Common Acids : Common Acids
Common Acids : Common Acids Sulfuric Acid H2SO4
Nitric Acid HNO3
Phosphoric Acid H3PO4
Hydrochloric Acid HCl
Acetic Acid CH3COOH
Carbonic Acid H2CO3 Battery acid Used to make fertilizers
and explosives Food flavoring Stomach acid Vinegar Carbonated water
Common Acids : Common Acids Formula Name of Acid Name of Negative Ion of Salt
HF hydrofluoric fluoride
HBr hydrobromic bromide
HI hydroiodic iodide
HCl hydrochloric chloride
HClO hypochlorous hypochlorite
HClO2 chlorous chlorite
HClO3 chloric chlorate
HClO4 perchloric perchlorate
H2S hydrosulfuric sulfide
H2SO3 sulfurous sulfite
H2SO4 sulfuric sulfate
HNO2 nitrous nitrite
HNO3 nitric nitrate
H2CO3 carbonic carbonate
H3PO3 phosphorous phosphite
H3PO4 phosphoric phosphate
Formation of Hydronium Ions : Formation of Hydronium Ions 1+ hydronium ion H3O+ + hydrogen ion H+ water H2O 1+ (a proton)
Sulfuric Acid, H2SO4 : Sulfuric Acid, H2SO4 Sulfuric acid is the most commonly produced industrial chemical in the world.
Uses: petroleum refining, metallurgy, manufacture of fertilizer,
many industrial processes: metals, paper, paint, dyes, detergents Sulfuric acid is used in
automobile batteries. H2SO4 “oil of vitriol”
Nitric Acid, HNO3 : Nitric Acid, HNO3 Nitric acid stains proteins yellow (like your skin).
Uses: make explosives, fertilizers, rubber, plastics, dyes, and pharmaceuticals. HNO3 “aqua fortis”
Hydrochloric Acid, HCl : Hydrochloric Acid, HCl The stomach produces HCl to aid in the digestion of food.
Uses: For ‘pickling’ iron and steel.
Pickling is the immersion of metals in acid solution to remove
surface impurities.
A dilute solution of HCl is called muriatic acid (available in many hardware
stores). Muriatic acid is commonly used to adjust pH in swimming pools
and in the cleaning of masonry. HCl(g) + H2O(l) HCl(aq) hydrogen chloride water hydrochloric acid