Slide 1 : The Amazing World of plants - 1 Dr. Aman Biswas
Hit at … http://bisbio.inorCall bisbio.in at 09814016083, 09855516083oremail … bisbioin@gmail.com or amanbiswas60@gmail.com : Hit at … http://bisbio.inorCall bisbio.in at 09814016083, 09855516083oremail … bisbioin@gmail.com or amanbiswas60@gmail.com For all your
Biology Problems
UGC/ CSIR NET Life Sciences
PMT
SAT
Advance Program
Civil Services
Entrance to Biotechnology and Post graduate Sciences
Plants have been key to discoveries… : Plants have been key to discoveries… Medicinal Treasures
Aerial Routes : Aerial Routes
Slide 5 :
Hygrometer : Hygrometer Erodium…Strok’s bill
A natural Compass ? : A natural Compass ?
Harpoon : Harpoon
Anchor : Anchor
Rolls of paper : Rolls of paper
Brazalien Caoutchouc : Brazalien Caoutchouc
Plants do have Defense system!! : Plants do have Defense system!! Secondary Metabolites
No role in assimilation, Growth and development
Are Ecological Tools of plants Ward Off microbes
Deter Herbivory
Attract Pollinators
Are Fruit Dispersal agents
Keep plants young…
Secondary Metabolites : Secondary Metabolites Terpenoids
Glycosides
Glucosinolates
Phenolics
Flavonoids
Alkaloid Found in the particular tissues and specific stages of development
All of them are Toxic
Slide 14 : Terpenes are derived biosynthetically from units of isoprene, which has the molecular formula C5H8.
The basic molecular formulas of terpenes are multiples of it, (C5H8)n where n is the number of linked isoprene units.
This is called the isoprene rule or the C5 rule.
The isoprene units may be linked together "head to tail" to form linear chains or they may can be arranged to form rings.
Largest and Most Diverse class of Organic Compounds : Largest and Most Diverse class of Organic Compounds Lipophilic substances derived from a simple five-carbon unit
Many terpenoids and terpenoid derivatives may be considered primary metabolites.
The hormones abscisic acid and gibberellin, the carotenoid and chlorophyll pigments, and sterols (steroid alcohols), all play significant roles in plant growth and development.
Slide 16 : Hemiterpenes .. one isoprene unit
Monoterpenes .. two isoprene
Sesquiterpenes .. three isoprene units
Diterpenes .. four isoprene units
Sesterterpenes .. five isoprene units
Triterpenes .. six isoprene units
Tetraterpenes .. eight isoprene units
Polyterpenes .. > eight isoprene units TERPENOID Compounds
Hemiterpenes : Hemiterpenes Prenol
Naturally in citrus fruits
Grapes
Raspberry
Blackberry
Tomato
coffee
passion fruit.
Isovaleric acid : Isovaleric acid Found in
Valeriana used for insomnia
Geranium oil
Monoterpenes = C10H16 : Monoterpenes = C10H16 Geraniol .. Effective mosquito repellent
Can attract bees as it is produced by the scent glands of honeybees to help them mark nectar-bearing flowers and locate the entrances to their hives.
Also occurs in small quantities in Geranium, lemon and essential oils as of rose oil and citronella oil.
Slide 20 : Monoterpenoid esters are extracted from the flowers of Chrysanthemum cinerarifolium and related species.
The pyrethroids are neurotoxins that interfere with sodium channels in the insect nerve membrane.
Sequiterpenes= C15H24 : Sequiterpenes= C15H24 Farnesol released by aphids An alarm pheromone upon death to warn away other aphids
Several plants, including Solanum species, have been shown to synthesize this pheromone as a natural insect repellent
Diterpenes = C20H32 : Diterpenes = C20H32 Retinol
Phytol (chlorophyll tail)
Taxol (From Taxus baccata)= a mitotic inhibitor in cancer chemotherapy.
Paclitaxel is now used to treat patients with lung, ovarian, breast cancer, head and neck cancer, and advanced forms of Kaposi’s sarcoma.
Triterpenes= C30H48 : Triterpenes= C30H48 Squalene is a natural and vital part of the synthesis of cholesterol, steroid hormones, and vitamin D in the human body.
Found in Amaranth seed, rice bran, wheat germ and olives.
In shark liver oil