Let us talk about PARASITISM : Let us talk about PARASITISM Parasites get benefit at the expense of host
Wide spread phenomena
Smaller ones causes damage (parasites)
Sufferer (host) of parasite
Ectoparasites : Ectoparasites Petromyzon (Cyclostome) on fishes
Slide 3 : Lice on animals
Slide 4 : Fleas on animals
Slide 5 : Mites feed on tissue host
Slide 6 : Bedbug (Cimex) on animals (for blood)
Endoparasites : Endoparasites Cell parasites
Plasmodium on RBC of man
Slide 8 : Tissue parasites like Trichinella spiralis in muscles of animals
Slide 9 : Body fluid parasites
Trypanosoma in blood or CSF
Slide 10 : Wuchereria in lymph
Slide 11 : Schistosoma
in blood
Slide 12 : Gut parasites
Ascaris
Slide 13 : Taenia in intestine
Slide 14 : Temporary parasites (intermittent or partial)
Spend only part of their life cycle on host
Mosquitoes
Bedbug
Leech
(sanguivorous)
Slide 15 : Wasps deposits egg in beetles/moths
Larvae emerge out and adults spend free life.
Slide 16 : Permanent parasites
Live permanently in host
Eg. Entamoeba
Ascaris
Obligatory Parasites : Obligatory Parasites Can not exist without a parasitic-life
Even in less oxygen (aerobic respiration)
Larvae of liver fluke
Slide 18 : Fucultative parasites
Lives a parasitic life when opportunity arises
Lives both in CO2 and O2 media
Eg. Ascaris
SCAVENGING : SCAVENGING One organism feeds on other dead organism
Feeder is called scavenger
Useful interaction or recycling the materials back to soil
Eg. Vultures
Crows
Ants
Jackal
Hyenas
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MIMICRY : MIMICRY A mechanism (device) adapted by nature to protect the individuals from its enemies
Mimic…to imitate or copy
Model….that is imitated
The term ‘mimicry’ coined by…BATES ( 1862)
Slide 24 : Mimicry is useful for….
Escape from observation (concealment)
Show harmfulness which is not real (protection)
For some other advantage
Walking insects (Phasmidae) : Walking insects (Phasmidae)
Slide 26 : Leaf insect (Phyllium)
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Slide 28 : Syrphids and bees
Slide 29 : Looks poisonous
Slide 30 : Eyes of a huge animal or spots on the wings of a moth
Slide 31 : A twig or a caterpillar ?
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COMPETITION : COMPETITION One population tends to eliminate the other
Both suffer (-/-)
Paraecium caudatum and paramecium bursaria
Kangaroos fighting : Kangaroos fighting
Elephants fighting : Elephants fighting
Lions fighting : Lions fighting
AGGREGATION : AGGREGATION Grouping (gathering) of organisms which are otherwise solitary
Jackals
Foxes
Penguins
Snakes… 2-5 in a burrow during hibernation
Frogs
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Slide 42 : Cheetah