Properties of Matter

Properties of Matter : Properties of Matter Chemistry: Lesson 1

Objectives : Objectives Explain the differences among elements, compounds, and mixtures. Use characteristic physical or chemical properties to distinguish one substance from another. Identify and describe reactants and products in simple chemical reactions.

State Standard : State Standard Pennsylvania State Science Standard 3.4.7.A - Physical Science Describe concepts about structure and properties of matter.

States of Matter : States of Matter Matter - anything that has mass and volume. All matter is made up of particles. particles are in random motion and constantly moving. the way they interact determines the phase. Three phases on Earth: solid liquid gas Phase Change - a sample of matter changes from one state to another.

States of Matter : States of Matter Freezing point - The freezing point of a liquid is the temperature at which it turns to a solid. Boiling point (- The boiling point of a liquid is the temperature at which the liquid completely changes to a gas.

Physical Properties of Matter : Physical Properties of Matter Physical Property - a physical property is a property of matter that you can observe or measure without changing the nature or identity of the substance or object. color, shape, odor, mass, volume density, texture, freezing point, melting point are examples. Some physical properties depend on how much of a substance you have. Physical properties help to distinguish the identities of different substances.

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Physical Properties of Matter : Physical Properties of Matter Density - the mass (m) of a substance or object divided by its volume (v) D = m/v The units for density are g/cm3 or g/mL All samples of a substance will have the same density, no matter how big or small the sample is.  Since all substance have different densities, eual volumes of different substances will have different masses.

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Density Problems : Density Problems What is the density of Iron with a mass of 34g and a volume of 15mL? Step 1: Write formula - D=m/v Step 2: Plug in known values - D=34g/15mL Step 3: Solve problem - D=34g/15mL                                      D= 2.67g/mL

Work on these problems with a partner : Work on these problems with a partner Jack has a rock. The rock has a mass of 6g and a volume of 3cm3. What is the density of the rock? Jill has a gel pen. The gel pen has a mass of 8g and a volume of 2cm3. What is the density of the pen?

Try these on your own.... : Try these on your own.... Al’Licia has a watch. It has a mass of 4g and a volume of 2cm3. What is the density of the watch? Mia has a wallet. It has a mass of 15g and a volume of 5cm3. What is the density of the wallet?

Physical Properties of Matter : Physical Properties of Matter Freezing points and boiling points can help identify substances. both don't depend on sample size, but the values can change when substances are combined together. Solubility - is the ability of one substance to dissolve in another substance. salt or sugar CAN dissolve in water = soluble iron CAN'T dissolve in water = insoluble Another physical property is a substances attraction to magnets.

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Physical Properties of Matter : Physical Properties of Matter Thermal Expansion - When a substance's volume increases when the substance absorbs heat. gaps in a sidewalk. Thermal Contraction - When a substance's volume decreases when the substance loses heat.

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Physical Properties of Matter : Physical Properties of Matter Color is not a good way to distingush between substances. Streak - the color of the mineral in powder form. the streak can be a different color than the mineral.

Chemical Properties of Matter : Chemical Properties of Matter Chemical Property - A property that you can observe or measure only by changing a substance into another substance. flammability (ability to catch fire), toxicity (ability to be poisonous), oxidation (ability to react with oxygen), radioactivity (ability to spontaneously emit energy from atomic nuclei)

Chemical Properties of Matter : Chemical Properties of Matter Acid - is a substance that turns blue litmus paper red and tastes sour. Base - is a substance that turns red litmus paper blue and tasrtes bitter. DO NOT TASTE ANYTHING IN THE SCIENCE CLASSROOM!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Indicator - a substance that changes color when it comes into contact with an acid or base. Litmus paper Neutral - a substance that is neither an acid or a base.

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Chemical Properties of Matter : Chemical Properties of Matter

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Chemistry: Lesson 1 Vocabulary : Chemistry: Lesson 1 Vocabulary matter phase change freezing point boiling point physical property density solubility thermal expansion thermal contraction streak chemical property acid base indicator neutral