Class at 3 pm?.. : Class at 3 pm?..
huhh.. : huhh..
Slide 3 :
Slide 4 :
Slide 5 :
Slide 6 :
Bioinformatics in Public Health : Bioinformatics in Public Health Everyone is now talking about bioinformatics. This is the new segment created by the merger of two hot areas: information technology and biotechnology. So this has become one of the most promising field for job hunters.
Rupak Chakravarty
Bioinformatics in Public Health : Bioinformatics in Public Health Enrico’s view:
If physiology literally means 'the logic of life', and pathology is 'the logic of disease', then medical informatics is the logic of healthcare.
Bioinformatics in Public Health : Bioinformatics in Public Health It is the rational study of the way we think about patients, and the way that treatments are defined, selected and evolved.
It is the study of how medical knowledge is created, shaped, shared and applied
Enrico Coiera 1997
Bioinformatics in Public Health : Bioinformatics in Public Health Informatics:
Medical Informatics
Nursing Informatics
Clinical Informatics
Health Informatics
Bioinformatics in Public Health : Bioinformatics in Public Health Informatics:
the application of information technologies to optimize the information management function within an organization
Bioinformatics in Public Health : Bioinformatics in Public Health Informatics:
information management
information technology
Bioinformatics in Public Health : Bioinformatics in Public Health Information management
assuring that the right information is available to the right people, within and without an organization, at the right time and place, and for the right price
Bioinformatics in Public Health : Bioinformatics in Public Health Information technology
any technology which processes and communicates data, includes:
computers, voice, data and image sensing and communications devices, graphics devices, multi-media storage, etc.
Bioinformatics in Public Health : Bioinformatics in Public Health The NIH Biomedical Information Science and Technology Initiative Consortium agreed on the following definitions of bioinformatics and computational biology...
Bioinformatics in Public Health : Bioinformatics in Public Health Research, development, or application of computational tools and approaches for expanding the use of biological, medical, behavioral or health data,including those to acquire, store, organize, archive, analyze, or visualize such data.
Bioinformatics in Public Health : Bioinformatics in Public Health The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI 2001) defines bioinformatics as
Bioinformatics in Public Health : Bioinformatics in Public Health "Bioinformatics is the field of science in which biology, computer science, and information technology merge into a single discipline.”
Bioinformatics in Public Health : Bioinformatics in Public Health (Oxford English Dictionary)
bioinformatics is conceptualizing biology in terms of molecules (in the sense of Physical chemistry) and applying informatics techniques(derived from disciplines such as applied maths, computer science and statistics) to understand and organize the information associated with these molecules, on a large scale.
Bioinformatics in Public Health : Bioinformatics in Public Health Bioinformatics or computational biology is the use of mathematical and informational techniques, including statistics, to solve biological problems, usually by creating or using computer programs, mathematical models or both.
Bioinformatics in Public Health : Bioinformatics in Public Health One of the main areas of bioinformatics is the data mining and analysis of the data gathered by the various genome projects.
Other areas are sequence alignment, protein structure prediction, systems biology, protein-protein interactions and virtual evolution.
Bioinformatics in Public Health : Bioinformatics in Public Health Bioinformatics is the science of developing computer databases and algorithms for the purpose of speeding up and enhancing biological research.
Bioinformatics in Public Health : Bioinformatics in Public Health It has evolved into a full-fledged multidisciplinary subject that integrates developments in information and computer technology as applied to Biotechnology and Biological Sciences.
It uses computer software tools for database creation, data management, data warehousing, data mining and global communication networking.
Bioinformatics in Public Health : Bioinformatics in Public Health Activities in bioinformatics:
We can split the activities in bioinformatics in two areas:
(1) the organization and
(2) the analysis of biological data.
Bioinformatics in Public Health : Bioinformatics in Public Health Organization activity in Bioinformatics:
- The creation of databases of biological information
- The maintenance of these databases
Bioinformatics in Public Health : Bioinformatics in Public Health Analysis activity in Bioinformatics:
- Development of methods to predict the structure and/or function of newly discovered proteins and structural RNA sequences.
Bioinformatics in Public Health : Bioinformatics in Public Health - Clustering protein sequences into families of related sequences and the development of protein models.
- Aligning similar proteins and generating phylogenetic (of or relating to the evolutionary development of organisms) trees to examine evolutionary relationships
Bioinformatics in Public Health : Bioinformatics in Public Health Aims of Bioinformatics:
The aims of bioinformatics are basically three-fold. They are :
Organization of data in such a way that it allows researchers to access existing information & to submit new entries as they are produced.
Bioinformatics in Public Health : Bioinformatics in Public Health Aims of Bioinformatics:
While data-creation is an essential task, the information stored in these databases is useless unless analysed. Thus the purpose of bioinformatics extends well beyond mere volume control.
Bioinformatics in Public Health : Bioinformatics in Public Health Aims of Bioinformatics:
To develop tools and resources that help in the analysis of data. For example, having sequenced a particular protein, it is with previously characterized sequences. This requires more than just a straightforward database search.
Bioinformatics in Public Health : Bioinformatics in Public Health Aims of Bioinformatics:
As such, programs such as BLAST much consider what constitutes a biologically significant resemblance. Development of such resources extensive knowledge of computational theory, as well as a thorough understanding of biology.
Bioinformatics in Public Health : Bioinformatics in Public Health Aims of Bioinformatics:
Use of these tools to analyse the individual systems in detail, and frequently compared them with few that are related.
Bioinformatics in Public Health : Bioinformatics in Public Health Bioinformatics and its scope:
Bioinformatics uses advances in the area of computer science, information science, computer and information technology, communication technology to solve complex problems in life sciences and particularly in biotechnology.
Bioinformatics in Public Health : Bioinformatics in Public Health Bioinformatics and its scope:
Data capture, data warehousing and data mining have become major issues for biotechnologists and biological scientists due to sudden growth in quantitative data in biology such as...
Bioinformatics in Public Health : Bioinformatics in Public Health Bioinformatics and its scope:
complete genomes of biological species including human genome, protein sequences, protein 3-D structures, metabolic pathways databases, cell line & hybridoma information, biodiversity related information.
Bioinformatics in Public Health : Bioinformatics in Public Health Bioinformatics and its scope:
Advancements in information technology... acting as great facilitator
Bioinformatics in Public Health : Bioinformatics in Public Health Bioinformatics and its scope:
Functional genomics, proteomics, discovery of new drugs and vaccines, molecular diagnostic kits and pharmacogenomics are some of the areas in which bioinformatics has become an integral part of Research & Development.
Bioinformatics in Public Health : Bioinformatics in Public Health Bioinformatics and its scope:
The knowledge of multimedia databases, tools to carry out data analysis and modeling of molecules and biological systems on computer workstations as well as in a network environment has become essential for any student of Bioinformatics.
Bioinformatics in Public Health : Bioinformatics in Public Health Bioinformatics, the multidisciplinary area, has grown so much that one divides it into molecular bioinformatics, organal bioinformatics and species bioinformatics.
Bioinformatics in Public Health : Bioinformatics in Public Health biodiversity and environment, cloning of higher animals such as Dolly and Polly, tissue culture and cloning of plants have brought out that Bioinformatics is not only a support branch of science but is also a subject that directs future course of research in biotechnology and life sciences.
Bioinformatics in Public Health : Bioinformatics in Public Health The importance and usefulness of Bioinformatics is realized in last few years by many industries.
Bioinformatics R & D divisions are being established in many pharmaceutical companies, biotechnology companies and even in other conventional industry dealing with biological.
Bioinformatics is thus rated as number one career in the field of biosciences.
Bioinformatics in Public Health : Bioinformatics in Public Health In short, Bioinformatics deals with database creation, data analysis and modeling. Data capturing is done not only from printed material but also from network resources. Databases in biology are generally in the multimedia form organized in relational database model. Modeling is done not only on single biological molecule but also on multiple systems thus requiring a use of high performance computing systems.
The Potential of Bioinformatics: : The Potential of Bioinformatics: New Gene Products
AfriVax, Inc. uses bioinformatics and gene technologies to develop recombinant gene products. We offer genetic design services to improve your DNA, RNA or Protein molecular product. Rapidly design safe, effective bioproducts using our Computer Aided Gene Engineering (CAGE™) approach to create a new or improved biopharmaceutical product.
The Potential of Bioinformatics: : The Potential of Bioinformatics: New Gene Products:
Their AdCEV™/ Egg production platform uses fertilized hen eggs as a biological substrate for recombinant protein production. Working with eggs offers easy scale-up, competitive yields, and easy deployment as a small-, medium-, or large-scale Poultry Pharm™ solutions. It can support your vaccine or biologic product development all the way to full scale GMP manufacturing in eggs in a dedicated facility.
Slide 45 :
Slide 46 :
Slide 47 :
Slide 48 :
Slide 49 :
Slide 50 :
Slide 51 :
Slide 52 :
Deinococcus radiodurans is listed in the Guinness Book of World Records as "the world's toughest bacterium." This microbe can survive drought conditions, lack of nutrients, and most important, a thousand times more radiation than a person can. : Deinococcus radiodurans is listed in the Guinness Book of World Records as "the world's toughest bacterium." This microbe can survive drought conditions, lack of nutrients, and most important, a thousand times more radiation than a person can.
Deinococcus radiodurans : Deinococcus radiodurans Scientists are interested in this organism because of its potential usefulness in cleaning up waste sites that contain radiation and toxic chemicals.
The Potential of Bioinformatics: : The Potential of Bioinformatics: Climate change
Increasing levels of carbon dioxide emission, mainly through the expanding use of fossil fuels for energy, are thought to contribute to global climate change. Recently, the DOE (Department of Energy, USA) launched a program to decrease atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. One method of doing so is to study the genomes of microbes that use carbon dioxide as their sole carbon source.
The Potential of Bioinformatics: : The Potential of Bioinformatics: In recent years, we have seen an explosion in the amount of biological information that is available. Various databases are doubling in size every 15 months and we now have the complete genome sequences of more than 100 organisms. It appears that the ability to generate vast quantities of data has surpassed the ability to use this data meaningfully.
The Potential of Bioinformatics: : The Potential of Bioinformatics: The pharmaceutical industry has embraced genomics as a source of drug targets. It also recognises that the field of bioinformatics is crucial for validating these potential drug targets and for determining which ones are the most suitable for entering the drug development pipeline.
The Potential of Bioinformatics: : The Potential of Bioinformatics: All marketed drugs today target only about 500 gene products. The elucidation of the human genome which has an estimated round 30,000 genes, presents immense new opportunities for drug discovery and simultaneously creates a potential bottleneck regarding the choice of targets to support the drug discovery pipeline.
The Potential of Bioinformatics: : The Potential of Bioinformatics: The ultimate goal of bioinformatics is to uncover the wealth of biological information hidden in the mass of sequence, structure, literature and other biological data and obtain a clearer insight into the fundamental biology of organisms and to use this information to enhance the standard of life for mankind.
The Potential of Bioinformatics: : The Potential of Bioinformatics: The influence of genomics and bioinformatics will not only influence science. It will influence the society in may ways. From crop cultivation and food production to health care and life ensurance. From crime investigation and personal identification to computer chip fabrication and genetic modification law development.
Slide 61 :