Slide 1 : Napoleon I
(1804-1814) Ms, Susan M. PojerHorace Greeley HS Chappaqua, NY
Slide 2 : “Bonaparte,” 1798
Jacques Louis David
FIRST CONSUL
Slide 3 : Europe in 1800
Slide 4 : Haitian Independence, 1792-1804 Toussaint L’Ouverture
Slide 5 : Louisiana Purchase, 1803 $15,000,000
Slide 6 : “Consecration of the Emperor Napoléon & the Empress Josephine,” 1806 by David December 2, 1804
Slide 7 : “Consecration of the Emperor Napoléon & the Empress Josephine,”
1806 by David
Slide 8 : Napoléon’s Throne
Slide 9 : The Imperial Image
Slide 10 : The “Empire” Style Madame Recamier by David, 1808
Slide 11 : Napoleonic Europe
Slide 12 : Napoléon’s Major Military Campaigns
Slide 13 : Battle of Trafalgar
Slide 14 : “Crossing the Alps,”
1805
Paul Delaroche
Slide 15 : Napoléon’s Major Military Campaigns ? Britain Austria Russia(3rd Coalition) France ? 1805: -Danube-Italy ULM: France defeated Austria.
AUSTERLITZ: France defeated Austria & Russia. Crowned “King of Italy” on May 6, 1805
Slide 16 : Napoléon’s Major Military Campaigns JENA: French Troops in Berlin!
BERLIN DECREES(“Continental System”) ? Prussia France ? 1806: Confed.of theRhine 4th Coalition created
Slide 17 : British Cartoon “Continental System” (1806-1812)
Slide 18 : Napoléon’s Major Military Campaigns Grand Duchy of Warsaw
FRIEDLAND: France defeated Russian troops
: France occupied Konigsberg, capital of East Prussia! ? Russia France ? 1806: Poland
Slide 19 : “Napoléon on His Imperial Throne”
1806
By Jean AugusteDominique Ingres
Slide 20 : Josephine’s Divorce Statement (1807) With the permission of our august and dear husband, I must declare that, having no hope of bearing children who would fulfill the needs of his policies and the interests of France, I am pleased to offer him the greatest proof of attachment and devotion ever offered on this earth.
Slide 21 : Napoléon’s Divorce Statement (1807) Far from ever finding cause for complaint, I can to the contrary only congratulate myself on the devotion and tenderness of my beloved wife. She has adorned thirteen years of my life; the memory will always remain engraved on my heart.
Slide 22 : Marie Louise(of Austria)married Napoléon on March 12, 1810 in Vienna
Slide 23 : Marie Louise(of Austria)withNapoléon’s Son
(Napoléon Francis Joseph Charles: 1811-1832)
Slide 24 : Peninsular Campaign: 1807-1810 Portugal did not comply with the Continental System.
France wanted Spain’s support to invade Portugal.
Spain refused, so Napoleon invaded Spain as well! ? Spain Portugal France ? 1806: ContinentalSystem
Slide 25 : The Surrender of MadridMay, 1809
Slide 26 : “Third of May, 1808” by Goya (1810)
Slide 27 : “Napoléon in HisStudy”
1812
by David
Slide 28 : Napoléon’s Empire in 1810
Slide 29 : Napoléon’s Family Rules! Jerome Bonaparte ? King of Westphalia.
Joseph Bonaparte ? King of Spain
Louise Bonaparte ? King of Holland
Pauline Bonaparte ? Princess of Italy
Napoléon Francis Joseph Charles (son)? King of Rome
Elisa Bonaparte ? Grand Duchess of Tuscany
Caroline Bonaparte ? Queen of Naples
Slide 30 : Napoléon Invades Russia: 1812 614,000 French troops
Slide 31 : Moscow on Fire!
Slide 32 : Napoléon & His Grand Arméeat the Gates of Moscow
Slide 33 : Russian General Kutuzov The Russian army defeated the French at Borodino.
Slide 34 : Napoléon’s Retreat from Moscow (Early 1813) 100,000 French troops retreat—40,000 survive!
Slide 35 : The 6th Coalition ? Britain, Russia. Spain, Portugal, Prussia, Austria, Sweden, smaller German states France ? 1813-1814: Napoléon’sDefeat
Slide 36 : Battle of Dresden (Aug., 26-27, 1813) Coalition ? Russians, Prussians, Austrians.
Napoléon’s forces regrouped with Polish reinforcements.
100,000 coalition casualties; 30,000 French casualties.
French victory.
Slide 37 : Napoléon’s Defeat at Leipzig(October 16-17, 1813) “Battle of the Nations” Memorial
Slide 38 : Napoléon Abdicates! Allied forces occupied Paris on March 31, 1814.
Napoléon abdicated on April 6 in favor of his son, but the Allies insisted on unconditional surrender.
Napoléon abdicated again on April 11.
Treaty of Fontainbleau ? exiles Napoléon to Elba with an annual income of 2,000,000 francs.
The royalists took control and restored Louis XVIII to the throne.
Slide 39 : Napoléon in Exile on Elba
Slide 40 : Louis XVIII (r. 1814-1824)
Slide 41 : “The War of the 7th Coalition” ? Britain, Russia. Prussia, Austria, Sweden, smaller German states France ? 1815: Napoleon’s“100 Days” Napoléon escaped Elba and landed in France on March 1, 1815 ? the beginning of his 100 Days.
Marie Louise & his son were in the hands of the Austrians.
Slide 42 : The Congress of Vienna(September 1, 1814 – June 9, 1815) It’s job was to undo everything that Napoléon had done:
Reduce France to its old boundaries ? her frontiers were pushed back to 1790 level.
Restore as many of the old monarchies as possible that had lost their thrones during the Napoléonic era.
Supported the resolution: There is always an alternative to conflict.
Slide 43 : Key Players at Vienna The “Host”Prince Klemens von Metternich (Aus.) Foreign Minister, Viscount Castlereagh (Br.) Tsar Alexander I (Rus.) King Frederick William III (Prus.) Foreign Minister, Charles Mauricede Tallyrand (Fr.)
Slide 44 : Key Principles Established at Vienna Balance of Power
Legitimacy
Compensation Coalition forces would occupy France for 3-5 years.
France would have to pay an indemnity of 700,000,000 francs.
Slide 45 : Napoléon’s Defeat at Waterloo(June 18, 1815) Duke of Wellington Prus. General Blücher
Slide 46 : Napoléon on His Way to HisFinal Exile onSt. Helena
Slide 47 : France was deprived of all territory conquered by Napoléon.
Russia was given most of Duchy of Warsaw (Poland).
Prussia was given half of Saxony, parts of Poland, and other German territories.
A Germanic Confederation of 39 states (including Prussia) was created from the previous 300, under Austrian rule.
Austria was given back territory it had lost recently, plus more in Germany and Italy.
The House of Orange was given the Dutch Republic and the Austrian Netherlands to rule. Changes Made at Vienna (1)
Slide 48 : Changes Made at Vienna (2) Norway and Sweden were joined.
The neutrality of Switzerland was guaranteed.
Hanover was enlarged, and made a kingdom.
Britain was given Cape Colony, South Africa, and various other colonies in Africa and Asia.
Sardinia was given Piedmont, Nice, Savoy, and Genoa.
The Bourbon Ferdinand I was restored in the Two Sicilies.
The Duchy of Parma was given to Marie Louise.
The slave trade was condemned (at British urging).
Freedom of navigation was guaranteed for many rivers.
Slide 49 : Europe After the Congress of Vienna
Slide 50 : Napoléon’s Tomb
Slide 51 : What is Napoléon’s Legacy?