nanotechnology

RESEARCH PAPER NO :3 NANOSRATICAL EXPLORATION OF PLUTO (YA!PLUTO IS A PLANET) (PAPER FOR ISRO) DR.MAHALINGAM COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY,POLLACHI. AUTHORS: V. Anuyogam(M06EE04) K.Deepa(M06EE08) DEPARTMENT: SECOND YEAR BE EEE MAIL ID: anuyogamabdulkalam@yahoo.co.in Deepa_kalyan@rediffmail.com CONTENTS: ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION SOLUTION IN OUR POINT OF VIEW NANOSHUTTLE NANO ROBOT NANOSENSOR PREDICTION OF PROPERTIES OF PLUTO CHECKING WHETHER PLUTO IS A PLANET C PROGRAM FOR CALCULATING MASS OF PLUTO FLOWCHART FOR MAGNETOSPHERE SUMMARY REFERENCE ABSTRACT: Our paper clearly presents about properties of Pluto.We have suggested a solution for predicting whether Pluto is a planet or not using nanotechnology which is the range of materials, devices, and systems created through the measurement of 1 to 100 nanometers scale. Nanotechnology is one of the applications of basic principles of science. Nanotechnology is used in planet explorations.By using advanced nanotechnology pluto’s atmosphere could be explored.Here we have constructed a nano equipment consisting of nano shuttle,highly magnetized nano robot and nano sensor.space shuttle having crew,cargo bay and powerful engine system made of nano material coated tile is made to explore Pluto,the dwarf planet. Nanorobot could produce high magnetic field.Nanosensor should be constructed in such a way that it should be able to sense celestial bodies and orbit of Pluto in kuper belt. When the sensors senses of an celestial body falling into pluto, it should produce an alarm which invokes the nanorobot and thus a serious damage is avoided. This nanorobot has a highly magnetized nanoequipment which is placed on the surface of the earth. Placing of this nanorobot causes an attraction between the celestial body and magnetized nanoequipment. KEYWORDS:Tile,self replication,nanorobotic arm,nanosensor. INTRODUCTION: Pluto is the second known dwarf planet and the tenth-largest bodyobserved directly orbiting the Sun. Originally considered a planet, Pluto has since been recognised as the largest member of a distinct region called the Kuiper belt.Pluto and its largest satellite, Charon, are often considered a binary system because the barycentre of their orbits does not lie within either body. Pluto and its three known moons. Pluto and Charon are the bright objects in the center, the two smaller moons are at the right and bottom, farther out.Pluto has three known natural satellites: Charon and two smaller moons, Nix and Hydra. Comparing of Pluto with other planets: Property/ neptune Pluto Diameter 3.833* earth’s .18*earth’s Distance from sun 30.6*earth’s 39.5*earth’s Mass 17.14*earth’s .002*earth’s Density .31*earth’s .36*earth’s fig 1. pluto’s orbit in the solar system I.SOLUTION IN OUR POINT OF VIEW: Let us construct a nano equipment.Nano equipment should consists of three partsNano shuttle with recorder Nano sensor Nano robot II.NANOSHUTTLE: It has 3 parts Orbiter Rocket system External fuel system a.Orbiter: It is crew cabin. It is the cabin for crew members.It has crew cabin ,cargobay and 3 engines. b.Rocket system: It has two rocket boosters and three main engines. Located on each side of the shuttle, the solid booster rockets holds solid fuel. When the fuel is gone, the boosters fall back down to Earth. c.External fuel tank: External fuel tank holds the shuttle’s liquid fuel. Levels: It has three decks Flight deck which is pilot controlled deck Mid deck used for crew members Utility floor is the storage area. c.Nano heat shield tiles: The space shuttle is covered with special tiles to protect it from intense heat when it reenters the Earth’s atmosphere. The tiles are so safe that if exposed temperatures of up to 2,300° F .Without these tiles, the space shuttle would burn to a crisp, killing all the astronauts inside. d.Purpose of using shields: When the ordinary space shuttle enters the space from earth surface,due to some temperature change,deformationwill occur.Because of that when they again return to earth,oxygen in the atmosphere enter the shuttle and combustion would occur and hence explosion may occur. Solution: When they are coated with nano shield tiles,due to temperature change deformation will occur .But nanomaterials have the unique property called self replication.So the shuttle is saved from explosion. e.Nano robot: It consists of Magnetic needle Thermal array sensor Optical encoder This compass module has been specifically designed for use in robots as an aid to navigation. The aim was to produce a unique number to represent the direction the robot is facing. The compass uses magnetic field sensor, which is sensitive enough to detect the Earths magnetic field. The output from two of them mounted at right angles to each other is used to compute the direction of the horizontal component of the Earths magnetic field. f.Pyro electric thermal array sensor: They have servo plus, servo power ,servo ground.They are used to detect selestial bodies.Nanorobot is activated by the alarm produced by nano sensor. Nano sensor: It has a timer and alarm.It is used to sense. III.WHAT IS A PLANET? It is a celestial body that orbits the Sun. It is massive.It is massive enough that its own gravity causes it to form in a spherical shape. It should have its own orbit. IV.Whether Pluto a planet or not? Step1:It is a celestial body that orbits the sun. Step2: To calculate the mass: Mass can be calculated by Mass=(4*p*p/g)*((d*d*d)/(m*m)); p-3.14 d-distance m-moons orbital period practically mass can be calculated by nano shuttle is made to pass through Neptune and Pluto is monitored from earth.distance between earth and Pluto is noted as d.distance between earth and sun is known D.total distance is x=D+d; fig.2 clear the neibourhood around its orbit. number of revolutions per minute is calculated.density can be calculated by mass=force/acceleration------------(1) acceleration=distance/time taken mass=density*volume---(2) from 1 and 2 force/acceleration=density*volume force=density*volume*acceleration; Planet diameter = 2 * (distance to the planet) * (planet's angular size in degrees)/360°. Planet volume = (/6) *(planet diameter)^3 Density=d*x*g Acceleration=distance/time Mass=d*g*x^4 fig.3 The one noticeable exception is Pluto and its moon, Charon. Charon is massive enough compared to Pluto that its mass cannot be ignored. The two bodies orbit around a common point that is proportionally closer to the more massive Pluto. The common point, called the center of mass, is 7.3 times closer to Pluto, so Pluto is 7.3 times more massive than Charon. V.Whether Pluto has a magneto sphere: when a celestial body falls on the surface atmosphere when the region gets damaged then there is no magnetosphere.but when it moves in other direction ,it could be predicted that it has magneto sphere. Orbiting of Pluto: They are of many types 1.larger circular 2.small circular 3.slightly elliptical 4.highly elliptical 5.open 6.collision for Pluto the orbit is slightly elliptical since Pluto has high velocity when near to large body and corollary. fig.4 Whether it is spherical in shape: Nanorobot in the nano equipment is made to produce a high magnetic field.the celestial body when fall on surfacial line and when it moves in tangentialdirection ,then it could be predicted that Pluto is spherical in shape.otherwise it would not be spherical in shape. fig.5 VI.How can we predict the Properties of Pluto: There will be magnetic lines in between Pluto and Neptune .when those magnetic lines exclude magnetic flux will be produced.so the possible structure of Pluto can be fig.61. Frozen nitrogen2. Water ice3. Silicate and water ice When Pluto and Neptune are orbiting a magnetic line will beformed.when they move farther awayfron each other, magnetic lines exclude andmagnetic flux will be produced .so flux gases like hydrogen,oxygen,nitrogen will be present. Pluto's atmosphere consists of a thin envelope of nitrogen, methane, and carbon monoxide, derived from the ices on its surface.As Pluto moves away from the Sun, its atmosphere gradually freezes and falls to the ground. As it edges closer to the Sun, the temperature of Pluto's solid surface increases, causing the ices to sublimate into gas. This creates an anti-greenhouse effect; The Pluto-Charon system is noteworthy for being the largest of the solar system's few binary systems, i.e. whose barycentre lies above the primary's surface (617 Patroclus is a smaller example). This and the large size of Charon relative to Pluto lead some astronomers to call it a dwarf double planet.[59] The system is also unusual among planetary systems in that they are both tidally locked to each other: Charon always presents the same face to Pluto, and Pluto also always presents the same face to Charon. If one were standing on Pluto's near side, Charon would hover in the sky without moving; if one were to travel to the far side, one would never see Charon at all. TABLE.1 Pluto neptune No of satellites Three Eight diameter 2340km 49,528 km inclination 122.46 degrees 29.6 degrees Orbital velocity 4.7km/sec 5.43 km/sec Rotation 6.4 days 16.11 hours VII.To calculate orbital velocity: This can be calculated by knowing mass , distance,force.Force=mass*acceleration;Acceleration=distance^2/timetaken;From this time can be calculated:Orbital velocity=distance/timetaken m/sec.Thus orbital velocity can be calculated. VIII.Composition of Pluto and Charon: It is found that Pluto is covered with nitrogen and methane ice. Pluto's satellite Charon however, is believed to be covered with ordinary water ice. It's not known why their surfaces differ, but Pluto and Charon are probably mostly water ice with rocky cores and a few other materials such as methane and nitrogen mixed in. IX.A Tenuous Atmosphere: Pluto has a tenuous atmosphere of primarily nitrogen gas with some methane gas. As Pluto's eccentric orbit brings it nearer to the Sun, frozen nitrogen and methane are warmed and form a thin gas layer. As Pluto recedes from the Sun, the temperature will fall and the atmosphere may all but disappear. TO CHECK WHETHER PLUTO A PLANET OR NOT: FLOWCHART FOR REPORTING WHETHER PLUTO A PLANET OR NOT X.SUMMARY: My paper clearly presents solution for shuttle damage and predicts that Pluto is a planet.bodies in the solar system are called celestial bodies and since it has enough mass it is largest in the kuper belt. Through our suggestions ,we could say that Pluto has all those planetary qualities suggested by ISRO. 1.Thus Pluto is a celestial body. 2.It has enough mass 3.It is spherical in shape. 4.It has cleared its neibourhood around its orbit. Thus Pluto is a planet. REFERENCE: The Brick Moon and Other Stories by Edward Everett Hale. Project Gutenberg Space science and technology by marie quintile Solar system study by Edward griese Planeto astronomy by marwin. Astrophysics by marie thunda. Marwin’s techno innovations 1