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Slide 2 : Preview
Starting Points Map: Monarchs of Europe
Main Idea / Reading Focus
The King Becomes Emperor
Artistic Achievements
Spain under Philip II The Power of Spain
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Slide 4 : Reading Focus
What challenges did King Charles I face when he became Emperor Charles V?
What were some artistic achievements of Spain’s golden age?
How did Spain rise and then decline under Philip II? Main Idea
Spain experienced a golden age during the 1500s, but economic problems and military struggles decreased Spanish power by the 1600s. The Power of Spain
Slide 5 : The King Becomes Emperor
Slide 6 : When Charles became king of Spain, he inherited the Low Countries of Belgium and the Netherlands, along with colonies in the Americas. Charles V and the Empire
Slide 7 : Peace
Agreement gave each German prince right to decide if his state would be Catholic or Protestant
Charles’ vision of a Catholic Europe never became reality
Constant warfare also brought Charles to brink of bankruptcy Confrontation
1521, Charles confronted Protestant leader Martin Luther directly
In spite of Charles’ efforts, Protestants gained influence
Rebellions against Catholic rulers spread
After years of warfare, Charles V had to sign Peace of Augsburg
Slide 8 : Success in Americas Charles V more successful in Americas than in Europe
During reign, Spanish explorers claimed much of Americas for Spain
Among explorers King Charles supported
Hernán Cortés, who conquered Aztec empire
Francisco de Coronado, who explored American Southwest region
Silver and gold flowed from American colonies
Brought Spain fabulous wealth
Slide 9 : Dividing the Empire
Slide 10 : Draw Conclusions
In what ways was Charles V successful as an emperor? In what ways was he unsuccessful? Answer(s): successful—exploration of the Americas, which brought fabulous wealth to Spain; unsuccessful—did not maintain religious control over Europe; constant wars brought financial problems
Slide 11 : From 1550 to 1650, Spanish golden age of artistic achievement
Became known as the Golden Century Artistic Achievements
Slide 12 : Writers
Spanish golden age also produced fine writers
Greatest was Miguel de Cervantes Colonial Writers
Writers in Spain’s colonies produced works of merit
Sister Juana Ines de la Cruz wrote poetry, prose, plays Cervantes
Most famous work, Don Quixote de la Mancha
About man caught between medieval, modern worlds Church Criticism
Church officials criticized Sister Juana for some of her ideas
She believed women had right to education Literature
Slide 13 : Summarize
What were some achievements of Spain’s Golden Century? Answer(s): paintings by El Greco and Velásquez, writings by Miguel de Cervantes and Juana Ines de la Cruz
Slide 14 : Spain at peak of grandeur with reign of Philip II
One reason—stream of gold and silver from colonies in Americas
With wealth came power—but gold could not solve Spain’s problems Spain under Philip II
Slide 15 : Dutch Revolt Dutch refused to declare allegiance to Philip
To punish, Philip sent army under command of Duke of Alba
Alba set up court
Known locally as Court of Blood
Tortured, executed thousands suspected of being rebels
Cruelties made situation worse; rebellion broke out anew
Revolt dragged on for decades
1609, truce reached
Seven northern provinces formed independent nation, the Netherlands
Southern provinces remained in Spanish hands
Slide 16 : English Aid to Dutch
Dutch revolt deepened another rivalry, between Spain, England
As fellow Protestants, England sent aid to Dutch rebels
England’s assistance to Dutch infuriated Philip Invasion Planned
King Philip II wanted to stop England from raiding ships, return England to Catholic Church
Decided to invade England Attacks on Spanish Ships
Philip also worried about English attacks on his ships
England’s Queen Elizabeth I allowed ship captains to attack Spanish treasure ships, steal gold, silver for England Spain and England
Slide 17 : Philip ordered navy to assemble great fleet, the Spanish Armada
Totaled about 130 ships, 20,000 soldiers, sailors
1588, invincible fleet sailed into English channel
Queen Elizabeth I rallied troops and prepared for attack Philip’s Armada
Slide 18 : Relying on traditional agricultural economy, Spain’s economy lagged behind that of other countries. Spain declined as a major power. The defeat of the Armada was not the end for Spain, which recovered from the loss.
But England remained Protestant, defiant, and undefeated. An Empire in Decline
Slide 19 : Recall
What were two events that caused problems for Spain? Answer(s): revolt in the Netherlands; defeat of the Spanish Armada