Slide 1 : DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS Course Title
Slide 2 : ITE 319 / ITEP 214 Course Code
Slide 3 : This course covers the different architecture of the relational, hierarchical, and networks models. Other topics to be covered are the designs of database, analysis of data and the different management issues of security, integrity, concurrence control, recovery, distributed database, object-oriented database, and client-server technology. Included are advanced topics on database security, integrity, concurrence control and recovery. A discussion on distributed database is also included and basic SQL command. Course Description
Slide 4 : 3 units – ITE 227/ITEP 133 Units & Pre-requisite
Slide 5 : The students are expected to become familiar with the different database architecture of the relational, hierarchical and network models; analyze and design databases; manage issues of security, integrity, concurrence control and recovery; differentiate distributed database with object-oriented database and client-server database technology; and learn basic SQL command. Course General Objectives
Slide 6 : Instructor: FOR-IAN V. SANDOVALlspu_it@yahoo.com
fvsandoval@yahoo.com Chapter 1
INTRODUCTION TO
DATABASE MANAGEMENT
SYSTEM
Slide 7 : What is a data? pieces of information that represent the qualitative or quantitative attributes of a variable or set of variables.
data (plural of "datum") are typically the results of measurements and can be the basis of graphs, images, or observations of a set of variables.
data are often viewed as the lowest level of abstraction from which information and knowledge are derived.
Slide 8 : What is a file? a collection of data (or, often, of logically related records) stored and dealt with as a single, named unit.
Slide 9 : What is a database? A database is a structured collection of records or data that is stored in a computer system.
A database is a collection of data, typically describing the activities of one or more related organizations. For example the university might contain information about the following:
Entities such as students, faculty, courses and classrooms.
Relationships between entities such as students’ enrollment in courses, faculty teaching courses and the use of rooms for courses.
What Is a DBMS? : What Is a DBMS? A Database Management System (DBMS) is a software package designed to store and manage databases.
Models real-world enterprise.
Entities (e.g., students, courses)
Relationships (e.g., Madonna is taking CS564)
Files vs. DBMS : Files vs. DBMS Application must stage large datasets between main memory and secondary storage (e.g., buffering, page-oriented access, 32-bit addressing, etc.)
Special code for different queries
Must protect data from inconsistency due to multiple concurrent users
Crash recovery
Security and access control
Why Use a DBMS? : Why Use a DBMS? Data independence and efficient access.
Reduced application development time.
Data integrity and security.
Uniform data administration.
Concurrent access, recovery from crashes.
Why Study Databases?? : Why Study Databases?? Shift from computation to information
at the “low end”: scramble to webspace (a mess!)
at the “high end”: scientific applications
Datasets increasing in diversity and volume.
Digital libraries, interactive video, Human Genome project, EOS project
... need for DBMS exploding
DBMS encompasses most of CS
OS, languages, theory, AI, multimedia, logic ?
ADVANTAGES OF DBMS : ADVANTAGES OF DBMS The text presents a standard list of virtues of database systems: 1. Getting more information from the same amount of data 2. Sharing data 3. Balancing conflicting requirement 4. Controlling redundancy 5. Facilitating Consistency 6. Improving integrity - Integrity constraints
ADVANTAGES OF DBMS : ADVANTAGES OF DBMS The text presents a standard list of virtues of database systems: 7. Expanding security 8. Increasing Productivity 9. Providing data independence
DISADVANTAGES OF DBMS : DISADVANTAGES OF DBMS The text presents a standard list of virtues of database systems: 1. Large file size 2. Increase complexity 3. Greater impact of failure 4. More difficult recovery
DBMS Building Blocks : DBMS Building Blocks A DBMS includes four main parts: modeling language data structure database query language transaction mechanisms:
Modeling Language : Modeling Language A data modeling language to define the schema of each database hosted in the DBMS, according to the DBMS database model. hierarchical model network model relation model object model
Data Structure : Data Structure Data structures (fields, records, files and objects) optimized to deal with very large amounts of data stored on a permanent data storage device (which implies relatively slow access compared to volatile main memory).
Database Query Language : Database Query Language A database query language and report writer allows users to interactively interrogate the database, analyze its data and update it according to the user’s privileges on data. It also controls the security of the database. Data security prevents unauthorized users from viewing or updating the database. Using passwords, users are allowed access to the entire database or subsets of it called subschemas.
Transaction Mechanism : Transaction Mechanism A database transaction mechanism ideally guarantees
ACID properties in order to ensure data integrity despite
concurrent user accesses (concurrency control), and faults
(fault tolerance). It also maintains the integrity of the data in the database. The DBMS can maintain the integrity of the database by
not allowing more than one user to update the same record
at the same time.
Transaction Mechanism : Transaction Mechanism The DBMS can help prevent duplicate records via unique
index constraints;
DBMS FEATURES AND CAPABILITIES : DBMS FEATURES AND CAPABILITIES Features commonly offered by database management systems include: 1. Query Ability 2. Rule Reinforcement 3. Computation 4. Change and Access Logging 5. Automated Optimization
LOGICAL & PHYSICAL VIEW : LOGICAL & PHYSICAL VIEW A DBMS minimizes these problems by providing two views of the database data: a logical (external) view and physical (internal) view. Logical View
The logical view/user’s view, of a database program represents data in a format that is meaningful to a user and to the software programs that process those data. That is, the logical view tells the user, in user terms, what is in the database.
LOGICAL & PHYSICAL VIEW : LOGICAL & PHYSICAL VIEW Physical View
The physical view deals with the actual, physical arrangement and location of data in the direct access storage devices (DASDs). Database specialists use the physical view to make efficient use of storage and processing resources.
LOGICAL & PHYSICAL VIEW : LOGICAL & PHYSICAL VIEW One strength of a DBMS is that while there is only one physical view of the data, there can be an endless number of different logical views.
LOGICAL & PHYSICAL VIEW : LOGICAL & PHYSICAL VIEW Traditional View of Data
META-DATA REPOSITORY : META-DATA REPOSITORY Metadata is data describing data. For example, a listing that describes what attributes are allowed to be in data sets is called "meta-information". The meta-data is also known as data about data.
Examples of Data Management : Examples of Data Management Adavas Adaptive Server Enterprise Alpha Five Computhink’s ViewWise Daffodil DB DataEase FileMaker Firebird IBM DB2 IBM UniVerse
Examples of Data Management : Examples of Data Management Ingres Informix InterSystem Cache Kexi Linter SQL RDBMS Mark Logic Microsoft Access Microsoft SQL Server Microsoft Visual Foxpro MonetDB
Examples of Data Management : Examples of Data Management MySQL OpenLink Virtuoso OpenOffice.org Base Oracle Database PostgreSQL Progress SQL Anywhere SQLite Teradata Vertica Analytic Database