Absolute monarchy

Absolute Monarchy Jan 2003 Which quotation was most likely made by an absolute monarch? (1) “The government that governs best, governs least.” (2) “I am the state.” (3) “The government must be based on a sound constitution.” (4) “It is the parliament that must make the laws.” June 2003 Base your answer to question 22 on the statements below and on your knowledge of social studies. Speaker A: “The state of monarchy is supreme on earth: for kings are not only God’s lieutenants upon earth and sit upon God’s throne, but even by God himself they are called gods.” Speaker B: “If government fails to fulfill the end for which it was established—the preservation of the individual’s right to life, liberty, and property—the people have a right to dissolve the government.” Speaker C: “But what if the compact between the ruler and ruled is violated by the ruler? He thus becomes a tyrant, a criminal who forfeits his rights to the obedience of his subjects, who may now exercise their right to rebel and form a new compact.” Speaker D: “The ruling authority in the state, the sovereign, must have supreme power, or society will collapse and the anarchy of the state of nature will return.” 22 Which two speakers would support absolutism? (1) A and D (3) C and D (2) B and C (4) A and B Jan 2005 19 Many European monarchs of the 1600s maintained that they should have absolute power to rule because they (1) needed to defend their nations against threats from the Western Hemisphere (2) thought that all people should have the right to a good ruler (3) had been given their power to govern from God (4) thought that communism was the superior political system a2005 Base your answers to questions 14 and 15 on the quotation below and on your knowledge of social studies. “. . . Finally, gather together all that we have said, so great and so august [important], about royal authority. You have seen a great nation united under one man: you have seen his sacred power, paternal and absolute: you have seen that secret reason which directs the body politic, enclosed in one head: you have seen the image of God in kings, and you will have the idea of majesty of kingship. God is holiness itself, goodness itself, power itself, reason itself. In these things consists the divine majesty. In their reflection consists the majesty of the prince. . . .” — Jacques-Benigne Bossuet 14 Which concept is associated with this quotation? (1) direct democracy (3) socialism (2) imperialism (4) divine right 15 Which individual most likely opposed the form of government described in this quotation? (1) Ivan the Terrible (3) John Locke (2) Thomas Hobbes (4) Louis XIV Jan 2006 22 The theory justifying a monarch’s rule by God’s authority is called (1) laissez faire (3) predestination (2) totalitarianism (4) divine right Jan 2006 23 One similarity in the rule of Peter the Great, Suleiman I, and Louis XIV is that each leader (1) shared power with a legislature (2) practiced religious toleration (3) expanded his territory (4) decreased the amount of taxes collected June 2006 Base your answer to question 20 on the quotation below and on your knowledge of social studies. . . . Finally, gather together all that we have said, so great and so august [important], about royal authority. You have seen a great nation united under one man: you have seen his sacred power, paternal and absolute: you have seen that secret reason which directs the body politic, enclosed in one head: you have seen the image of God in kings, and you will have the idea of majesty of kingship. God is holiness itself, goodness itself, power itself, reason itself. In these things consists the divine majesty. In their reflection consists the majesty of the prince. . . . — Jacques-Benigne Bossuet 20 Which philosophy of government is expressed by this quotation? (1) oligarchy (3) democracy (2) fascism (4) divine right A2006 Base your answers to questions 22 through 24 on the speakers’ statements below and on your knowledge of social studies. Speaker A: Although I spread serfdom in my country, I tried to modernize our society by incorporating western technology. Speaker B: I promoted culture with my support of the arts. Unfortunately, I drained my country’s treasury by building my palace at Versailles and involving my country in costly wars. Speaker C: I gained much wealth from my overseas empire in the Americas. I waged war against the Protestants and lost. Speaker D: I inherited the throne and imprisoned my foes without a trial. I dissolved Parliament because I did not want to consult with them when I increased taxes. 22 Which speaker represents the view of King Louis XIV of France? (1) A (3) C (2) B (4) D 23 Which nation was most likely governed by Speaker D? (1) Russia (3) Spain (2) France (4) England 24 Which type of government is most closely associated with all these speakers? (1) limited monarchy (2) absolute monarchy (3) direct democracy (4) constitutional democracy June 2007 Base your answers to questions 45 and 46 on the passage below and on your knowledge of social studies. . . . The power of God can be felt in a moment from one end of the world to the other: the royal power acts simultaneously throughout the kingdom. It holds the whole kingdom in position just as God holds the whole world. If God were to withdraw his hand, the entire world would return to nothing: if authority ceases in the kingdom, all lapses into confusion. . . . — Bishop Jacques-Benigne Bossuet 45 This passage describes the idea of (1) divine right rule (2) parliamentary democracy (3) Marxism (4) totalitarianism 46 Which historical era is most closely associated with this passage? (1) Industrial Revolution (2) Agricultural Revolution (3) Age of Imperialism (4) Age of Absolutism A2007 17 From the 15th to the 18th centuries, absolute monarchs of Europe and Asia sought to (1) increase the power of the Catholic Church (2) centralize their political power (3) redistribute land to the peasants (4) strengthen feudalism Source: Farah and Karls, World History, The Human Experience, Glencoe/McGraw-Hill (adapted) 19 Which person is credited with saying “L’état, c’est moi” (I am the state)? (1) Louis XIV (3) Karl Marx (2) John Locke (4) Queen Isabella Jan 2008 20 A common goal of Philip II of Spain and Louis XIV of France was to (1) spread Calvinism (2) promote political revolutions (3) maintain absolute power (4) isolate their nations A2008 19 Which heading best completes the partial outline below? I. A. Writings of Thomas Hobbes B. Divine right theory C. Centralization of political power D. Reign of Louis XIV (1) Beginning of Global Trade (2) Growth of Democracy in Europe (3) Rise of Absolutism (4) Age of Exploration Jan 2009 21 Louis XIV and Peter the Great would most likely agree with the expression (1) “government should leave businesses alone” (2) “countries should settle differences without war” (3) “do not question government authority” (4) “all men are created with natural rights” June 2009 19 Which form of political leadership is most closely associated with Ivan the Terrible, Suleiman the Magnificent, and Philip II of Spain? (1) democratic (3) communist (2) absolutist (4) theocratic