What is Biotechnology?????? : What is Biotechnology??????
Definition : Definition Any technique that uses living organisms or substances from those organisms to make or modify a product, to improve plants or animals….
Or to develop microorganisms for specific uses.
Biotechnology : Biotechnology Biotechnology helps to meet our basic needs like food, clothing, shelter, health and safety
Improvements by using science
Science helps in production plants, animals and other organisms
Biotechnology : Biotechnology Also used in maintaining a good environment that promotes our well being
Using scientific processes to get new organisms or new products from organisms.
Includes many approaches and methods in science and technology
Some Of Products Of Enzyme Biotechnology : Some Of Products Of Enzyme Biotechnology Enzymes are used by the pulp and paper industry for the removal of “stickies”, the glues, adhesives and coatings that are introduced to pulp during recycling of paper. Esterases cut the stickies into smaller, more water soluble compounds, facilitating their removal from the pulp.
Enzymes have been used in many kinds of detergents for over 30 years, since they were first introduced by Novozymes. These enzymes are especially desirable for improving laundry processes in hot water cycles and/or at low temperatures for washing colors and darks eg:lipases
The textile industry has fueled biotechnological advances that have replaced harsh chemicals with enzymes in nearly all textile manufacturing processes.
Agricultural View : Agricultural View All of the applied science based operations in producing food, fiber, shelter, and other products
Milk production
New horticultural and ornamental plants
Wildlife, aquaculture,
natural resources and
environmental management
Organismic Biotech : Organismic Biotech Goal – improve organisms and the conditions in which they grow
Working with complete, intact organisms or their cells
Organisms are not genetically changed with artificial means
Help the organism live better or be more productive
Study and use natural genetic variations
Cloning is an example of organismic biotech
Cloning : Cloning Process of producing a new organism from cells or tissues of existing organism.
1997 cloned sheep – “Dolly” in Edinburgh Scotland
Molecular Biotech : Molecular Biotech Changing the genetic make-up of an organism
Altering the structure and parts of cells
Complex!
Uses genetic engineering,
molecular mapping and
similar processes
Genetic Engineering : Genetic Engineering Changing the genetic information in a cell
Specific trait of one organism may be isolated,cut, and moved into the cell of another organism
A small part of DNA being cut
to be transformed
Transgenic : Transgenic Results of Gen. Eng. Are said to be “transgenic”
Genetic material in an organism has been altered
“golden rice" is an
e.g. where the
beta-carotene gene
was introduced
Biotech fields : Biotech fields Medicine
Agriculture
Environment
Forestry
Food and beverage processing
Medicine : Medicine Some new developments delve into the hereditary material of humans known as gene therapy
Therapeutant - product used to maintain health or prevent disease
Biopharmaceuticals – drug or vaccine developed through biotechnology
Called designer drugs
Medicine : Medicine Biopharming – production of pharmaceuticals in cultured organisms
Combination of the agriculture and pharmaceutical industries
Certain blood – derived products needed in human medicine can be produced in the milk of goats
Environment : Environment Any biotechnological process that may promote a good environment.
Organisms developed during the gulf war to “eat” oil.
Problems naturally solved by microorganisms such as bacteria, fungi break down contaminant into a form less harmful or not harmful.
Plant biotech : Plant biotech Improve plants and the products produced from them
Insect and disease resistance
Engineered to have desired characteristics
Animal Biotech : Animal Biotech Improve animals or the products they produce
Animals may be used to produce products that promote human health
Increase productivity
Food and Beverages : Food and Beverages Use of technology in producing and processing
Yeast in baking bread
Genetically altered crops
rBGH milk
Greater Production : Greater Production Increases yields
Higher crop yields from drought, disease & insect resistant crops
Food with unique traits
Some contain therapeutants
Some designed with nutrient enrichment
Safety : Safety Consumers want foods to provide needed nutrients and in some cases, enhanced foods
Do not want side effects from those enhanced foods
Easy preparation : Easy preparation Flavr-Savr Tomato
Reached the market in early 1990’s
Engineered to have a longer shelf life
No soft spots
No rotten spots
Tomato resists spoilage
Synthetic biology : Synthetic biology Creating lifelike characteristics through the use of chemicals
Based on creating structures similar to those found in living organisms
Need for synthetic cells lead to the development of the vesicle
Is important because it brings science closer to creating life in the lab
Cells and tissues may be developed to treat human injury and disease
Some other examples….. : Some other examples….. Designer drugs
Designer babies!!!!!!!!
Immobilized enzymes in detergents
Probiotic ice-cream!!!!!!!!!!
Why Biotechnology? : Why Biotechnology? Knowledge-based approach
Offers unique solutions
Integrates technology delivery
Scale-neutral
Does not displace traditional methods
Environment-friendly
Portable - across crops
Versatile - impact on all facets of food chain from producers to consumers
Controversies……… : Controversies……… Against ethical beliefs : regarding cloning.
GM crops : may bring out harmful effects
THANK YOU : THANK YOU