Role of Network in Modern Academic Environment

Role of Network in Modern Academic Environment M.N.Islam (C.I.T), Jamia Millia Islamia (A central University)Jamia Millia Islamia 2 Agenda • Network (LAN, VLAN) • TCP/IP • Applications of Network • (Remote Access, File Transfer, Network Management etc.) • IP AddressingJamia Millia Islamia 3 Network A network is a collection of individual computers, connected by some physical media and networking devices. In other words Interconnected collection of autonomous machinesJamia Millia Islamia 4 Internetwork An internetwork is a collection of individual networks, connected by intermediate networking devices that function as a single large networkJamia Millia Islamia 5 Local Area Network(LAN) • A LAN is a high-speed, fault-tolerant data network that covers a relatively small geographic area • It typically connects workstations, personal computers, printers, and other devices • LANs offer computer users many advantages, including shared access to devices and applications, file exchange between connected users, and communication between users via electronic mail and other applicationsJamia Millia Islamia 6 Virtual Local Area Network (VLAN) • A VLAN is a logical grouping of network users and resources connected to administratively defined ports on a switch. • A VLAN is treated like its own subnet or broadcast domain. This means that frames broadcasted onto a network are only switched between ports in the same VLAN.Jamia Millia Islamia 7 What Is TCP/IP? • A suite of protocols • Rules that dictate how packets of information are sent across multiple networks • Addressing • Error checkingJamia Millia Islamia 8 TCP/IP • TCP/IP defines communications between computers on the Internet • Internet Protocol (IP) – Determines where packets are routed based on their destination addresses – Breaks packets into smaller packets and reassembles them • TCP ensures packets arrive correctly at their destination addressJamia Millia Islamia 9 TCP/IP Applications • Application layer – File Transfer Protocol (FTP) – Remote Login (Telnet) – E-mail (SMTP) • Transport layer – Transport Control Protocol (TCP) – User Datagram Protocol (UDP) • Network layer – Internet Protocol (IP) • Data link & physical layer – LAN Ethernet, Token Ring, FDDI, etc. – WAN Serial lines, Frame Relay, X.25, etc.Jamia Millia Islamia 10 Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMP) Ping ICMP helps control and manages the work of IP and therefore is considered to be part of TCP/IP’s network layerJamia Millia Islamia 11 FTP • FTP is a TCP-based application that has many options and features, including the capabilities to change directories, list files using wildcard characters, transfer multiple files with a single command, and use a variety of character sets or file formatsJamia Millia Islamia 12 IPv4 Addressing • 32-bit addresses • Commonly expressed in dotted decimal format (e.g., 192.168.10.12) • Each “dotted decimal” is commonly called an octet (8 bits)Jamia Millia Islamia 13 IP Addressing—Three Classes • Class A: NET.HOST.HOST.HOST • Class B: NET.NET.HOST.HOST • Class C: NET.NET.NET.HOSTJamia Millia Islamia 14 IP Addressing—Class A • 10.222.135.17 • Network # 10 • Host # 222.135.17 • Range of class A network IDs: 1–126 • Number of available hosts: 16,777,214Jamia Millia Islamia 15 IP Addressing—Class B • 128.128.141.245 • Network # 128.128 • Host # 141.245 • Range of class B network IDs: 128.1–191.254 • Number of available hosts: 65,534Jamia Millia Islamia 16 IP Addressing—Class C • 192.150.12.1 • Network # 192.150.12 • Host # 1 • Range of class C network IDs: 192.0.1–223.255.254 • Number of available hosts: 254Jamia Millia Islamia 17 IP Network Address Classes 01111111 00000000 10111111 11011111 11111111 00000000 00000000 11111111 11111111 00000000 00000000 00000000 # Networks 126 16,384 2,097,152 # Hosts 254 65,534 16,777,214 Class ABC Class A 35.0.0.0 Class B 128.5.0.0 Class C 132.33.33.0 Network Address Space Host Address Space ExampleJamia Millia Islamia 18 IP Subnetting • Subnets allow routing by rangesJamia Millia Islamia 19 IP Subnet Mask Given: Address = 131.108.2.160 Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0 Subnet = 131.108.2.0Jamia Millia Islamia 20 IP Address Assignment • ISPs assign addresses to customers • IANAassigns addresses to ISPs U.S. government -Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) non-government -Internet Corporation for Assigned Names and Numbers (ICANN)Jamia Millia Islamia 21 Gateway -A gateway takes data from one network and repackages it, so that each network can understand the other networks data. -A gateway is like an interpreter. For example if two groups of people can physically talk to each other but speak different languages, they need an interpreter to communicate. Similarly, two networks can be physically connected but need a gateway to translate network communication