Slide 1 : Scopolerin, the most prevalent coumarin in higher plants, in seed coats.
A germination inhibitor that must be leached out of the seed coat before germination can proceed
Slide 2 : Protective cover
Slide 3 : Lignin itself is not readily digested by herbivores and, because it is covalently linked to cellulose and hemicellulose, its presence decreases the digestibility of these polymers as well.
Also, when fungal pathogens enter host cells, they do so by enzymatically degrading the host cell wall.
Several studies have shown that lignins and other phenolic derivatives accumulate at the site of fungal penetration, presumably slowing the rate of cell wall degradation.
Slide 4 : Tan Animal Hides
Slide 5 : The name tannins is derived from the historic practice of using plant extracts to "tan" animal hides, that is, to convert hides to leather.
These extracts contain phenol derivatives that bind to and thus denature, proteins.
They leave sharp unpleasant taste in mouth of herbivores.
Slide 6 : Natural Cork
Slide 7 : Suberin consists of polyaliphatic and polyaromatic parts.
The polyaromatics are predominantly located within the primary cell wall, and the polyaliphatics are located between the primary cell wall and plasmalemma.
The two parts are cross-linked.
These are a-hydroxyacids (aliphatics) and hydroxycinnamic acid (aromatics)
In addition to the aromatics and aliphatics components is glycerol.
Slide 8 : The Toxic family
Solanaceae There are about 10,000 alkaloids found in 20% of species of herbaceous dicots.
Toxic Glycoalkaloids Tropane alkaloids : Toxic Glycoalkaloids Tropane alkaloids Atropine is a tropane alkaloid extracted from deadly nightshade , jimsonweed , Mandrake and other plants of the family Solanaceae.
It is a secondary metabolite of these plants and serves as a hard drug with a wide variety of effects....
Slide 10 : Scopolamine, known by the names levo-duboisine and hyoscine, is a tropane alkaloid Medication with muscarinic antagonist effects.
It is obtained from plants of the family Solanaceae , such as henbane, jimson weed and Angel's Trumpets , and corkwood ....
Hyoscyamine : Hyoscyamine A chemical compound, a tropane alkaloid.
It is the levorotary isomer to atropine. It is a secondary metabolite found in certain plants of the Solanaceae family, including henbane, mandrake , jimsonweed , and deadly nightshade ....Pharmacologically, they are the most powerful known anticholinergics in existence, meaning they inhibit the neurological signals transmitted by the endogenous neurotransmitter
Hyoscyamine is taken via pill form : Hyoscyamine is taken via pill form Hyoscyamine is also found in mandrake.
Used to provide relief from many gastrointestinal disorders such as
Peptic ulcers
Irritable Bowel syndrome
Pancreatitis
Hyoscyamus niger(stinking nightshade or henbane) : Hyoscyamus niger(stinking nightshade or henbane) Famous as 'Witches Herb’
Henbane induces a sense of body suspension, 'as if the soul separates from the body and ‘erotic flight through the skies' which would account for the witches' subjective shape shifting experience and flight.
It used to be burnt in cattle shed to protect cattle from evil.
Slide 14 : In 1821 Brendes discovered alkaloid hyosciamine .
From then it has been used as a medicinal herb.
During the 60's when women were in labor they were rendered to oblivious and insensitive to pain with the drug Scopolamine, a main constituent of Henbane.
Slide 15 : A sedative and painkiller
All parts of the plant are toxic.
Impaired vision, convulsions, heart failure, respiratory failure, coma and death are symptoms of poisoning from Hyoscyamus niger.
Hyoscyamus niger : Hyoscyamus niger It flowers from June to August
Seeds ripen from August to September.
The flower emits a repulsive fish smell.
The leaves may act as mice repellent when scattered around the house.
Datura inoxia : Datura inoxia Thorn-apple, Downy Thorn-apple, Moonflower, Sacred Datura, Toloatzin, or Toloache is a species in the family Solanaceae.
It is native to the Americas, and introduced in Africa, Asia, Australia and Europe.
Slide 18 : Widely cultivated as ornamental plant
Distinctive thorny fruit
Every part of this garden plant is poisonous and is fatal if ingested.
The seeds are also hallucinogenic
Slide 19 : ZOMBIES
Slide 20 : Datura combined with the extremely potent extract of the puffer-fish poison (d-tubucucurine) was given to the criminal.
The effect of the brew was to stupefy the convict to the point of pseudo-coma and to numb his physical sensations.
In this state a person is unable to respond to any kind of stimulus, although they may well be consciously aware of them.
The Zombie-to-be was declared dead and placed into a coffin with an attached air-tube and a funeral ceremony was conducted.
After 3 days or so the coffin was retrieved from the ground and the Zombie was given another dose of Datura followed by an 'initiation into the after-life', in which he was brainwashed in accordance with the rules of the new order.
From that day on he was given regular doses of the Datura concoction to maintain the hypnotic state. The spirit of the victim was thus literally forced to get out and stay out of the body and the Zombie lost all sense of self or ego-identity.
Atropa : Atropa All parts of this plant contain toxic.
The young plants and seeds are especially poisonous, causing nausea, muscle twitches, paralysis; often fatal.
Deadly nightshade or belladonna is one of the most toxic plants found in the Western Hemisphere.
Children have been poisoned by eating as few as three berries.
Slide 22 : Ingestion of a leaf of the Belladonna can be fatal to an adult.
The root of the plant is generally the most toxic part.
Drops prepared from the belladonna plant were used to dilate women's pupils, an effect considered attractive.
Today it is known that the Atropine in belladonna acts as an antimuscarinic, blocking receptors in the muscles of the eye that constrict pupil size.
Viscum..Mistletoe : Viscum..Mistletoe Kissing under this plant is considered obligatory as it is entrusted to Goddess of love.
Contains glycoproteins, viscotoxins, flavonoids.
Viscotoxins are considered anticancerous
They lower blood pressure and heart rate, ease anxiety and induce sleep.
Juniper : Juniper Ancient plant to ward off plague
Rich in volatile diterpene oil, myrcene, sabinene, alpha-beta pinene are main compounds
Tonic, diuretic and strongly antiseptic within urinary tract.
Relieves fluid retention
Applied externally it relieves, arthritis and gout pain.
Allium sativum : Allium sativum Originated in Syberia
Considered to ward off evil spirits
All across globe.
Greeks regarded garlic as source of physical strength.