, pump seals, electronic substrates, grinding media, abrasion resistant tiles, cutting tools, bioceramics, (hip-joints), body armour, laboratory ware and wear parts for the textile and paper industries. Very large tonnages are also used in the manufacture of monolithic and brick refractories. It is also used mixed with other materials such as flake graphite where even more severe applications are envisaged, such as pouring spouts and sliding gate valves.
CEMENT TYPE It is of two types - Portland cement and Non- Portland Hydraullic cement.
Portland Cement is a basic ingredient of concrete, mortar and most non-speciality grout. It is of many types , depending upon the technicalities , such as Portland blastfurnace cemen , Portland flyash cement , White blended cements , coloured cements , very finely grounded cements. SIZE Cement (finely ground gray or white powder used to bind concrete mixtures) weighs between 830 kg/m3 and 1650 kg/m3 (52 lbs/ft3 and 103 lbs/ft3) depending on its handling. UNIT Kilogram per metre cube or Pounds per feet cube PACKAGING FORM / HOW AVAILABLE ON SITE Mechanical and all types of transportation methods used to deliver cement to the required site BRANDS ACC Refractories , Binani Cement , Birla Cement , Cement Corporation of India , J K Cement , Ultratech Cement , Larsen & Toubro Limited etc. USES Cement and sand can also be used to produce a thin skin or render, to protect the outside of the buildings. The most important use of cement is in making concrete, where it is used to stick together a mixture of sand and rock fragments, i.e. aggregate.
STEEL TYPE Some common types of steel buildings are "straight-walled" and "arch." Further, the structural type may be classed as "clearspan" or multiple span. A clearspan building does not have structural supports (e.g. columns) in the interior occupied space.
Straight-walled and arch type refer to the outside shape of the building. More generally, these are both structural arch forms if they rely on a rigid frame structure. However, curved roof structures are typically associated with the arch term.
Steel arch buildings may be cost efficient for specific applcations. They are commonly used in the agricultural industry. Straight-walled buildings provide more usable space when compared to arch buildings. They are also easier to blend into existing architecture. Straight-walled buildings are commonly used for commercial, industrial, and many other occupancy types.
Clearspan refers to the internal construction. Clearspan steel buildings utilize large overhead support beams, thus reducing the need for internal supporting columns. Clearspan steel buildings tend to be less cost efficient than structures with interior columns. However, other practical considerations may influence the selection of framing style such as an occupancy where interior structural obstructions are undesireable (e.g. aircraft hangars or sport arenas ) SIZE Available in different shapes and sizes UNIT PACKAGING FORM / HOW AVAILABLE ON SITE BRANDS Beekay Steel Industries , Essar Steel , Hindustan Steel Company , Indian Steel Alliance , Tata Iron and Steel Company USES Steel is used widely in the construction of roads, railways, infrastructure, and buildings. Most large modern structures, such as stadiums andskyscrapers, bridges, and airports, are supported by a steel skeleton. Even those with a concrete structure will employ steel for reinforcing, in addition to widespread use in major appliances and cars