1.Relations between Organisms

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Ecology is the study of relations. It is an important subject of modern and classical biology and aspirants of PMT, UGC NET, GRE, SAT Biology and IAS would find the subject interesting.

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Relations between Organisms : Relations between Organisms Dr Subroto Biswas Relations between Organisms

What is the study of Relations called ? : What is the study of Relations called ? Ecology BIOTIC INTERACTIONS and ABIOTIC FACTORS

BIOTIC INTERACTIONS : BIOTIC INTERACTIONS INTERSECIFIC INTRASPECIFIC (between different species) (between same species) ANTAGONISM SOCIAL LIFE SYMBIOSIS AGREGATION SCAVENGING CANNIBALISM MIMICRY COMPETITION

BIOTIC INTERACTIONS : BIOTIC INTERACTIONS POSITIVE NEGATIVE NEUTRAL

SYMBIOSIS(living together) : SYMBIOSIS(living together) Beneficial association between two or more species One or both benefitted None are harmed POSITIVE INTERACTIONS

How will you define Commensalism ? : How will you define Commensalism ? Pilot fish (Naucrates) and shark (+/0)

Slide 7 : Lion and jackals Commensalism

Slide 8 : Entamoeba coli in man’s intestine Commensalism Good enough until less in number

Slide 9 : Epiphytes use trees only for attachment Commensalism What is this ?

Slide 10 : Sea cucumber’s cloaca and fierasfer fish Commensalism

Slide 11 : Barnacles (sessile crustaceans) attaches to whales (for distribution) Commensalism

: Sucker fish (Echeneis) on sharks (for food and protection Commensalism

Slide 13 : What do you understand by the statement ? ALL COMMENSALISTIC UNIONS ARE FECULATIVE

What is MUTUALISM ? : What is MUTUALISM ? Termites (+/+) Fagellates Trichonympha

Slide 15 : Lichens (algae/fungi) MUTUALISM

Slide 16 : Insect/pollinated flowers MUTUALISM

Slide 17 : Leguminous plant roots and nirogen fixing bacteria (Rhizobium radicicola) MUTUALISM

Slide 18 : Sea anemone (Adamsia) and hermit crab (Eupagurus) MUTUALISM

Slide 19 : Green hydra (Chlorohydra viridissima) and algae (Zoochlorella) MUTUALISM

Slide 20 : Honey badger and honey bird MUTUALISM The Honey-guide bird Prodotiscus Insignis loves honey but it needs help from badger Mellivora capensis

Slide 21 : Yucca and Pronuba moth MUTUALISM

Slide 22 : Acacia and ants MUTUALISM

What is Protocooperation ? : What is Protocooperation ? Crow and cow (+/+)

Slide 24 : Egrets and cattle Protocooperation

Slide 25 : Crocodile and birds Protocooperation

Slide 26 : Ants and aphids also show Protocooperation

Slide 27 : Aphids secrete honeydew (sugar + proteins) On which ants depend upon In return they bring corn roots for those ‘ANTCOWS’ But can live separately

Slide 28 :

Slide 29 : Calvaria tree and dodo Protocooperation

SOCIAL LIFE : SOCIAL LIFE SOCIETY OF BEES Queen Workers Soldiers…drones

Slide 31 : Society of ants SOCIAL LIFE

Slide 32 : Society of termites SOCIAL LIFE

What is ANTAGONISM ? : What is ANTAGONISM ? Harmful coaction between two different species in which at least one of the species is HARMED

PREDATION : PREDATION Lion and deer/buffalo

Slide 35 : Insectivorous plants…pitcher plant PREDATION

Slide 36 : Insectivorous plants …Venus fly trap PREDATION

Slide 37 : Cat and mice PREDATION

Slide 38 : Frog and insect PREDATION

Slide 39 : Peacock and snake PREDATION