CSIR UGC NET Life Sciences A question answering session

A question answering session : A question answering session Dr Subroto Biswas Dr Aman Biswas CSIR UGC NET Life Sciences

Book that you would look for from the authors….Dr Subroto Biswas and Dr Aman Biswas : Book that you would look for from the authors….Dr Subroto Biswas and Dr Aman Biswas

Hit at … http://bisbio.inorCall bisbio.in at 09814016083, 09855516083oremail … bisbioin@gmail.com or amanbiswas60@gmail.com : Hit at … http://bisbio.inorCall bisbio.in at 09814016083, 09855516083oremail … bisbioin@gmail.com or amanbiswas60@gmail.com For all your Biology Problems UGC/CSIR NET Life Sciences PMT SAT Advance Program Civil Services Entrance to Biotechnology and Post graduate Sciences

1. The Kreb’s cycle in humans occurs in which of the following? : 1. The Kreb’s cycle in humans occurs in which of the following? a. Intermembrane phase b. Inner mitochondrial membrane c. Outer mitochondrial membrane d. Cytoplasm e. Mitochondrial matrix

1. The Kreb’s cycle in humans occurs in which of the following? : 1. The Kreb’s cycle in humans occurs in which of the following? a. Intermembrane phase b. Inner mitochondrial membrane c. Outer mitochondrial membrane d. Cytoplasm e. Mitochondrial matrix

2. Bacteria that require ………. for respiration are called …………… : 2. Bacteria that require ………. for respiration are called …………… a. Food – Obligate saprophytes b. Hydrogen – Archaebacteria c. Food – Endospores d. Oxygen – Obligate anaerobes e. Oxygen – Obligate aerobes

*3. Which of the following statements regarding alleles is incorrect ? : *3. Which of the following statements regarding alleles is incorrect ? a. A gene can have more than one allele. b. Two identical alleles are said to be heterozygous with respect to that gene. c. Alleles are found on corresponding loci of homologous chromosomes. d. Alleles are alternative forms of the same gene. e. One allele can be dominant and the other can be recessive.

4. The following recombination frequencies were found for genes on a chromosome   b – d = 36%  b – c = 8%  a – b = 22%   a – d = 14% Determine the relative positions of these genes on the chromosome : 4. The following recombination frequencies were found for genes on a chromosome   b – d = 36%  b – c = 8%  a – b = 22%   a – d = 14% Determine the relative positions of these genes on the chromosome a. b – c – a – d b. c – b – d – a c. a – b – c – d d. a – c – d – b

Let us draw and try it……… : Let us draw and try it……… b c d 36 b b a 22 d a 14 8 c a. b – c – a – d b. c – b – d – a c. a – b – c – d d. a – c – d – b

5. Which of the following structures or materials is incorrectly paired with a tissue? : 5. Which of the following structures or materials is incorrectly paired with a tissue? a. Haversisan system – Bone b. Platelets – Blood c. Fibroblasts – Skeletal muscle d. Chondrin – Cartilage e. Basement membrane –Epithelium

6. Which of the following is the most important characteristic for classifying viruses? : 6. Which of the following is the most important characteristic for classifying viruses? a. Host preference b. Morphology c. Physical make up of the virus d. Chemical make up of the virus e. Genetic relatedness

7. In a typical cell cycle, cytokinesis generally overlaps in time with which cell stage? : 7. In a typical cell cycle, cytokinesis generally overlaps in time with which cell stage? a. Anaphase b. Prophase c. Telophase d. S phase e. Metaphase

8. What is the mode of inheritance in the following pedigree : 8. What is the mode of inheritance in the following pedigree a. Autosomal dominant b. Autosomal recessive c. X-linked recessive d. X-linked dominant e. Y-linked

Slide 18 : The pictures projected here on this free session belong to the beholder on the internet. We thank them This presentation is brought to you by ….. Bisbio.in

9. According to the punctuated equilibrium theory……….. : 9. According to the punctuated equilibrium theory……….. a. natural selection is unimportant as a mechanism of evolution. b. given enough time, most existing species will branch gradually into new species. c. a new species accumulates most of its unique features as it comes into existence and changes little for the rest of its duration as a species. d. most evolution is anagenic. e. speciation is usually sudden.

The "punctuated equilibrium" theory of Niles Eldredge and Stephen Jay Gould : The "punctuated equilibrium" theory of Niles Eldredge and Stephen Jay Gould Proposed as a criticism of the traditional Darwinian theory of evolution. Eldredge and Gould observed …….. Evolution tends to happen in fits and starts Sometimes moving very fast, sometimes moving very slowly or not at all.

Slide 21 : On the other hand, typical variations tend to be small. Therefore, Darwin saw evolution as a slow, continuous process, without sudden jumps. However, if you study the fossils of organisms found in subsequent geological layers, you will see long intervals in which nothing changed ("equilibrium"), "punctuated" by short, revolutionary transitions, in which species became extinct and replaced by wholly new forms

Slide 22 : Instead of a slow, continous progression, the evolution of life on Earth seems more like the life of a soldier Long periods of boredom Interrupted by rare moments of terror.

9. According to the punctuated equilibrium theory……….. : 9. According to the punctuated equilibrium theory……….. a. natural selection is unimportant as a mechanism of evolution. b. given enough time, most existing species will branch gradually into new species. c. a new species accumulates most of its unique features as it comes into existence and changes little for the rest of its duration as a species. d. most evolution is anagenic. e. speciation is usually sudden.

10. Which of the following organisms is incorrectly paired with its trophic level ? : 10. Which of the following organisms is incorrectly paired with its trophic level ? Zooplankton – Secondary consumer Grasshopper – Primary consumer c. Fungi – Detritivore d. Eagle – Tertiary consumer e. Cyanobacteria – Primary producer

10. Which of the following organisms is incorrectly paired with its trophic level ? : 10. Which of the following organisms is incorrectly paired with its trophic level ? Zooplankton – Secondary consumer Grasshopper – Primary consumer c. Fungi – Detritivore d. Eagle – Tertiary consumer e. Cyanobacteria – Primary producer

11. John wants to test fertilizers to determine which is most effective in growing tall tomato plants. He tests 4 different fertilizers (one per plant, equal amounts of fertilizer) on separate plants. Containers, soil, water, sunlight are all the same for each plant. Each day, he measures and records the height of the plants. After 6 weeks, he finds that fertilizer B is most effective. What is the dependent variable in this experiment ? : 11. John wants to test fertilizers to determine which is most effective in growing tall tomato plants. He tests 4 different fertilizers (one per plant, equal amounts of fertilizer) on separate plants. Containers, soil, water, sunlight are all the same for each plant. Each day, he measures and records the height of the plants. After 6 weeks, he finds that fertilizer B is most effective. What is the dependent variable in this experiment ? a. Type of plants used b. Type of fertilizer used c. Type of soil used d. Amount of fertilizer used e. Height of the plants

Fertilizer A : Fertilizer A Fertilizer B Fertilizer C Fertilizer D a. Type of plants used b. Type of fertilizer used c. Type of soil used d. Amount of fertilizer used e. Height of the plants What is the dependent variable in this experiment ?

12. Which of the following plant hormones is incorrectly paired with its function? : 12. Which of the following plant hormones is incorrectly paired with its function? a. Auxin – promotes stem growth through cell elongation b. Gibberellin – stimulates seed and bud germination c. Abscibic acid – promotes seed and bud dormancy d. Ethylene – inhibits cell elongation e. Cytokinin – initiates senescence

Richmond Lang’s Effect : Richmond Lang’s Effect Zeatin (Z), which was first isolated from maize (Zea mays) is the most common cytokinin. Cytokinin activity such as benzyl adenine(BA)was most effective in delaying plant senescense (death & ageing). It concluded that plant tissue death was reduced by about half. The exact mechanism by which this occurs is unclear but likely involves the ability of cytokinins to mobilize nutrients.

11. Under normal conditions, when the concentration of glucose in the blood drops below a certain level, stored glucose will re-enter the blood until the original concentration is reached again. This regulation of the concentration of glucose levels in the blood is part of the process known as…………….. : 11. Under normal conditions, when the concentration of glucose in the blood drops below a certain level, stored glucose will re-enter the blood until the original concentration is reached again. This regulation of the concentration of glucose levels in the blood is part of the process known as…………….. a. synthesis b. respiration c. pinocytosis d. homeostasis e. osmotic reduction

12. Which of the following symbiotic relationships is demonstrated by the example of heartworms in dogs ? : 12. Which of the following symbiotic relationships is demonstrated by the example of heartworms in dogs ? a. Mutualism b. Commensalism c. Parasitism d. Mimicry e. No symbiotic relationship is present

13. Which statement about enzymes not correct ? : 13. Which statement about enzymes not correct ? a. Enzymes are composed of polypeptide chains. b. Enzymes are destroyed when they are used and must be synthesized for each reaction. c. Enzymes form a temporary association with a reactant. d. Enzymes are specific because of their shape and catalyze only certain reactions.

14. Name the molecule with three fatty acids covalently bonded to glycerol : 14. Name the molecule with three fatty acids covalently bonded to glycerol a. Glycogen b. Triglyceride c. Cellulose d. Protein e. Nucleic Acid

15. Of the four diagnostic features of chordates, all of them are present at some stage of the life cycle. Which feature on the list below is not one of these primary features? : 15. Of the four diagnostic features of chordates, all of them are present at some stage of the life cycle. Which feature on the list below is not one of these primary features? a. Notochord b. Cerebral cortex c. Dorsal nerve cord d. Pharyngeal gill pouches e. Post-anal tail

16. Which of the following is water pollution related disorder in India? : 16. Which of the following is water pollution related disorder in India? Silicosis Pneumonicosis Fluorosis Leprosy

Slide 39 : Flourosis is caused by air pollution in China and water pollution in India Water of deep bore wells are rich in flouride

Slide 40 : Silicosis is called Grinders disease Ramazzini called it a respiratory disease It is also called Pneumonoultramicroscopicsilicovolcanoconiosis ….the longest word in English dictionary with 45 letters

Fluorine causes fluorosis that also affects bone and joints : Fluorine causes fluorosis that also affects bone and joints

17. The Z-scheme refers to……. : 17. The Z-scheme refers to……. a. the type of photosynthesis used in plants found in areas with minimal precipitation. b. the pattern of grana within the chloroplasts of photosynthetic plants. c. the carbon-fixation process also known as the Calvin cycle. d. direction/pattern of energy flow through the mitochondrial matrix during the Kreb’s cycle. e. an energy diagram for the transfer of electrons in the light reactions of photosynthesis in plants.

18. The small gaps found in the myelin sheath between successive glial cells along nerve axons are called ________ : 18. The small gaps found in the myelin sheath between successive glial cells along nerve axons are called ________ Islets of Langerhans Salutatory conduction sites c. Gated ion channels d. Presynaptic gaps e. Nodes of Ranvier

19. In the phylum Porifera, _____ are responsible for generating currents to help maintain circulation of seawater through the organism, capture small food particles, and capture incoming sperm for fertilization. : 19. In the phylum Porifera, _____ are responsible for generating currents to help maintain circulation of seawater through the organism, capture small food particles, and capture incoming sperm for fertilization. a. Spongocoel b. Spicules c. Choanocytes d. Gemmules e. Ostia

20. Which of the following fungi are known to reproduce only by asexual means? : 20. Which of the following fungi are known to reproduce only by asexual means? a. Deuteromycotes b. Ascomycotes c. Basidiomycotes d. Zygomycotes e. Trichomycetes

23. Which of the following organelles is common to plant and animal cells? : 23. Which of the following organelles is common to plant and animal cells? a. Chloroplasts b. Wall made of cellulose c. Tonoplast d. Mitochondria e. Centrioles

24. The base sequence of the gene coding for a short polypeptide is 3'-TGGGTAGCGAGTAAG-5'. Using the information from the chart below, what would the resulting amino acid sequence of the polypeptide formed be? : 24. The base sequence of the gene coding for a short polypeptide is 3'-TGGGTAGCGAGTAAG-5'. Using the information from the chart below, what would the resulting amino acid sequence of the polypeptide formed be? a. Thr – His – Arg – Ser – Phe b. Trp – Val – Ala – Ser – Lys c. Glu – His – Ala – Phe – Met d. Met – Val – Thr – Arg – Cys e. Arg – Cys – Lys – Val - Ser

25. One of these families have been extensively used in phytoremediation : 25. One of these families have been extensively used in phytoremediation A. Malvaceae B. Anonaceae C. Brassicaceae D. Poaceae

Phytoremediation The use of living green plants for in situ risk reduction and/or removal of contaminants from contaminated soil, water, sediments, and air. : Phytoremediation The use of living green plants for in situ risk reduction and/or removal of contaminants from contaminated soil, water, sediments, and air.

25. One of these families have been extensively used in phytoremediation : 25. One of these families have been extensively used in phytoremediation A. Malvaceae B. Anonaceae C. Brassicaceae D. Poaceae

26. Name the defective gene responsible for amyotropic lateral sclerosis : 26. Name the defective gene responsible for amyotropic lateral sclerosis A. P53 B. SOD 1 C TGF D. Rb

Amyotropic lateral sclerosis : Amyotropic lateral sclerosis Mutations in the gene that produces the Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase (SOD1) enzyme were associated with some cases (approximately 20%) of familial ALS. This enzyme is a powerful antioxidant that protects the body from damage caused by superoxide, a toxic free radical. Free radicals ,highly reactive molecules produced by cells can cause damage to DNA and proteins within cells. Although it is not yet clear how the SOD1 gene mutation leads to motor neuron degeneration, researchers have theorized that an accumulation of free radicals may result from the faulty functioning of this gene.

27. Can you name the first successful vaccine against cancer that has been developed ? : 27. Can you name the first successful vaccine against cancer that has been developed ? A. Breast cancer B. Oral cancer C. Cervical cancer D. Colon cancer

Against human papilloma virus : Against human papilloma virus A vaccine that prevents infections known to cause cervical cancer could be available to women within three years, UK experts believe. By guarding against human papilloma virus, it could save thousands of lives and may end the need for smears tests. The vaccine would be given to girls before they are sexually active. Trials have shown a jab can offer 100% protection against strains of HPV linked to about 70% of cervical cancers.

27. One of them is not involved in the defense signalling pathway in plants. : 27. One of them is not involved in the defense signalling pathway in plants. A. Salisylic acid B. Gibberlic acid C. Ethylene D. Jasmonic acid

Salicylic acid : Salicylic acid A compound that is chemically similar to the active aspirin. A phenolic phytohormone involved in endogenous signaling, mediating in plant defense against pathogens. It plays a role in the resistance to pathogens by inducing the production of pathogenesis-related proteins. The signal can also move to nearby plants by salicyclic acid being converted to the volatile ester, methyl salicylate as with the lack of use of a broad spectrum sunblock.

Jasmonic acid : Jasmonic acid Many plants developed defense systems against damaging agents. Protection against insects feeding on leaves or other parts of plants may involve not only direct chemical warfare, but also employ the assistence of other insects parsitizing in the leaf eaters. To achieve this, the plants release volatile substances to call the attention of the parasitizing insects. The induction of the synthesis of the insect attractants is a multistep biochemical chain involving jasmonic acid. The induction is initiated by damage to the plant's tissue by biting insects

28. Which of the following promotes softening of fruits? : 28. Which of the following promotes softening of fruits? (a) Polygalacturonase (b) Colchicine (c) Polyethylene glycol Cellulase (e) Brazzein

Slide 63 : Brazzein is a sweet-tasting protein Extracted from the West African fruit of the climbing plant Pentadiplandra brazzeana . Like the other natural sweet-proteins such as monellin and thaumatin, it is highly sweet Polygalacturonase enzyme is produced by recombinant DNA techniques and may be used for degradation of plant cell walls, for instance in the wine and juice production.

29. The common name of traveller's palm is : 29. The common name of traveller's palm is a) Strelitzia reginae b) Musa paradisiaca c) Musa textilis d) Ravenala medagascariensis

Ravenala medagascariensis : Ravenala medagascariensis Given the name "traveller's palm" Because the sheaths of the stems hold rainwater, which can be used as an emergency drinking supply. The enormous paddle-shaped leaves are borne on long petioles, in a distinctive fan shape aligned in a single plane.

30. In rabbits, the allele for brown eyes is dominant to the allele for blue eyes, and the allele for short hair is dominant to the allele for long hair. If a diheterozygous males is crossed with a blue eyed heterozygous long haired female, what proportion of the F1 generation from this cross would be expected to exhibit brown eyes with short hair? : 30. In rabbits, the allele for brown eyes is dominant to the allele for blue eyes, and the allele for short hair is dominant to the allele for long hair. If a diheterozygous males is crossed with a blue eyed heterozygous long haired female, what proportion of the F1 generation from this cross would be expected to exhibit brown eyes with short hair? a. 9/16 b. 5/16 c. 1/2 d. 3/8 e. 1/8

Slide 67 : Phenotype Brown eyes, short haired x Blue eyes, short haired Genotype Bb Ss bb Ss Gametes BS Bs bS bs bs bS What are the genotypes and phenotypes of the offspring and in what ratio ? BbSS BbSs BbSs

21. In rabbits, the allele for brown eyes is dominant to the allele for blue eyes, and the allele for short hair is dominant to the allele for long hair. If a diheterozygous males is crossed with a blue eyed heterozygous long haired female, what proportion of the F1 generation from this cross would be expected to exhibit brown eyes with short hair? : 21. In rabbits, the allele for brown eyes is dominant to the allele for blue eyes, and the allele for short hair is dominant to the allele for long hair. If a diheterozygous males is crossed with a blue eyed heterozygous long haired female, what proportion of the F1 generation from this cross would be expected to exhibit brown eyes with short hair? a. 9/16 b. 5/16 c. 1/2 d. 3/8 e. 1/8

Slide 69 : The End