JOEL : JOEL "Yahweh Is God"
Joel – The Day of the Lord : Joel – The Day of the Lord Authorship
No mention of a king
No mention of the Assyrians or Babylonians
No mention of Baalism
No mention of the northern kingdom of Israel
“Arguments from Silence” are not substantive
Theories on date of authorship : Theories on date of authorship During the reign of Joash
835-796 BC
The reign of Josiah
641-610 BC
Post-Exilic
around 500 BC
Authorship - Early or Late? : Authorship - Early or Late? 1. The enemies of Judah that are mentioned
Philistines and Phoenicians (Joel 3:4)
Egypt and Edom (3:19)
Assyrians and Babylonians later troubled Judah
2. Amos, a prophet during this time, seems to have been acquainted with Joel’s prophecies
(3:16; cf. Amos 1:2; 3:18; cf. 9:13).
3. Elders and priests are mentioned rather than the king would seem to point to Joash’s minority
(2 Kings 11:21)
Other prophets also do not mention a king; Obadiah, Jonah, Nahum and Habakkuk
Authorship - Early or Late? : Authorship - Early or Late? 4. Location of the book – and its different style, argue for a preexilic date
5. A grand outline of the whole terrible scene, depicted in more detail by subsequent prophets.
6. Sins denounced by Amos and Hosea are not mentioned here, including idolatry
He may have prophesied during the time of religious revival under the regency of Jehoiada, the priest and guardian of the boy king, Joash.
Authorship - Early or Late? : Authorship - Early or Late? 7. The mention of the Grecians [3:6] (Javan), not impossible, since they are mentioned in archaeological records dating from the eighth century BC
8. The phrase, “The LORD also will roar from Zion, And utter His voice from Jerusalem…” (Joel 3:16) is quoted by Amos as he begins his prophecy (Amos 1:2).
9. The theme of turning “plowshares and pruning hooks” into “swords and spears” for preexilic militancy is transposed in Isaiah 2:4 and Micah 4:3 as they anticipate the peaceful postexilic posture and foresee a peaceful millennial reign of the Messiah.
Authorship - Early or Late? : Authorship - Early or Late? ___ The mention of the Grecians in the book of Joel is a significant argument concerning the date of writing.
___ The lack of the mention of the specific sin of idolatry signifies that it was no longer a problem to Israel or Judah.
___ The most reasonable estimate appears to place the book in the minority of King Joash, at a time when Jehoiada the high priest was regent in Judah. L L E
Authorship - Early or Late? : Authorship - Early or Late? ___ Hebrew Tradition placed Joel between the … writers Hosea and Amos, whereas the canon of the LXX located it in fourth place after Micah in the group of short writings known to the Hebrews as the Twelve Prophets.
___ The theme of turning "plowshares and pruning hooks" into "swords and spears" for preexilic militancy is transposed in Isaiah.
___ Quotes in the book of Joel may be attributed to the prophecy of Amos.
___ Quotes in the book of Amos may be attributed to the prophecy of Joel. E E E L
JOEL ·The Day of the LORD : JOEL ·The Day of the LORD The Day of the LORD in Retrospect
Chapter 1
The past plagues of locusts and the devastation of drought
JOEL ·The Day of the LORD : JOEL ·The Day of the LORD The Day of the LORD in Prospect (Chapters 2-3)
The Imminent Judgment
The Ultimate Judgment
“I will gather all nations, And bring them down to the Valley of Jehoshaphat” (3:2)
JOEL ·The Day of the LORD : JOEL ·The Day of the LORD Provisional
2:25-27
"I will restore to you the years... You shall eat in plenty... And praise the name of the LORD your God"
JOEL ·The Day of the LORD : JOEL ·The Day of the LORD Ultimate
3:17-21
"Jerusalem shall be holy..."
"A fountain shall flow from the house of the LORD..."
"Judah shall abide forever..."
JOEL - The Prophet of Pentecost : JOEL - The Prophet of Pentecost Every nation will be affected
Promise
"I will pour out my Spirit on all flesh."
"dreams and visions"
Acts 2:16-21
prefillment / fulfillment
JOEL - The Prophet of Pentecost : JOEL - The Prophet of Pentecost Judgment
"Wonders in the heavens and in the earth"
Sun turned dark, moon to blood
"Whoever calls on the name of the LORD shall be saved."