Slide1 : BLOOD VESSELS AND CIRCULATION
The Distribution of Blood : The Distribution of Blood
Slide3 : THE ANATOMY OF BLOOD VESSELS LAYERS:
Tunica interna (intima):
Tunica media:
Tunica externa (adventitia):
Comparison of Veins and Arteries : Comparison of Veins and Arteries ARTERIES VEINS
Histological Structure of Blood Vessels : Histological Structure of Blood Vessels
Slide6 :
Slide7 : Diameter of the vessel Cross sectional area Velocity of blood Average blood pressure
Blood pressures and the vascular system Arterial Pressure- Venous Pressure- : Blood pressures and the vascular system Arterial Pressure- Venous Pressure-
Pulse and Mean Arterial Pressures : Pulse and Mean Arterial Pressures
Slide10 : VASCULAR DISTENSIBILTY
VASCULAR COMPLIANCE
LAWS OF BLOOD FLOW : LAWS OF BLOOD FLOW Ohms Law
Poiseuille’s Law
Fourth Power Law
POISEUILLE’S LAW : POISEUILLE’S LAW Q = π P r 4
8ήL
Blood Pressure: Generated by Ventricular Contraction : Blood Pressure: Generated by Ventricular Contraction
Blood Pressure (BP): Measurements : Blood Pressure (BP): Measurements "Blood pressure"
Systolic over diastolic
About 120/80 mmHg
Sphygmomanometer
"Estimate of pressure"
Korotkoff sounds
Blood Pressure (BP): Measurements : Blood Pressure (BP): Measurements
Pulse and Mean Arterial Pressures : Pulse pressure = Systolic–Diastolic
Mean arterial pressure (MAP) = Diastolic + 1/3 pulse pressure Pulse and Mean Arterial Pressures
Cardiovascular Physiology : Cardiovascular Physiology PRESSURES
Blood pressure
Hydrostatic pressure
Venous pressure
Cardiovascular Physiology : Cardiovascular Physiology Resistance (total peripheral resistance)
Vascular resistance
Viscosity
turbulence
Slide19 :
Slide20 : VASOMOTION
and
VASOMOTOR TONE
ARTERIOLES : ARTERIOLES ARTERIOLES ARTERIOLES
ARTERIOLES : ARTERIOLES Resistance vessels
Control the total blood flow through the tissues
Can change their dia as per need of the tissue
By changing the dia total peripheral resistance is affected
REGULATION OF LOCAL BLOOD FLOW : REGULATION OF LOCAL BLOOD FLOW CONTROL OF LOCAL BLOOD FLOW
CONTROL OF TOTAL PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE
CONTROL OF VESSEL DIAMETER
CONTROL OF CARDIAC OUTPUT
REGULATION OF LOCAL BLOOD FLOW : REGULATION OF LOCAL BLOOD FLOW Intrinsic
Local factors controlling their own blood flow
Extrinsic
Humoral (Blood borne)
Nervous
EXTRINSIC CONTROL OF BLOOD FLOW : EXTRINSIC CONTROL OF BLOOD FLOW Nervous
Via para vertebral chain
Via vasomotors centres present in lower pons and upper medulla
VASOMOTOR AREAS : VASOMOTOR AREAS
VASOMOTOR CONTROL BY HIGHER CENTRES : VASOMOTOR CONTROL BY HIGHER CENTRES
HUMORAL CONTROL OF BLOOD FLOW : HUMORAL CONTROL OF BLOOD FLOW Mediated by hormones that act in:
Autocrine
Paracrine; and,
Endocrine manner
Autocrine control : Autocrine control EDRF (NO) – Dilator
Endothelin – Constrictior
Paracrine control : Paracrine control Factors released from damaged tissues and platelets
Endocrine control : Endocrine control Vasopressin
Angiotensin
Epinephrine and nore-epinephrine
Local control of tissue blood flow (Autoregulation) : Local control of tissue blood flow (Autoregulation) Short term regulation
Myogenic mechanism
Vasodilator theory
Oxygen lack theory
Metabolic theory
E.g., Active and reactive hyperemia
Long term regulation
Collateral Circulation
Neovascularization (Angiogenesis)