Degrees of Comparison : Degrees of Comparison
Nouns : Nouns A noun is a person, a place, or a thing.
Ex. Jimmy read a book in the park.
Jimmy is a noun because it is a person’s name.
Book is a noun because it is a thing.
Park is a noun because it is a place.
Adjectives : Adjectives An adjective is a word that describes/qualifies a noun.
Ex. The tall man went into the restaurant.
Tall is an adjective. It describes a noun, man.
Degrees of comparison : Degrees of comparison 1.Positive degree.
2.Comparative degree.
3.Superlative degree
As (adjective)as(the adjective does NOT change) : As (adjective)as(the adjective does NOT change) She's twice as old as her sister.
I'm almost as good in maths as in science.
Positive Degree : Positive Degree Positive degree can be defined as the degree of comparison , when no comparison takes place or the units will be having equal status.
e. g. Sita can sing as sweet as Radha
Slide 7 : This book is not as exciting as the last one.
Che cafeteria is not as crowded as usual.
Russian is not quite as difficult as Chinese.
Sita is stronger than Radha : Sita is stronger than Radha
Comparative Degree : Comparative Degree Comparatives are used to show the difference between two objects. Let’s say that I have two cars. I have a little Toyota and a big Ford. A comparative is used to show the difference between the two. The Ford is big so we can say “the Ford is bigger than the Toyota”. Because the Toyota is small, we can say “The Toyota is smaller than the Ford”.
Slide 10 : www.logosacademy.edu.ec When we want to compare two persons, animals or things we use the COMPARATIVE FORM OF ADJECTIVES. E.g. Neem tree is taller than mango tree.
We use -er plus than to make the comparative form. : We use -er plus than to make the comparative form. www.logosacademy.edu.ec The man is taller than the boy The boy is shorter than the man.
We use -er plus than to make the comparative form : We use -er plus than to make the comparative form John Thomas John is …………… Thomas Thomas is ………………. John
E.g.s : E.g.s It's much colder today than it was yesterday.
Our car is bigger than your car.
This grammar topic is easier than most others. To learn to use these we need to learn five basic rules.
Slide 14 : Rule 1. If an adjective has 1 syllable we add the ending –er to the adjective.
small + er = smaller than
hard + er = harder than The ant is smaller than the hippo.
Slide 15 : Rule 2. If a one syllable adjective ends with a consonant + a vowel + a consonant you must double the last consonant and then ad –er.
big + er = bigger than fat + er = fatter than The elephant is fatter than the giraffe.
Slide 16 : Rule 3. If an adjective ends with a “y”, remove the “y” and add –ier. happy –y + ier = happier than funny –y + ier = funnier than The girl is happier than the duck.
Slide 17 : Rule 4. If an adjective has two syllables or more without a “y” then add the word “more” before the word. If the adjective ends with a “y”, you will only add the word “more” if it has three syllables or more. beautiful + more = more beautiful than
expensive + more = more expensive than satisfactory + more = more satisfactory than The butterfly is more beautiful than the frog.
Slide 18 : Russian grammar is more difficult than English grammar.
My sister is much more intelligent than me.
I find maths lessons more enjoyable than science lessons.
Slide 19 : Good, bad and far
Slide 20 : Rule 5. There are a few exceptions. good = better than bad = worse than far = farther than
Slide 21 : Remember, when using a comparative you must always follow it with the word “than”.
The Toyota is smaller than the Ford. The Ford is bigger than the Toyota. The ant is smaller than the hippo.
The elephant is fatter than the giraffe.
The girl is happier than the duck.
The butterfly is more beautiful than the frog.
Slide 22 : Sita is the tallest
Slide 23 : When we want to compare MORE than two people, animals or things we use the SUPERLATIVE FORM OF ADJECTIVES.
Superlatives : Superlatives are used to show the difference between more than two objects. Let’s say that I have three cars. I have a little Toyota, a medium size Jeep and a big Ford. A superlative is used to show the differences that exist in the group. The Ford is big so we can say “the Ford is the biggest”. Because the Toyota is small, we can say “The Toyota is the smallest”. Superlatives
The ant is the smallest. : The ant is the smallest. Rule 1. If an adjective has 1 syllable we add the ending –est to the adjective. small + est = the smallest hard + est = the hardest To learn to use these we need to learn five basic rules.
The hippo is the fattest. : The hippo is the fattest. Rule 2. If a one syllable adjective ends with a consonant + a vowel + a consonant you must double the last consonant and ad –est. big + est = the biggest fat + est = the fattest
The elephant is the heaviest. : The elephant is the heaviest. Rule 3. If an adjective ends with a “y”, remove the “y” and add –iest. happy –y + iest = the happiest funny –y + iest = the funniest
The airplane is the most expensive. : The airplane is the most expensive. Rule 4. If an adjective has two syllables or more without a “y” then add the word “most” before the word. If the adjective ends with a “y”, you will only add the word “most” if it has three syllables or more. beautiful + most = the most beautiful expensive + most = the most expensive satisfactory + most = the most satisfactory
Slide 29 : Rule 5. There are a few exceptions. good = the best bad = the worst far = the farthest This song is the best one.
Slide 30 : Remember, when using a superlative you must always precede it with the word “the”. The Toyota is the smallest. The Ford is the biggest. Brad Pitt is the most handsome. The airplane is the most expensive. Jim Carrey is the funniest.