Communicating over the Network : Communicating over the Network Network Fundamentals – Chapter 2
Objectives : Objectives Describe the structure of a network, including the devices and media that are necessary for successful communications.
Explain the function of protocols in network communications.
Explain the advantages of using a layered model to describe network functionality.
Describe the role of each layer in two recognized network models: The TCP/IP model and the OSI model.
Describe the importance of addressing and naming schemes in network communications.
Key Terms : Key Terms TCP/IP Model
OSI Model
Encapsulation
Protocol Data Units (PDU’s)
Encoding
Physical Addressing
Logical Addressing
Define the Elements of Communication : Define the Elements of Communication 3 common elements of communication
message source
the channel
message destination
Define a network
data or information networks capable of carrying many different types of communications
How are Message Communicated : How are Message Communicated Data is sent across a network in small “chunks” called segments Ex: Time Division Multiplexing Note: term segmentation has several meanings
Components of Network Structure : Components of Network Structure Hardware
Software
End Device Roles in the Network : End Device Roles in the Network Role of end devices:
client
server
both client and server
Network Intermediary Devices : Network Intermediary Devices Identify the role of an intermediary device in a data network and be able to contrast that role with the role of an end device
Provides connectivity and ensures data flows across network
Some error reporting and reconfig of link failures
Aggregates connections to a network (switch, access point)
Provides path determination (routers)
Security based onpermits and denies
Network Media : Network Media Identify media and criteria for making a network media choice
Network media: channel over which a message travels
Network Types : Network Types Define Local Area Networks (LANs)
- A network serving a home, building or campus is considered a Local Area Network (LAN) Geographic Proximity
Centralized Admin
Fast Links
Network Types : Network Types Define Wide Area Networks (WANs)
- LANs separated by geographic distance are connected by a network known as a Wide Area Network (WAN) Geographic Distance
De-centralized Admin
Slow Links
Network Types : Network Types Ultimate network: the Internet
The internet is defined as a global mesh of interconnected networks
Network Device/Media Icons : Network Device/Media Icons
Protocol Suites and Industry Standards : Protocol Suites and Industry Standards A standard is:
a process or protocol that has been endorsed by the networking industry and ratified by a standards organization
Function of Protocol in Network Communication : Function of Protocol in Network Communication Explain network protocols
Network protocols are used
to allow devices to
communicate
successfully
Function of Protocol in Network Communication : Function of Protocol in Network Communication Define different protocols and how they interact
Technology Independent Protocols : Technology Independent Protocols Many diverse types of devices can communicate using the same sets of protocols. This is because protocols specify network functionality, not the underlying technology to support this functionality.
Benefits of Layered Networking Models : Benefits of Layered Networking Models Benefits include
assists in protocol design
fosters competition
changes in one layer do not affect other layers
provides a common language
TCP/IP Model : TCP/IP Model
Communication Between Layers : Communication Between Layers
The OSI Model : The OSI Model All
People
Some
Times
Need
Data
Processing All
People
Some
Times
Need
Data
Processing Away
Pizzas
Sausage
Throw
Not
Do
Please
(start here)
Encapsulation and Protocol Data Units : Encapsulation and Protocol Data Units Data must be organized in a logical order to make sense on the network.
Question: How do we organize speech?
Different OSI layers require additional or appended information.
Question: How do weorganize a book contents?
Encapsulation Steps – Top Down : Encapsulation Steps – Top Down
Another View of Protocol Encapsulation : Another View of Protocol Encapsulation
Comparing the TCP/IP and OSI Model : Comparing the TCP/IP and OSI Model
Addressing and Naming Schemes : Addressing and Naming Schemes Explain how labels in encapsulation headers are used to manage communication in data networks
Addressing and Naming Schemes : Addressing and Naming Schemes Describe examples of Ethernet MAC Addresses, IP Addresses, and TCP/UDP Port numbers
Addressing and Naming Schemes : Addressing and Naming Schemes Explain how labels in encapsulation headers are used to manage communication in data networks
Addressing and Naming Schemes : Addressing and Naming Schemes Ports are used at the Transport Layer
Identifies the source and destination processes for data communication
Summary : Summary
Chapter 2 Labs : Chapter 2 Labs Using Wireshark to view protocol data units
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