Instituto Superior “San Bartolomé” Reaching Farther, Reaching Wider II : Instituto Superior “San Bartolomé” Reaching Farther, Reaching Wider II Faulty Reading Comprehension :
a reading problem or a language problem?
Verónica de la Encina , M.A.
Slide 2 : ACADEMIC TEXTS
have a certain degree of complexity
require reader’s prior Knowledge of the subject
present numerous quotations, technical vocabulary
combine argumentative, descriptive and narrative sequences
require an expert reader to reach their full understanding.
Faulty Reading Comprehension : a reading problem or a language problem? : Faulty Reading Comprehension : a reading problem or a language problem? Why is reading comprehension level so low? What are the causes of this phenomenon?
Slide 4 : 70s - 80s
theory of transference of information
reading = decoding late 80s - 90s
Educational Reform
reading = construction of meaning 2000
Sts aged 17-22 (2 models)
Faulty reading comprehension …a bit of history
Slide 5 : three hypotheses Linguistic threshold hypothesis.
Linguistic interdependence hypothesis.
Strategic approach to reading comprehension in L1 improves the implementation of reading comprehension strategies in the L2.
Slide 6 : Theoretical Framework
Slide 7 : Based on Understanding Reading Problems – Assessment and Instruction
Gillet,J.W – Temple C. (1990)
Faulty Reading Comprehension : a reading problem or a language problem? : Faulty Reading Comprehension : a reading problem or a language problem? a) Reading as a transfer of information
Faulty Reading Comprehension : a reading problem or a language problem? : Faulty Reading Comprehension : a reading problem or a language problem? b) Reading as an interactive process Kenneth Goodman
Reading is a process of language.
Readers are language users.
The concepts and methods may explain linguistic reading.
Nothing readers make is accidental; everything is the result of its interaction with the text.
Faulty Reading Comprehension : a reading problem or a language problem? : Faulty Reading Comprehension : a reading problem or a language problem? c)Reading as a transactional process
Louise Rosenblatt: “The meaning of this new text is greater than the sum of its parts in the reader’s brain or on the page”.
Faulty Reading Comprehension : a reading problem or a language problem? : Faulty Reading Comprehension : a reading problem or a language problem? Purposes for Reading. Based on Goodman, K. “Reading As Construction Of Meaning”
“the essential characteristics of the reading process are universal” Goodman,K. : “the essential characteristics of the reading process are universal” Goodman,K. Novice Reader Expert Reader
Slide 13 : Strategic Reading COGNITIVE STRATEGIES
flexible and goal-oriented.
can be considered as shortcuts or ways to process speech
human interactive actions performed in a situation of communication
targeted at a specific purpose: reading.
allow the reader to combine procedures
imply decision making processes. EXPERT READERS
discover the most suitable way to solve difficulties the text presents
Pearson, Roehler, Dole and Duffy (1992) identify expert or competent readers through the use of strategies: : Pearson, Roehler, Dole and Duffy (1992) identify expert or competent readers through the use of strategies: They use prior knowledge to assign meaning to new information
They monitor their reading process
They are able to make appropriate decisions to correct their mistakes in comprehension
They can differentiate what is important information from what is not
They are able to summarize
They make inferences
They ask questions on the text they are reading “the purpose of strategy instruction, which is to help learners become more active, more autonomous, more self-directed, and more discerning of what strategies are best for them as individuals" Oxford and Leaver,1996
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Slide 20 : Reading for academic purposes (to look for information) Reading for pleasure Reading for academic purposes (to study)
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Slide 24 :
Slide 25 : knowledge of the target language
dictionary skills
knowledge of vocabulary in L2
motivation
knowledge of grammar in L2
knowledge of the world
knowledge of the culture of L2
attention / concentration
critical thinking
reading habit
intelligence What does a reader need to become an efficient reader in L2?
Slide 26 : YES
71% : “ reading is a universal process”
25% “readers may have the same interests”
4% “no differences between L1 and L2” NO
43% : “ L1 and L2 have different codes and belong to different cultures”
31% “readers may have different interests”
26% “they are 2 different cognitive processes”
Conclusion : Conclusion Faulty Reading Comprehension:
A reading problem or a language problem? a language problem a reading problem a shared problem
Instituto Superior “San Bartolomé” Reaching Farther, Reaching Wider II : Instituto Superior “San Bartolomé” Reaching Farther, Reaching Wider II Thank you all!
Verónica de la Encina , M.A.