Ancyclostomasis : Ancyclostomasis
Slide 2 : Ancylostoma duodenale, commonly called old world hookworm is common in Europe, North Africa, South America and in Indian subcontinent.
It causes ancylostomiasis.
Nector americanus, commonly called the American hookworm or new world hookworm is most common species of India and Sri Lanka though it was first discovered in America.
Life cycle of a hookworm : Life cycle of a hookworm
Enterobius (Oxyuris) vermicularis : Enterobius (Oxyuris) vermicularis 2-12 mmin length (size of a small pin)
Monogenetic worm is called pin worm (also called thread worm or seatworm)
Resides in the caecum and vermiform appendix
World-wide distribution.
Infection is common among the childern causing enterobiasis or oxyuriasis.
Slide 5 : Would you like to see a Pinworm seen in colonoscopy ?
Slide 6 : Enterobius causes intense itching of the anus, inflammation of colon layers, nausea abdominal pain and diarrhoea.
Infection occurs by ingestion of egg through contaminated food and drink.
The characteristic diagnostic morphology is the presence of a cephalic expansion at their anterior end
Treatment includes antihelminthics like piperazine salts, thiabendazole and others.
Enterobius vermiculaeris, or pin worm is named so, looks like a pin with a pair of wing like expansions at the anterior end (in both sexes) : Enterobius vermiculaeris, or pin worm is named so, looks like a pin with a pair of wing like expansions at the anterior end (in both sexes)
Loa loa : Loa loa These worm cause loiasis,
Characterized by subcutaneous swelling (called calabar swelling)
Mostly around the eyes.
This is prevalent in Africa
Life cycle includes man and a fly, Chrysops.
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Wuchereria bancrofti : Wuchereria bancrofti Known as filarial worm,
Lives as an endoparasite in the lymph vessels and lymph glands of man.
The worms are viviparous
Females produce juvenile larva called microfilariae which lives in the deep blood vessels.
Wuchereria bancrofti : Wuchereria bancrofti They are picked up by mosquitoes like Culex, Aedess and Anopheles (intermediate hosts) at night from the peripheral blood
When the infected mosquito bites a human being, the microfilariae deposited on the skin, penetrates into and reaches the lymphatics and blood vessels.
Life cycle of filarial worm, Wuchereria bancrofti : Life cycle of filarial worm, Wuchereria bancrofti
Slide 14 : Approximately 120 million people are infected. 90% are caused by Wuchereria bancrofti. Almost 25 million men suffer from genital disease (most commonly hydrocoele); an estimated 15 million people have lymphoedema or elephantiasis of the leg.
Wuchereria bancrofti : Wuchereria bancrofti The young ones develop into adults which block the lymphatic system and cause wuchereriasis or elephantiasis or filariasis.
The life cycle completes in two hosts (man and mosquito) and hence it is digenetic.