Diet in Hypertension : Diet in Hypertension
Hypertension : Hypertension Blood pressure is the force exerted on the artery walls by the blood flowing through the body.
A blood pressure reading provides two measures, systolic pressure and diastolic pressure, which are expressed as millimeters of mercury (mm Hg), or how high the pressure of blood would raise a column of mercury.
Slide 3 : Systolic pressure is measured as the heart pumps. Diastolic pressure is measured between beats, as blood flows back into the heart.
Hypertension can result when the diameter of the arteries is reduced as in atherosclerosis or when the volume of the blood moving through the arteries is increased.
Increased pressure caused by reduced diameter of the arteries appears to play a greater role.
Slide 4 :
Slide 5 : Kidney seems to be involved as they play a major role in blood pressure regulation .
Ageing ,Genetic, Obesity, Salt sensitivity, Alcohol & diet are the contributing factors
An arterial pressure of 140/90mm of mercury (mm Hg) or greater defines hypertension.
Slide 6 :
Slide 7 : Low calcium intake may increase risk of hypertension.
Potassium has an important role in blood pressure treatment.
Excessive sodium intake is linked with high blood pressure or hypertension in some people.
Table salt is 40 percent sodium. One teaspoon has about 2,000 mg sodium
Modification of Diet : Modification of Diet Diet needs to be adjusted according to the age, physical activity ,present weight,& life style.
Low sodium intake -For sodium-sensitive people, reducing sodium is a prudent approach to reducing the risk of hypertension. The recommendation for daily sodium intake is 1,500 to 2,300 mg a day Normal intake of salt by an average Indian is approximately 5-10gms.So lowering to 1 tsp (5gms) per day will bring a modest fall in blood pressure
Slide 9 : Potassium- The amount of potassium in the diet is also important. Potassium works with sodium to regulate the body’s water balance.
Research has shown that the more potassium and less sodium a person has in his/her diet, greater the likelihood that the person will maintain normal blood pressure.
However, the evidence does not suggest that people with high blood pressure should take potassium supplements. Instead, potassium rich foods should be eaten everyday
Slide 10 : When sodium is retained in the body, potassium is excreted. For this potassium should be replenished .
All kinds of fruits, vegetables, grains, poultry &fish are good sources of potassium.
Some diuretics can lead to potassium deficiency , symptoms may be weakness particularly of the legs unexplained numbness or tingling sensation, cramps, irregular heart beat, excessive thirst and urination.
Blood levels should be checked to prevent hypokalemia.
Slide 11 : 3. Lose weight- by eating low Kcal diet.
Maintaining a reasonable weight is important to minimize the risk of several major diseases, including hypertension.
For people who are overweight, even a small weight loss can dramatically reduce or even prevent high blood pressure.
Lifestyle Modifications for Blood Pressure Reduction : Lifestyle Modifications for Blood Pressure Reduction
Slide 13 : The DASH Diet
Source: “A Clinical Trial of the Effects of Dietary Patterns on Blood Pressure.” New England Journal of Medicine. 1997.336:1117-1124.
A landmark study called DASH (Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) looked at the effects of an overall eating plan in adults with normal to high blood pressure. Researchers found that in just eight weeks, people following the DASH diet saw their blood pressure decrease.
A subsequent study called DASH 2 looked at the effect of following the DASH diet and restricting salt intake to 1500 mg per day. Under the DASH 2 diet, people with Stage 1 hypertension had their blood pressure decrease as much or more than any anti-hypertensive medication had been able to lower it.
The DASH Eating Plan : The DASH Eating Plan
DASH DIET( Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension) : DASH DIET( Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension)
Sodium in Foods : Sodium in Foods