Wine Basics 3

Wine & Beverage : Wine & Beverage Wine Production, Appellation Identification and Segmentation Objectives: Identify major wine consumption and production areas Define ranking system for wine Identify wine making segments and appellations Define and identify major wine regions areas SEC 3 3-1 Instructor: Anthony R. McPhee; CHE, FMP Date:_____________

Major Consumption and Production Areas of Wine: : Major Consumption and Production Areas of Wine: http://www.wineinstitute.org/resources/worldstatistics/article127 3-2 FRANCE ITALY UNITED STATES ITALY FRANCE SPAIN

Wine Making Segmentation: : Wine Making Segmentation: Focus on tradition and the terroir. Wines tend to be more earthier, more tanny and more minerally. The majority label their wines by appellations and/or regions. Focus on science and the terroir. Wines tend to be more fruitier, less tanny and creamier. The majority label their wines by varietal. Old School Wine Makers New School Wine Makers No matter what appellation that the wine comes from, they are usually identified by geography and/or varietal base. 3-3

Appellations: : Appellations: Appellations also define, regulate and protect wines, spirits, and certain foods.  Any country that produces wine has its own viticulture body to determine the designated appellation/s and governing rules. The Appellation can regulate: What can be grown. How much can be grown. How much alcohol content. How big the region can be. What percentage of the grape used. Some appellations even have a grading (ranking) system to distinguish their wines qualities. 3-4

Grading Systems for Wines: : Grading Systems for Wines: French Grading System: (Highest to lowest ranking) Appellation d’Origine Controlee – the highest grade regulates grape varieties and winemaking methods. Vins de Pays– country wine that carries with it a specific region. Vin de Table – a lower quality wine that carries with it only the producer and the designation. Italian Grading System: (Highest to lowest ranking) Denominazione di Origine Controllata e Garantita – regulated and gaurantees place name on the label. Denominazione di Origine Controllata – regulated by place name. Indicazione di Geograifica Tipica or Vino da Tavola- wines with a geographic indication. 3-5

Grading Systems for Wines: : German (QMP)-Grading System: (Lowest to highest ripessness) 1. Kabinett (ka-be-net) -Dry, light wine made of ripe grapes. 2. Spatlese (Shpat-lay-seh) - Dry or sweet wine made with really ripe grapes. 3. Auslese (Ouse-lay-seh) - Sweet wines made of really-really ripe grapes. 4. Beerenauslese (Beer-en-ouse-ley-seh)- A rich sweet dessert wine made of overripe 5. Trockenbeerenauslese (Trohken-beer-enouse-lay-she)- Overripe and dried on the vine, similar to raisins. 7. Eiswien (Ice-vine) - Pressed while frozen with a high concentration of fruitiness and sweetness. Spaniard Grading System: (Highest to lowest ranking) Denominaciones de Origen Calificado: a higher ranking system for wines. Denominacion de Origen: Used only in the specified region. Vino de la Tierra: country wine with a lower quality that carries only the producer and the designation that it is from Spain. 3-6 Grading Systems for Wines:

Grading System for Wines: : Grading System for Wines: American Viticultural Areas (AVA) are regions in the United States that have been recognized by the (TTB) for a distinctive combination of soil and climate which in turn contribute to identifiable regional wine characteristics. Examples: Sonoma Valley, CA Monterey, CA Shawnee Hills, IL The AVA’s require: Local or national recognition. Legitimate boundaries. A certain percentage of the grape to be used. Suitable growing conditions The government may set Standards of Identity for the wine, but there are no regulations on grading and quality levels of the wine; the AVA itself indicates quality. 3-7

The 4 Old School Wine Makers: : The 4 Old School Wine Makers: French Wine Region/s Loire (la-whar) Valley Champagne (sham-payne) Rhone (rh-own) Alsace (al-sah-ss) Bordeaux (borh-dhoe) - Medoc (meh-duck) - Sauternes (sau-turn) Burgundy or Bourgogne (bur-guh-nyeh) - Beaujolais (buh-jhoe-lay) - Chablis (shab-lee) Italian Wine Region/s Piedmont (peed-mont) Tuscany (tus-keny) - Chianti (khe-on-tee) Veneto (vhe-ne-tho) Tretino-Alto Adige 3-8

Old School Wine Makers: : Old School Wine Makers: German Wine Region/s: Mosel-Saar-Ruwer (mozel-zar-roo-ver) Rheingau (ryne-gow) Rheinhessen (ryne-hes-ehn) Spaniard Wine Region/s: Rioja (rhe-o-ha) Priorato (pahdee-o-rah-toe) Ribero del Duero (ree-bearah-dell-dwair-oh) Penedes (pen-ne-des) 3-9

New School Wine Regions: : New School Wine Regions: Canada: regulation is not mandatory, but regulatory body, Vintner's Quality Alliance (VQA) system is similar to France. Chile: Casablanca, Aconcagua, Limari Argentina: Mendoza, San Jaun, La Rioja, Catamarca, Rio Nergo Africa (South): Constantia, Stellenbosch, Paarl Australia: Barossa Valley, Clare Valley, McLaren Vale New Zealand: Marlborough United States: Major regions are California, Oregon and Washington 3-10

New School Wine Regions: : New School Wine Regions: California Wine Region/s: North Coast -Napa -Sonoma Central Coast South Coast Central Valley Sierra Foot Hills Oregon Wine Region/s: *Colombia Rogue Valley Umpagua Willamette *Walla Walla Washington Wine Region/s: *Colombia Puget Sound Yakima Red Mountain *Walla Walla 3-11 * Regions overlap

You Should Know: : You Should Know: The top 3 areas that consume and produce the most wine. The basic ranking system for wines. The wine making segments. The major wine regions. 3-12