5-Anthropology

ANTHROPOLOGY : ANTHROPOLOGY Terry R Baughman, MAET Christian Life College – Stockton CA

ANTHROPOLOGY : ANTHROPOLOGY From the Greek - a;nqrwpoj anthropos “What is man that You are mindful of him, And the son of man that You visit him?” Psalm 8:4

Why am I here? : Why am I here? “I don’t know where I’m going. I don’t even know why I’m here!”

What is our Purpose? : What is our Purpose? Purpose #1 Worship You were planned for God’s Pleasure. Purpose #2 Fellowship You were formed to be part of God’s family. Purpose #3 Discipleship You were created to become like Christ. Purpose #4 Ministry You were shaped for God’s service. Purpose #5 Mission You were made to tell others about Christ.

ANTHROPOLOGY : ANTHROPOLOGY Man is a machine Valued for contributions Man is an animal Different only in degree Man is a sexual being Most significant human experience Man is an economic being Driven by material needs

ANTHROPOLOGY : Man is a pawn of the universe No control over his destiny Man is a free being Master of his fate, captain of his soul Man is a social being Must interact with other social beings ANTHROPOLOGY

ANTHROPOLOGY : ANTHROPOLOGY Christian view: Man is a creature of God, made in the image of God.

ANTHROPOLOGY : ANTHROPOLOGY “Imago dei” – The image of God The substantive view Some definite characteristic or quality within the makeup of the human.

ANTHROPOLOGY : ANTHROPOLOGY “Imago dei” – The image of God The substantive view The relational view Experiencing of a relationship, with the relationship itself being the image.

ANTHROPOLOGY : ANTHROPOLOGY “Imago dei” – The image of God The substantive view The relational view The functional view Has to do with what man does. Man’s dominion over creation

ANTHROPOLOGY : ANTHROPOLOGY “Imago dei” – The image of God Man’s spiritual, intellectual, rational, and moral nature as originally created. Views: Essentially holy in his original state, created innocent Created mortal (given a tree of life) Created immortal until the Fall

ANTHROPOLOGY : ANTHROPOLOGY Views as to the make up of the invisible part of man’s being: Dichotomy – body and soul/spirit Trichotomy – body, soul, and spirit Monistic – essentially one Body, soul, spirit, heart, mind all refer to the same being “holistic” – man as a whole being

ANTHROPOLOGY : ANTHROPOLOGY Origin of the Soul Creationist View Spirit created by God and being placed in the human somewhere between conception and birth “And the LORD God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostrils the breath of life; and man became a living being.” Genesis 2:7

ANTHROPOLOGY : ANTHROPOLOGY Origin of the Soul Pre-existent view All souls were created by God at some point in eternity and are waiting bodies to be assigned

ANTHROPOLOGY : ANTHROPOLOGY Origin of the Soul Traducian Immaterial part communicated to the child by his parents at conception “And Adam lived one hundred and thirty years, and begot a son in his own likeness, after his image, and named him Seth.” Genesis 5:3

ANTHROPOLOGY : ANTHROPOLOGY The Intermediate State Life after death and before the resurrection Where are the dead? Are the dead conscious?

ANTHROPOLOGY : ANTHROPOLOGY The Intermediate State Hebrew lAav. - sheol – “grave” or “hell” rb,q, - qeber – grave Greek a[|dhj – hades – “hell” or “grave” ge,enna – gehenna – hell (fire)

ANTHROPOLOGY : ANTHROPOLOGY The Intermediate State Are the dead conscious? Does the Soul Sleep? Ecclesiastes 9:5 For the living know that they will die; But the dead know nothing, And they have no more reward, For the memory of them is forgotten. Ecclesiastes 9:10 Whatever your hand finds to do, do it with your might; for there is no work or device or knowledge or wisdom in the grave where you are going.

ANTHROPOLOGY : ANTHROPOLOGY Paul’s “out of body” experience: “I know a man in Christ who fourteen years ago -- whether in the body I do not know, or whether out of the body I do not know, God knows -- such a one was caught up to the third heaven. And I know such a man -- whether in the body or out of the body I do not know, God knows -- how he was caught up into Paradise and heard inexpressible words, which it is not lawful for a man to utter.” 2 Corinthians 12:2-4

ANTHROPOLOGY : ANTHROPOLOGY Paul’s teaching “to be absent from the body” is “to be present with the Lord” 2 Corinthians 5:8 “to depart and be with Christ, which is far better” than remaining “in the flesh” Philippians 1:23-24

ANTHROPOLOGY : ANTHROPOLOGY Jesus’ teaching Jesus told the thief on the cross they would be together in Paradise Luke 23:42-43 Implied that the thief would enjoy conscious fellowship with Jesus in Paradise.

ANTHROPOLOGY : ANTHROPOLOGY John’s revelation John saw the righteous dead as being conscious prior to the resurrection. Revelation 6:9-11 Tribulation martyrs are in the presence of God in heaven, conscious and able to communicate.

ANTHROPOLOGY : ANTHROPOLOGY The Rich man and Lazarus Luke 16:19-31 At Lazarus’ death he was carried by angels to “Abraham’s bosom”

ANTHROPOLOGY : ANTHROPOLOGY The Rich man and Lazarus “And being in torments in Hades, he lifted up his eyes and saw Abraham afar off, and Lazarus in his bosom.” Vs. 23

ANTHROPOLOGY : ANTHROPOLOGY What about Death as “Sleep”? Some references speak of death as sleep. John 11:11 A common metaphor for death Communication with this world is terminated Not to imply there is no consciousness in the afterlife.

ANTHROPOLOGY : ANTHROPOLOGY What is SIN? SIN

ANTHROPOLOGY : ANTHROPOLOGY The Sin Problem Pelagius God creates a soul for every person, untainted by any corruption or guilt. Man could theoretically fulfill God’s commands perfectly by his own efforts.

ANTHROPOLOGY : ANTHROPOLOGY The Sin Problem James Arminius Man received a corrupted nature from Adam. He begins life without righteousness, unable to fulfill God’s commands without divine help. Man is not culpable for Adam’s sin, but he is liable to punishment.

ANTHROPOLOGY : ANTHROPOLOGY The Sin Problem John Calvin Adam’s sin was the sin of the entire human race and all are guilty. “Federal headship” – Adam represented the entire human race in his sin. Another view (held by Augustine) was one of “natural headship”. All mankind was present in the loins of Adam, participating in his sin.

ANTHROPOLOGY : ANTHROPOLOGY Biblical Teaching about SIN Three terms for the causes of sin Ignorance The Greek word a;gnoia (agnoia) is often used of innocent ignorance An ignorance for which man is apparently responsible Hebrews 9:7 refers to a sacrifice offered both for the priest and the avgno,hma (agnonema) of the people.

ANTHROPOLOGY : ANTHROPOLOGY Biblical Teaching about SIN Three terms for the causes of sin Ignorance Error The Greek word plana,w (planao) “to be led astray, or to be deceived” One can be led astray by evil spirits, by others, or by oneself NKJ 1 Timothy 4:1 Now the Spirit expressly says that in latter times some will depart from the faith, giving heed to deceiving spirits and doctrines of demons, NKJ Ephesians 4:14 that we should no longer be children, tossed to and fro and carried about with every wind of doctrine, by the trickery of men, in the cunning craftiness of deceitful plotting, NKJ 1 John 1:8 If we say that we have no sin, we deceive ourselves, and the truth is not in us.

ANTHROPOLOGY : ANTHROPOLOGY Biblical Teaching about SIN Three terms for the causes of sin Ignorance Error Inattention The Greek word parakoh, (parakoe) “a hearing amiss or disobedience” Disobedience resulting from inattention or the failure to hear correctly

ANTHROPOLOGY : ANTHROPOLOGY Biblical Teaching about SIN Eight terms for the character of sin Missing the Mark Irreligion Transgression Iniquity or lack of integrity Rebellion Treachery Perversion Abomination

ANTHROPOLOGY : ANTHROPOLOGY Biblical Teaching about SIN Sin results in God’s disfavor Sin is universal Sin is communicated to the entire human race as a result of Adam’s sin SIN is serious

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