Fungi - Are they Friends or Foes Part- 2

Slide 1 : Fungi as Foes

Slide 2 : Many pathogenic fungi Responsible for a large number of diseases In plants and Animals, including human beings. Fungi as Foes

PLANT DISEASES Caused by Algal fungi… Phycomycetes : PLANT DISEASES Caused by Algal fungi… Phycomycetes Disease Caused by Host

Slide 4 : Caused Great Potato Famine In mid-1800s Over 1 million people died From starvation in Ireland Many immigrated to the U.S Phytophthora infestans

Irish Potato Famine of 19th Century : Devastated potato crops, causing devastating starvation in Ireland ? Irish Potato Famine of 19th Century OOMYCETES

Slide 6 : Diseases Caused by Algal fungi…Ascomycetes Disease Caused by Host

Slide 7 : Diseases Caused by Algal fungi…Ascomycetes Disease Caused by Host

Slide 8 : Ergot Ergot

Slide 9 : Diseases Caused by Algal fungi Basidiomycetes Disease Caused by Host

Slide 10 : Puccinia graminis tritici germinating on wheat These spores give the name black rust.

BUNT (Stinking smut)Tilletia tritici : BUNT (Stinking smut)Tilletia tritici

Slide 12 : Diseases Caused by.. Deuteromycetes Disease Caused by Host

Slide 13 : Helminthosporium… Cause of Bengal famine

Slide 14 : Colletotrichum falcatum

Slide 15 : Fungal pathogens of Animals and Human

Historical facts ANIMAL/HUMAN fungal pathogens : Historical facts ANIMAL/HUMAN fungal pathogens Agostino Bassi 1835 discovered a fungus (Beauveria bassiana) Caused disease in silk worms (=Muscardine). David Gruby (1841) Proved favus, disease of scalp Caused by fungus by inoculation experiments.

HUMAN DISEASES : HUMAN DISEASES Common Human diseases caused by fungi Coccidiomyces Moniliasis Cryptococcosis Blastomycosis Aspergillosis Otomycosis Ringworm Athlete’s foot

KINDS OF ANIMAL INFECTIONS : KINDS OF ANIMAL INFECTIONS

Superficial Infections : Superficial Infections Ringworm Greek called it Herpes, literally circle or ring-form. Romans called it Tinea, believed it to be caused by a worm. Secretes keratinase…an enzyme that degrades keratin. Infection is transmitted by direct contact or contact with infected hair (hair salon) or cells (nail files, shower floors).

Slide 21 : Tinea capitis or ringworm of the scalp Tinea pedum & Tinea manuum or ringworm of the feet and hand Individual with ringworm of feet = Athlete’s foot Fungus Nail commonly caused by Trichophyton rubrum Jock itch (Tinea cruris) Athlete’s foot

Cutaneous Mycosis : Cutaneous Mycosis Ringworm skin infection: Tinea corporis

Slide 23 : Severe nail infection with Trichophyton rubrum (Ring worm)

Chromoblastomycosis Candidiasis : Chromoblastomycosis Candidiasis Disease usually confined to skin and mucous membranes Can cause lesions May be fatal. Oral candidiasis usually occur in children. or

Cutaneous Mycosis : Cutaneous Mycosis Candida albicans Infection of the nails. .

Slide 27 : Opportunistic Infection by Candida albicans in an AIDS patients

Slide 29 : Systemic mycoses: Fungal infections deep within the body. Can affect a number if tissues and organs. Usually caused by fungi that live in the soil and are inhaled. Not contagious. Examples: Histoplasmosis (Histoplasma capsulatum): Initial infection in lungs. Later spreads through blood to most organs. Coccidiomycosis (Coccidioides immites): Resembles tuberculosis.

Systemic Mycosis: Histoplasmosis : Systemic Mycosis: Histoplasmosis Disseminated Histoplasma capsulatum, lung infection.

Slide 31 : Histoplasma capsulatum, causing skin infection.

MUSHROOM POISONING : MUSHROOM POISONING Instantaneous death By Toadstools.. Amanita virosa Nervous disorders By Toadstools.. Amanita muscaria Hallucinations By Psilocybe and Claviceps purpurea

Slide 33 : Amanita muscaria

Slide 34 : Few Interesting Fungi

Arthroderma : Arthroderma Arthroderma is one of the few fungi that can utilize feathers as a food source. They snag on a bird's feathers

Biodiesel fungus : Biodiesel fungus Many microbes produce hydrocarbons. In the rainforest, G. roseum produces lots of long chain hydrocarbons and other biological molecules. When the researchers grew it in the lab, it produced fuel that is even more similar to the diesel we put in our cars. Gliocladium roseum

Slide 37 : The largest single organism Arimillaria ostoyae Covers more than 3.4 square miles Thousands of years old. Some are bioluminescent Responsible for the phenomena known as fox fire. Arimillaria ostoyae

Slide 38 : Fox fire

Slide 39 : Black piedra is a superficial fungal infection of the hair shaft caused by Piedra hortae, an ascomycetous fungus forming hard black nodules on the shafts of the scalp, beard and moustache. Piedra hortae

Mycetoma : Mycetoma Progressive inflammatory disease. Mainly affects the foot Mycetoma pedis is also known as Madura foot. Infection is endemic in Africa, India and Central and South America.

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