Slide 1 : Preview
Main Idea / Reading Focus
Religious War and Henry IV
Louis XIII and Richelieu
Faces of History: Cardinal Richelieu
The Monarchy of Louis XIV Absolute Monarchy and France
Slide 2 : Reading Focus
How did Henry IV end France’s wars of religion?
How did Louis XIII and Cardinal Richelieu strengthen the French monarchy?
What were the main events in the monarchy of Louis XIV? Main Idea
Henry IV, Louis XIII, and Louis XIV strengthened the French monarchy, with Louis XIV setting the example of an absolute monarch for the rest of Europe. Absolute Monarchy and France
Slide 3 : Religious War and Henry IV Soon after Protestant Reformation began in Germany, it spread to France
1560s, one in ten French was Huguenot, French Calvinist Protestant
Many noble families Huguenots
Large number of Protestants threatened Catholic French monarchy
Monarchy thought all should share “one king, one law, one religion”
Religious conflict a challenge to absolute monarchy
Slide 4 : Conflict and a New King
Slide 5 : Progress
Henry IV then focused on repairing war-torn country
Improved financial situation, eliminated debt, built up surplus
Created new industries, encouraged agriculture, stimulated trade, drained swamps, built canals, roads
Became one of France’s most respected monarchs Compromise
Henry knew compromise needed to restore peace
Edict of Nantes in 1598; gave Huguenots limited freedom of worship
Also, right to hold office, rule in 200 cities where in majority
Subjects no longer had to follow religion of throne; for French Catholics, ended religious wars, but Catholicism official religion
Slide 6 : Summarize
What were some of the high points and low points in the life of Henry IV? Answer(s): possible answer—high points: being crowned king, Edict of Nantes, reforms; low points: Saint Bartholomew's Day Massacre, having to fight to claim throne
Slide 7 : Henry ruled for another ten years
In 1610 he was stabbed by a fanatic Catholic
Young son Louis XIII crowned Louis XIII and Richelieu
Slide 8 :
Slide 9 : Richelieu and the king saw the nobles as a threat
Cardinal Richelieu turned to suppressing them Threat from Nobles
Slide 10 : Identify
Who did Louis XIII and Cardinal Richelieu see as their enemies? Answer(s): Huguenots, nobles, the Hapsburg family
Slide 11 : Louis XIV chose the sun as his personal symbol, implying that the world revolved around him. He thus became known as the Sun King. Richelieu died in 1642, Louis XIII, 1643; Louis XIV crowned
Ruled during time of great power, prosperity and glory
His reign had lasting impact—both positive and negative The Monarchy of Louis XIV
Slide 12 : Absolute Monarchy
Louis XIV retained absolute power for rest of long reign
Began tradition of absolute monarchy to last more than century
Demanded to be in charge of all military, political, economic initiatives Absolutely Dependent
Additionally, Louis urged nobles to develop expensive new habits of dressing, dining, and gambling
As nobles grew poorer, had to depend on king’s generosity just to survive Central Government
Drew power to himself, deprived nobles of influence
Built palace outside Paris at Versailles; demanded nobles visit regularly
Nobles gained prestige being servants at Versailles court, not by fighting Absolutism at Versailles
Slide 13 : Spectacle at Versailles Versailles was a grand spectacle of kingly power
Louis XIV’s style, ceremony emphasized political strength
Practically every moment of king’s day required rituals by bowing courtiers
Eating, dressing, walking in garden, all required a ritual
Louis always knew who had given what he considered proper attention
Slide 14 : Louis smashed power of Huguenots
Edict of Nantes had protected Huguenots since reign of Henry IV
Even Richelieu had not be able to eliminate that protection
1685, Louis revoked edict, outlawed Protestantism in France
Over 200,000 Huguenots fled—prosperous merchants, artisans
Loss of their skills, wealth helped cause financial crisis Louis and Protestantism
Slide 15 : No heir in Spain
Louis wanted to increase power beyond France’s borders; wars cost dearly
Most costly war, War of the Spanish Succession
Began when Spanish king died without an heir Alliances
1701, England, Netherlands, Holy Roman Empire went to war against France
Fighting not limited to Europe, spread to North America as well
Conflict connected to phase of French and Indian Wars Successor
Three rulers claimed they should name successor
Louis wanted Spanish throne for oldest son
Other European monarchs did not want France, Spain so closely connected War over a Throne
Slide 16 : Treaty of Utrecht 1713, after many defeats, Louis accepted the Treaty of Utrecht
Treaty said Louis’s grandson got Spanish throne
Also said France, Spain never to be ruled by same monarch
Louis had to give up most of territory he had taken
War benefited England at expense of France, Spain
Despite setback, Louis XIV remained in power until death, 1715—still absolute monarch
Slide 17 : Find the Main Idea
What were some main events during Louis XIV’s reign? Answer(s): building of Versailles, cancellation of Edict of Nantes, War of the Spanish Succession, Treaty of Utrecht