Modules 1-3 Online Class

EDUC 4863 : EDUC 4863 Modules 1-3 Overview

WELCOME! : WELCOME! Welcome to the Virtual Classroom of EDUC 4863! Please share your audio/ video so that we can talk freely with each other. You can also type questions and comments via the chat function.

Module 1: A Summary : Module 1: A Summary Discuss opinions about language teaching and learning Important terminology Guiding questions for the study of Language Acquisition What is being acquired? How is it being acquired? Why are some learners more successful than others? Important features of Language Acquisition Differences between L1 and L2 Logical Problem of Language Learning Frameworks for studying Language Acquisition Linguistic Psychological Social

Module 1: An Overview of Language Acquisition : Module 1: An Overview of Language Acquisition We began by examining our opinions of learning and teaching language. Let’s discuss!

Module 1: Vocab : Module 1: Vocab Important terms: L1 L2 SLA ESL/ EFL Language

Module 1: Guiding Questions : Module 1: Guiding Questions WHAT exactly does the L2 learner come to know? HOW does the learner acquire this knowledge? WHY are some learners more successful than others?

Comparison : Comparison

Module 1: The Logical Problem of Language Learning : Module 1: The Logical Problem of Language Learning Poverty of the Stimulus Too many constraints and principles to LEARN Universal patterns of development There must be some factor other than “learning” to account for language acquisition! The same applies to SLA

Module 1: Fields of SLA : Module 1: Fields of SLA

Module 1: Acquisition : Module 1: Acquisition What do you think helps us acquire language? Natural (Innate) ability Conscious Learning Social Interaction What evidence is there for each?

Module 2: The Frameworks of SLA : Open Acadia - Language Acquisition Module 2: The Frameworks of SLA

Linguistics : Open Acadia - Language Acquisition Linguistics

Linguistic Framework : Linguistic Framework What are structural linguists interested in? What is the Contrastive Analysis Hypothesis (CAH)? What is some of the proof against the CAH? What is Universal Grammar? What are “interlanguage rules”?

Psychology : Open Acadia - Language Acquisition Psychology Concerned mostly with “HOW learners acquire L2 knowledge” and “WHY some learners are more successful than others” What do you think about the two designer methods mentioned here? What are the good aspects of these methodologies? Bad aspects? Would you use any aspects of these methodologies in your class? How?

Psychological Framework : Psychological Framework How do behavioralists explain language learning? How do cognitivists explain language learning? Describe the following methods Audiolinguial Suggestopedia TPR

Social Perspective : Open Acadia - Language Acquisition Social Perspective Concerned mostly with “HOW learners acquire L2 knowledge” and “WHY some learners are more successful than others”

Social Framework : Social Framework Sound-Colour Chart for the Silent Method Open Acadia - Language Acquisition

Social Framework : Social Framework How do constructivists explain language learning? What is the Zone of Proximal Development? What is “The Silent Way”?

Module 2: Discussion : Module 2: Discussion How would you teach a vocabulary lesson based on the different methodologies we have studied? Grammar Translation Audio-lingual Method Suggestopedia The Silent Way Total Physical Response Communicative Language Teaching

Module 3: Overview : Module 3: Overview Predictable patterns that are similar in all languages Developmental Sequences in English Grammatical Morphemes Negatives Questions Issues in FLA Simultaneous bilingualism

Stages of Language Acquisition : Stages of Language Acquisition Crying Cooing Babbling First words (12 months) Why do you think the words for mama and papa are similar in so many languages? Why are these often the first words produced by children?

Stages of Language Acquistion : Stages of Language Acquistion Holophrastic phrases (12-18 months) 1-2 word utterances with many meanings Telegraphic phrases (2 years) 2-3 word sentences Questions and negatives Increasingly proficient speech (3 years +) Multi-clause, complex sentences Grammar mastered by age 6

Developmental Sequences : Developmental Sequences

What stage? : What stage? Daniel–age2years2months Mama,whatdoing? Thomassleeping TwoMimidog Twolion Playtrucks Nana,that[Sharon]’sbook Dylan – age 3 years 2 months That Leah’s hat Hm, my thinking about it My want to hold two pairs socks My went to playgroup and my had a snack I sawed it! (I saw it) Brett – age 4 years 1 month Grampy, I’m hiding! Brandon, don’t hide in the same place that I’m hiding, OK? The cat likes the food!

Negation : Negation Stage 1: Utterances with external negative marker Not or not is used at the beginning or end of the sentence No No cookie Wash face no Not go home Stage 2: Simple utterances with internal negative markers Sentence subject may be included. Negative word comes before verb Daddy no comb hair. Don’t touch that.

Negation : Negation Stage 3:Negative element inserted into a more complex utterance following sentence order. Other negative words are included: don’t, can’t No variance for person or tense I can’t do it He don’t want it We don’t like this food He don’t take a bath last night He can’t play with me Stage 4: Negative is attached to the correct form of ‘be’ and ‘do’, but still may have problems with more complex negatives. You didn’t have supper. She doesn’t want it. I don’t have no more candies.

What Stage? : What Stage? Daniel–age2years2months Ithinknot Maybenot UncleJameswastewaterno Mamatalkto[Sharon]no Dylan–age3years2months WhyInotseewater? Menotlikepotatoes Thatnotmyhat Brett- age 4 years 1 month Brandon, don’t hide in the same place that I’m hiding, OK? I don’t like meatballs I don’t want to put my socks on now. Brandon isn’t playing fair!

Questions : Questions Stage 1: External question markers Short utterances with rising intonation Some short simple wh- questions Mommy book? Cookie? You like this? I have some? Where daddy go? What that? Stage 2: “Fronting” Child puts a verb form or question word at the front, then leaves the rest as a statement Some questions may appear correct Are you happy? Does the kitty stand up? Why the kitty can’t stand up? Why you catched it?

Questions… : Questions… Stage 3: Subject-verb auxiliary inversion. More variety in auxiliaries (is/are) used. Are you going to play with me? Do dogs like ice cream? Stage 4: Negative and complex embedded questions. Why can’t the teddy bear go outside? Ask him why he can’t go out. From Klima and Bellugi (1967)

What stage? : What stage? Daniel–age2years,2months Mama,whatdoing? Whatthatnoise? Dylan–age3years3months Whymenotseewater? Brett–age4years1month Daddy,canIstayoutside? Whydobigkidsgettostayuplaterthanlittlekids? Whybigkidscanstayuplate?

Discuss : Discuss Why do you think these set stages occur in language acquisition?

Behaviourism : Behaviourism “Repeat after me” Language is a set of habits Young children imitate what they hear “mama” “dada” “baby” “truck” Positive reinforcement from the environment praise, successful communication Associations are formed Glass of milk = “milk”

Behaviourism : Behaviourism Do you think that language is acquired through imitation and reinforcement? What evidence is there for and against this theory?

Linguistic Framework (Innatism) : Linguistic Framework (Innatism) “It’s all in your mind” All human languages Are fundamentally innate Have the same underlying universal principles Children are biologically programmed to learn language

Innatism : Innatism Do you think that everyone has an innate ability to learn language? What evidence is there for and against innatism? Ethics aside, how would you test the existence of a Critical Period for first language acquisition? Do you think intelligence and environment play a role in language learning?

Social Framework (Functional Approach) : Social Framework (Functional Approach) "Language is not a genetic gift, it is a social gift.  Learning a new language is becoming a member of the club -- the community of speakers of that language.“ Frank Smith Language acquisition is partly innate, partly environmental Vygotsky: Language develops from social interaction Zone of Proximal Development 1970’s

Functional Approach : Functional Approach Do you think children can benefit linguistically from watching TV? What are the limitations? What role do you think social interaction plays in learning a language? Is it important? Why or why not?

Issues in SLA : Issues in SLA What are some of the benefits and risks of early childhood bilingualism? How would you encourage the positive aspects of bilingualism and reduce the negative?